ADDITIVE AND NON-ADDITIVE GENE EFFECTS FOR QUANTITATIVE TRAITS THROUGH LINE X TESTER ANALYSIS IN MULBERRY SILKWORM

Combining ability effects were studied for thirteen quantitative parameters in silkworm Bombyx mori through line x tester mating design. Three evolved multivoltine lines (MU1, MU11, MU303) and one popular multivoltine race Pure Mysore were involved in the study and identified as females (lines) and two commercially popular bivoltine breeds (CSR2 and NB4 D2 ) along with two evolved bivoltine breeds of Mysore University (MG408 and MU854) were chosen as males (testers) and a total of sixteen hybrids were derived. All the twenty-four genotypes were reared under standard rearing conditions. Among the lines, MU1 and MU11 and the two testers MG408 and NB4 D2 exhibited significant +ve general combining ability (GCA) effects for most of the traits understudy indicating the importance of additive gene action. Out of sixteen hybrids MU1 x MG408, MU11 x CSR2, MU303 x MU854 and PM x NB4 D2 were found to be the best hybrid combinations with significant specific combining ability (SCA) effects confirming the importance of non-additive gene action. The ANOVA results based on the pooled data for thirteen economic traits revealed significant interaction among the testers, lines and between lines x testers. The developments of new hybrids through line x tester analysis are here in discussed

Functional Properties of Dehulled Red Gram and Lentil Sourced from Organic and Non-Organic Sources: A Comparative Evaluation

ABSTRACT The functional properties of the selected legume flours from organic and non-organic sources were studied. The chosen legume samples were decorticated red gram (Cajanus cajan) and lentil (Lens culinaris). The legume flours were analysed for nutrient composition and functional properties i.e. bulk density, nitrogen solubility, water absorption capacity (WAC), water solubility index, oil absorption capacity (OAC) and foaming and emulsion capacity. The nutrient composition of the red gram and lentil samples did not show significant differences in fat, ash and dietary fiber, but their protein content was slightly more in organic lentil samples. The iron, calcium and phosphorous contents of the non-organic legumes were higher in comparison with organic samples. Organic pulses showed significantly lower WAC than non-organic samples. OAC of the organic samples was significantly high when compared with non-organic legumes. The emulsion capacity did not differ significantly between organic and non-organic samples. The solubility of the protein increased at alkaline pH and all legume samples showed highest solubility (> 80%) at pH 11.0. The organic samples showed higher solubility than the non-organic legumes. The method of growing did not affect the nutritional composition of legumes to a greater extent, however, differences in functional properties were observed

Solar-powered boost-fly back converter for efficient warehouse monitoring with flack droid

Warehouses serve as essential infrastructure for storing a wide array of goods and are utilized by various entities. Implementing a sophisticated warehouse management system (WMS) represents a pinnacle of technological advancement. Effective warehouse maintenance is paramount, benefiting both consumers and producers alike. Typically, warehouses store items such as medicine, chemicals, food, and electronics, requiring controlled conditions of temperature and humidity. Monitoring these factors is essential to comply with regulations and maintain internal quality standards. This paper focuses on optimizing warehouse management to meet customer demands and streamline processes for packaging and production teams. Additionally, it proposes the integration of droid technology within warehouses to monitor the parameters and mitigate fire hazards, thereby enhancing the efficiency and safety of goods storage. This proactive approach not only ensures the integrity of stored products but also contributes to cost-saving measures within the warehouse. This paper introduces an innovative method to achieve a substantial increase in voltage output in a DC-DC converter while avoiding the need for excessively high duty ratios. The converter’s operation is governed by a single pulse width modulation (PWM) signal, employing a fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative controller (FOPID) for regulating the power switch. By merging boost-forward-fly back (BFF) converter topologies, the design achieves a remarkable voltage gain. Moreover, the converter efficiently recycles energy stored in the leakage inductance of the coupled inductor, thereby reducing voltage stress and minimizing power losses and thus enhancing overall converter efficiency

CONSIDERATION OF RESOURCEFUL DATA AGGREGATION IN SENSING OF MOBILE SYSTEMS

Ad-hoc networks maintain routing among any pair of nodes while sensor networks encompass an additional dedicated communication prototype. Security concerns in ad-hoc networks are comparable to those within sensor networks and were enumerated in literature; however the defence method developed in support of ad-hoc networks is not unswervingly appropriate towards sensor networks. Because of restriction in bandwidth as well as buffer space, delay tolerant networks are susceptible to flood attacks. Although numerous schemes were projected to protect against flood attacks on Internet as well as in wireless networks, they believe constant connectivity moreover cannot be unswervingly applied to delay tolerant networks that have irregular connectivity. Networks of disruption tolerant consist of mobile nodes approved by human beings and networks facilitate data transport when mobile nodes are simply occasionally associated, making them suitable for functions where no communication transportation is accessible. We make use of rate limiting to protect against flood attacks within delay tolerant networks. Each node has an edge above packets that it, like a source node, can transmit towards network in every time period. Our fundamental idea of discovery is claim-carry-and-check. Proposed system works in a dispersed manner, does not depend on any online central authority or else infrastructure, which well suits environment of delay tolerant networks and employs well-organized constructions to maintain computation, communication as well as storage cost small

Offsetting anthropogenic carbon emissions from biomass waste and mineralised carbon dioxide

The present work investigates biomass wastes and their ashes for re-use in combination with mineralised CO2 in cement-bound construction products. A range of biomass residues (e.g., wood derived, nut shells, fibres, and fruit peels) sourced in India, Africa and the UK were ashed and exposed to CO2 gas. These CO2-reactive ashes could mineralise CO2 gas and be used to cement ‘raw’ biomass in solid carbonated monolithic composites. The CO2 sequestered in ashes (125–414 g CO2/kg) and that emitted after incineration (400–500 g CO2/kg) was within the same range (w/w). The CO2-reactive ashes embodied significant amounts of CO2 (147–424 g equivalent CO2/kg ash). Selected ashes were combined with raw biomass and Portland Cement, CEM 1 and exposed to CO2. The use of CEM 1 in the carbonated products was offset by the CO2 mineralised (i.e. samples were ‘carbon negative’, even when 10% w/w CEM 1 was used); furthermore, biomass ashes were a suitable substitute for CEM 1 up to 50% w/w. The approach is conceptually simple, scalable, and can be applicable to a wide range of biomass ashes in a closed ‘emission-capture’ process ‘loop’. An extrapolation of potential for CO2 offset in Europe provides an estimate of CO2 sequestration potential to 2030

Development of decadal (1985–1995–2005) land use and land cover database for India

India has experienced significant Land-Use and Land-Cover Change (LULCC) over the past few decades. In this context, careful observation and mapping of LULCC using satellite data of high to medium spatial resolution is crucial for understanding the long-term usage patterns of natural resources and facilitating sustainable management to plan, monitor and evaluate development. The present study utilizes the satellite images to generate national level LULC maps at decadal intervals for 1985, 1995 and 2005 using onscreen visual interpretation techniques with minimum mapping unit of 2.5 hectares. These maps follow the classification scheme of the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme (IGBP) to ensure compatibility with other global/regional LULC datasets for comparison and integration. Our LULC maps with more than 90% overall accuracy highlight the changes prominent at regional level, i.e., loss of forest cover in central and northeast India, increase of cropland area in Western India, growth of peri-urban area, and relative increase in plantations. We also found spatial correlation between the cropping area and precipitation, which in turn confirms the monsoon dependent agriculture system in the country. On comparison with the existing global LULC products (GlobCover and MODIS), it can be concluded that our dataset has captured the maximum cumulative patch diversity frequency indicating the detailed representation that can be attributed to the on-screen visual interpretation technique. Comparisons with global LULC products (GlobCover and MODIS) show that our dataset captures maximum landscape diversity, which is partly attributable to the on-screen visual interpretation techniques. We advocate the utility of this database for national and regional studies on land dynamics and climate change research. The database would be updated to 2015 as a continuing effort of this study