Pengelolaan Sampah Rumahtangga Berbasis Komunitas: Teladan dari Dua Komunitas di Sleman dan Jakarta Selatan

Studi kasus pengelolaan sampah rumahtangga di Wedomartani (Sleman, Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa) dan Banjarsari (Jakarta Selatan) memberikan perspektif alternatif untuk meminimalisasi timbunan sampah yang dikelola oleh pemerintah melalui skenario daur ulang sampah dengan mengkombinasikan aspek teknis, ekologi, ekonomi, sosial budaya, kebijakan dan kelembagaan. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas dan efisiensi pengelolaan sampah rumahtangga dari sumbernya di Wedomartani dan Banjarsari; 2) untuk membuat sintesis pola pengelolaan sampah berbasis komunitas; 3) untuk menguji dan mengevaluasi efektivitas dan efisiensi pola dari kedua studi kasus tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan Juni 2005 sampai Agustus 2006. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan pengambilan sampel. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif meliputi analisis efektivitas biaya, analisis regresi, analisis varian dan t-test. Pengelolaan sampah berbasis masyarakat memberikan beberapa keuntungan yakni : 1) mengurangi 57 persen sampah 70 persen dari total jumlah sampah; 2) efisiensi biaya sebesar 23 persen sampai 37 persen dibandingkan pengelolaan secara konvensional; 3) peningkatan nilai ekonomi dengan penjualan barang daur ulang, pelayanan pelatihan daur ulang dan bentuk-bentuk diversifikasi yang lain; 4) menciptakan harmoni sosial antar banyak pihak. Implementasi kedua pola ini di Bogor belum dapat dilakukan secara optimal karena belum terpenuhinya prasyarat untuk mencapainya. Tingkat biaya operasional juga belum dapat dicapai secara menguntungkan

Ability of Lactobacillus Plantarum JR64 Isolated From Noni Juice in Lowering Cholesterol in Vivo

Recently public\u27s attention to the importance of healthy food increases rapidly. Probiotic based food exploiting lactic acid bacteria is among the healthy food. Lactobacillus plantarum JR64 isolate from Morinda citrifolia fruit was assessed for its probiotic in-vivo by using Wistar Rat. The purpose of this research was to study the ability of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum JR64 in lowering serum LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) of Wistar Rat. Twenty Rats were grouped into 4, each group consisted of 5 Rats. First Group was a negative control given standard normal diet of 20 gr/day plus aquadest. Second Grup was a positive control given cholesterol normal diet 20 gr /day plus Propil Tio Urasil (PTU) 60 mg/kg body weight/day. Third Group was supplemented with normal diet 20 gr /day plus Propil Tio Urasil (PTU) 60 mg kg body weight /day and 1012 CFU Lactobacillus plantarum JR64. Fourth Group was the same as third Group unless the probiotic using commercial probiotic Lactobacillus bulgariccus at 1012 CFU. Blood samples were withdrawn for measurement of total cholesterol, triglyceride, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol every week and measured by using spectrophotometer with 546 nanometers wavelength. The results show that probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum JR64 isolated from noni juice significantly (p < 0,01) reduce Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and Triglyceride in vivo and tend to reduce High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and total cholesterol

Utilization of Waste Extracts Residual Tobacco Cigarette Manufacturing and Leaves of Mahkota Dewa as a Natural Pesticide for Pest Control Armyworms in Chili Plant

The use of pesticides is still considered behind a great benefit for increasing agricultural production. Quite high negative impact of the use of synthetic pesticides to encourage efforts to pursue the empowerment of natural pesticide as alternative to synthetic pesticides. On tobacco and leaves of mahkota dewa found a substance alkaloid that can help ward off attacks, especially armyworm. Has conducted research utilization of waste residual tobacco cigarette manufacturing at a company and leaves of mahkota dewa as a natural pesticide to eradicate the armyworm. The residual tobacco cigarette manufacturing and leaves of mahkota dewa isolated manner extracted with an organic solvent so that the resulting crude extract alkaloids. The resulting crude alkaloid used as a pesticide solution sprayed on the leaves of Chili to eradicate the pest armyworms. Test result showed that the insecticidal activity of alkaloid extract concentration of 1,6 ppm has the highest insecticidal activity. However, engaging both the alkaloid extract provides insecticidal activity is lower than the alkaloid extract of leaves of mahkota dewa so that the most effective in the use of alkaloid extract of leaves of mahkota dewa. Identification of the alkaloid compounds have been analyzed by TLC. This analysis showed that compound in waste of tobacco cigarette manufacture is nicotine and triterpenoids whereas the alkaloid extract of the leaves of mahkota dewa form of narcoti

Isolation and Fermentation of Lactobacillus Plantarum JR64 as an Omega 6 Probiotic Producer

Application of lactic acid probiotic bacteria in health food diversification currently is progressing rapidly. It is encouraged the study of searching the potential strains from local resources (Ponorogo Residence) namely noni fruits (badeg pace) and noni wine. Aims of this study were to perform the isolation, identification, and production of probiotic Lactobacillus sp. JR64 fermentation process as a producer of Omega-6 (ω-6) lowering cholesterol and design of probiotic creamy product. Beginning stages of research was strains isolating and in-vitro testing, the best result were used in molecular identification technology development for the production of metabolites through the manipulation of environmental variation of glucose 20 g / l, 30 g / l and 40 g / l that influenced the substrate concentration of linoleic acid productivity. The result of new isolates isolation showed that isolates that obtained from noni wine, Lactobacillus plantarum JR64, was potential as probiotic condidate. The effieciency of fermentation substrates using Yx/s and Yp /s in the exponential phase was the highest value for the fermentation of 24 hours of Yx/ s; 17.03% and Y p/s; 74.72%, while the results of design and the best formulation for viability cells of lactobacillus plantarum probiotics JR64 was composed of 15 g and 50g butter 15 g icing sugar as well as during storage of the refrigerant temperature was 8.92 x 108 CFU / ml.

Improvement of Viability of Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium longum with Several Encapsulating Materials using Extrusion Method

Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium longum are probiotics commonly applied as dry starter for food system. Drying process in the production of dry starter can reduce the number of probiotics, therefore they are necessary to be encapsulated. Aim of this research was to obtain best encapsulating material for both probiotics. Encapsulation technique used in this research was extrusion with maltodextrine-alginate, sago starch-alginate, corn starch-alginate, and control of treatment skim milk-alginate (w:w) as encapsulating materials.  The four encapsulating materials significantly affected the value of viability, encapsulation efficiency, number of cell in wet beads and dry beads, number of survival cell during drying process, and number of survival encapsulated cell in simulated acid and bile salt conditions. Based on viability of L. casei and B. longum, beads matrix characteristic, number of cell in wet beads and dry beads, and number of survival cells during drying process, maltodextrine-alginate was better than sago starch-alginate and corn starch-alginate, but was not as good as skim milk-alginate (control of treatment) as encapsulating material. Viability (number) of L. casei and B. longum in dry beads of maltodextrine-alginate were 4.69±0.08 log CFU/g and 5.32±0.21 log CFU/g, while number of L. casei and B. longum in dry beads of skim milk-alginate were higher 5.08±0.07 log CFU/g and 6.20±0.16 log CFU/g. L. casei more resistant than B. longum against acidic (low pH) environment. In the presence of 0.3% bile salt, L. casei and B. longum encapsulated with skim milk-alginate increased as much as 2.75±0. 02 and 1.61±0.04 log cycles, respectively

Kadar Pati Resisten Pangan Tinggi Karbohidrat Hasil Autoclaving-Cooling 2 Siklus: Studi Meta-Analisis

Autoclaving-cooling merupakan salah satu metode modifikasi pati fisik yang banyak digunakan untuk meningkatkan kadar pati resisten. Namun metode ini memiliki pengaruh yang berbeda-beda pada tiap jenis pangan tinggi karbohidrat. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis jenis pangan karbohidrat yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan dalam peningkatan kadar pati resisten akibat proses autoclaving-cooling 2 siklus. Studi ini menggunakan 9 artikel yang diseleksi melalui metode panduan PRISMA dari total 279 artikel yang diperoleh. Data dianalisis berdasarkan nilai ukuran efek Hedges'd (standardized mean difference/SMD) dan nilai selang kepercayaan (CI) menggunakan perangkat lunak Meta-Essentials. Studi meta-analisis menunjukkan bahwa metode autoclaving-cooling pada pangan serealia memiliki efek signifikansi yang lebih tinggi dalam meningkatkan kadar pati resisten (SMD: 7,39; 95% CI: 2,8 s.d 11,97; p&lt;0,001) dibandingkan kacang-kacangan dan umbi-umbian. Dalam kelompok serealia, jenis sampel oat (SMD: 10,91; 95% CI: 3,89 s.d 17,94; p&lt;0,001) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan kadar pati resisten dibandingkan sampel beras. Kesimpulan dari studi ini yaitu metode autoclaving-cooling 2 siklus memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan (tingkat kepercayaan 95%) dalam peningkatan kadar pati resisten pada kelompok pangan serealia, yaitu oat