A Map of Update Constraints in Inductive Inference

We investigate how different learning restrictions reduce learning power and how the different restrictions relate to one another. We give a complete map for nine different restrictions both for the cases of complete information learning and set-driven learning. This completes the picture for these well-studied \emph{delayable} learning restrictions. A further insight is gained by different characterizations of \emph{conservative} learning in terms of variants of \emph{cautious} learning. Our analyses greatly benefit from general theorems we give, for example showing that learners with exclusively delayable restrictions can always be assumed total.Comment: fixed a mistake in Theorem 21, result is the sam

PRORAČUN ČELIČNIH TANKOSTIJENIH NOSAČA PREMA EN 1993-1-3

Osnovni problem čeličnih tankostijenih nosača, lokalni instabilitet dijelova poprečnog presjeka koji se nalaze u tlaku, može se riješiti povoljnim profiliranjem (ukrućivanjem) poprečnog presjeka nosača. Optimizacijom rasporeda ukrućenja u poprečnom presjeku može se u potpunosti spriječiti lokalni instabilitet te time povećati otpornost nosača bez dodatnog utroška materijala.Veliki utjecaj na otpornost ovakvih nosača, osim ukrućenja, može imati i pridržanje pojasnice profiliranim limom. U članku su prikazani normirani postupci kojima se na brz i jednostavan način može proračunati utjecaj ukrućenja i utjecaj pridržanja pojasnice nosača pokrovnim limom. Konkretnim primjerom kvantificiran je utjecaj ukrućenja i pridržanja pojasnice C podrožnice trapeznim limom. Naglašene su mogućnosti suvremene norme EN 1993-1-3, koje uz malo dodatnog projektantskog napora na jednostavan način omogućuju znatnu uštedu koja se može polučiti iz realnog razmatranja tankostijenih profila

An interoperable and standardized protocol for reporting systematic conservation planning projects

Systematic conservation planning ( SCP ) is an operational and scientific framework that assists in deciding where, how, and when to implement conservation intervention. Studies using SCP approaches have proliferated due to their immediate relevance for applied conservation. For example, they can help identify cost‐effective opportunities for expanding areas under conservation management to achieve high‐level policy goals such as those of the Global Biodiversity Framework. Yet SCP can be conducted in various ways, and results can vary depending on problem formulation, parameterizations, contexts, and prioritization approaches. There is a need to facilitate comparison of SCP studies to understand key criteria and assumptions made in the planning process. Here, we propose a standardized reporting protocol for SCP that is readily applicable across study aims, realms, and spatial scales. The new Overview and Design Protocol for Systematic Conservation Planning ( ODPSCP ) describes the key steps from the design to the computational stages of SCP . It enables researchers, scientific editors, and decision‐ and policymakers to assess the scope and comprehensiveness of SCP exercises. To facilitate uptake and ease of reporting, the protocol is openly available through an interactive web interface and which can be further enhanced following methodological advancements in conservation planning. We encourage the conservation community to adopt the reporting protocol to promote transparency and reproducibility, standardized reporting as well as facilitate peer review and independent evaluation

Emerging themes to support ambitious UK marine biodiversity conservation

Healthy marine ecosystems provide a wide range of resources and services that support life on Earth and contribute to human wellbeing. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are accepted as an important tool for the restoration and maintenance of marine ecosystem structure, function, health and ecosystem integrity through the conservation of significant species, habitats, or entire ecosystems. In recent years there has been a rapid expansion in the area of ocean designated as an MPA. Despite this progress in spatial protection targets and the progressive knowledge of the essential interdependence between the human and the ocean system, marine biodiversity continues to decline, placing in jeopardy the range of ecosystem services benefits humans rely on. There is a need to address this shortcoming. Ambitious marine conservation:• Requires a shift from managing individual marine features within MPAs to whole-sites to enable repair and renewal of marine systems;• Reflects an ambition for sustainable livelihoods by fully integrating fisheries management with conservation (Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management) as the two are critically interdependent;• Establishes a world class and cost effective ecological and socio-economic monitoring and evaluation framework that includes the use of controls and sentinel sites to improve sustainability in marine management; and• Challenges policy makers and practitioners to be progressive by integrating MPAs into the wider seascape as critical functional components rather than a competing interest and move beyond MPAs as the only tool to underpin the benefits derived from marine ecosystems by identifying other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) to establish synergies with wider governance frameworks

Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Water Soluble Ruthenium(II) and Osmium(II) Complexes Bearing Chelating Sulfonated N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands

The synthesis of highly water soluble ruthenium(II) and osmium(II) complexes based on chelating N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands bearing sulfonated side chains is reported. The complexes are easily accessible in very good yields via synthesis of silver-bis(NHC) complexes and subsequent reaction with [(p-cymene)MCl2](2)