Pengaruh Konseling Farmasis Terhadap Pengetahuan Dan Kepatuhan Pasien HIV/AIDS Di Poliklinik VCT RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

Permasalahan dalam pengobatan HIV/AIDS sangat kompleks, hal ini dikarenakan perjalanan penyakit yang cukup panjang dengan sistem imunitas yang menurun secara progresif dan munculnya beberapa penyakit infeksi oportunitis secara bersamaan. Terapi ARV adalah salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh. Terapi ARV membutuhkan kepatuhan yang tinggi agar tujuan dari terapi tercapai dan mampu meningkatkan kualitas hidup Farmasis berada pada posisi yang sangat baik untuk membantu pasien mengatasi masalah terkait kepatuhan melalui konseling dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan pasien terkait pengobatan dan penyakitnya. Telah dilakukan penelitian quasi-eksperimental dengan konsep single pretest-postets design untuk menilai pengaruh konseling farmasis terhadap pengetahuan dan kepatuhan pasien HIV/AIDS di Poliklinik VCT RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Pengetahuan dan kepatuhan dinilai dengan menggunakan kuesioner pada pertemuan pertama dan kedua. Sebanyak 124 pasien menjadi responden pada penelitian ini. Analisa data menggunakan Wilcoxon test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan pengetahuan yang signifikan (p=0,00) dan kepatuhan (p=0,00) responden sebelum dan setelah konseling farmasis. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya pengaruh positif konseling farmasis terhadap pengetahuan dan kepatuhan pasien HIV/AIDS

Pengaturan Hukum Internasional Tentang Tanggungjawab Negara Dalam Pencemaran Udara Lintas Batas

Frequent environmental damage, environmental damage is not a problem to be a novelty in the worl of International. Particularly deforestation occurred in Riau consequently perceived by people around the forest and surrounding communities Sumatra and also covers aspects of the country off limits resulting in losses for communities neighboring Indonesian citizens. Forest fires in Indonesian has resulted in air pollution in some countries, Malaysia and Singapore in particular countries. Smog problem of forest fires in Riau has become an International issue because the case raises pollution in neighboring Malaysia and Singapore to protest against Indonesian over the cross-border isssues. In the completion of this environmental problem first needs to know which is the principle of state responsibility under International law to make it easier to understand, and need to know what are the settings associated with smoga pollution in the sphere of Internationall environmental law. If both are known, it will be easier to know what kind of responsibility do Indonesia associated with smog that cuts across disturbing neighboring. Therefore, legal research methods applied in writing is to use normative research is research that perform searches against the legal norms contained in the applicable rules of dispute resolution such as charter United Nations, Geneva Conventions and Declarations Stockholm and other sources as well obtain materials with library research. The ultimately resulted in the writing of some the conclutions that transboundary air pollution problems can be solved by means of peace, without having to bring to the International Court of Justice as well as fixed priority no party weighed no party, either party to the state that suffered environmental damage, as well as countries that felt the impact of the environmental damage. Because of the environmental issues become issues that must be dealt with together, with respect to International cooperation in the field of International environmental move

Radio Detection of High Energy Particles: Coherence Versus Multiple Scales

Radio Cherenkov emission underlines detection of high energy particles via a signal growing like the particle-energy-squared. Cosmic ray-induced electromagnetic showers are a primary application. While many studies have treated the phenomenon approximately, none have attempted to incorporate all the physical scales involved in problems with time- or spatially- evolving charges. We find it is possible to decompose the calculated fields into the product of a form factor, characterizing a moving charge distribution, multiplying a general integral which depends on the charge evolution. In circumstances of interest for cosmic ray physics, the resulting expressions can be evaluated explicitely in terms of a few parameters obtainable from shower codes. The classic issues of Frauhofer and Fresnel zones play a crucial role in the coherence.Comment: 25 pages, 10 figure

ANALISIS KEUNGGULAN KOMPARATIF USAHATANI KOPI DI KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW MENGGUNAKAN POLICY ANALYSIS MATRIX (PAM)

The research has been done in Bolaang Mongondow. The aim of the research are to know the comparative advantage of coffee in Bolaang Mongondow North Sulawesi which is analized by Domestic Resource Cost Ratio (DRCR) value and to know the input and output price changes and its impact to the coffee farming comparative advantage. The area of research is selected by purposive method in Bolaang-Mongondow Regencies which are the production centre of coffee. The primarydata are collected through interview with 20 coffee farmers while the secondary data are gained from related institutions. Descriptive analysis using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) was implemented in the research to know the comparative advantage value. Sensitivity analysis is used to determine the impact of prices changing to Domestic Resource Cost Ratio (DRCR). The result shows that coffee farming in Bolaang Mongondow has a comparative advantage which is indicated by the value of DRCR 0,0791. Both Private and Social benefit value are profitable. The p rivate benefit is Rp.5.821.590 and social benefit is Rp. 5.525.338

PENYULUHAN ANTI-DISKRIMINASI UNTUK MASA DEPAN YANG LEBIH BAIK BAGI SISWA-SISWI SMA YAYASAN PERGURUAN MARKUS MEDAN

Diskriminasi terhadap siswa dari kelompok minoritas sosial, seperti yang terjadi di SMA Swasta Markus Medan, merupakan tantangan serius dalam menciptakan lingkungan pendidikan inklusif dan adil. Ketimpangan perlakuan berdasarkan latar belakang sosial, budaya, atau kemampuan siswa menghambat perkembangan akademis, psikologis, dan hubungan sosial yang sehat. Pendidikan inklusif yang menghargai keberagaman dan memberikan dukungan yang adil sangat diperlukan untuk memastikan setiap siswa berkembang dalam lingkungan aman, nyaman, dan mendukung. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat menggunakan metode observasi, presentasi PowerPoint, video edukasi, serta sesi diskusi untuk meningkatkan kesadaran siswa terhadap anti-diskriminasi. Sekolah memiliki tanggung jawab menciptakan lingkungan inklusif di mana keberagaman dihargai dan setiap siswa diperlakukan secara setara. Dengan melibatkan siswa, orang tua, dan masyarakat, pendidikan dapat berperan dalam membangun budaya toleransi dan keadilan sosial. Saran untuk mengatasi isu diskriminasi mencakup penguatan kebijakan inklusif, integrasi pendidikan anti-diskriminasi dalam kurikulum, serta pelatihan rutin bagi guru dan staf sekolah. Dengan langkah-langkah ini, diharapkan diskriminasi dapat ditekan, sehingga semua siswa berkembang secara setara tanpa memandang latar belakang sosial atau budaya mereka

Impaired flow-induced arterial remodeling in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats

Arteries from young healthy animals respond to chronic changes in blood flow and blood pressure by structural remodeling. We tested whether the ability to respond to decreased (-90%) or increased (+100%) blood flow is impaired during the development of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension in rats, a model for an upregulated endothelin-1 system. Mesenteric small arteries (MrA) were exposed to low blood flow (LF) or high blood flow (HF) for 4 or 7 weeks. The bioavailability of vasoactive peptides was modified by chronic treatment of the rats with the dual neutral endopeptidase (NEP)/endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE) inhibitor SOL1. After 3 or 6 weeks of hypertension, the MrA showed hypertrophic arterial remodeling (3 weeks: media cross-sectional area (mCSA): 10 +/- 1 x 10(3) to 17 +/- 2 x 10(3) mu m(2); 6 weeks: 13 +/- 2 x 10(3) to 24 +/- 3 x 10(3) mu m(2)). After 3, but not 6, weeks of hypertension, the arterial diameter was increased (empty set: 385 +/- 13 to 463 +/- 14 mu m). SOL1 reduced hypertrophy after 3 weeks of hypertension (mCSA: 6 x 10(3) +/- 1 x 10(3) mu m(2)). The diameter of the HF arteries of normotensive rats increased (empty set: 463 +/- 22 mu m) but no expansion occurred in the HF arteries of hypertensive rats (empty set: 471 +/- 16 mu m). MrA from SOL1-treated hypertensive rats did show a significant diameter increase (empty set: 419 +/- 13 to 475 +/- 16 mu m). Arteries exposed to LF showed inward remodeling in normotensive and hypertensive rats (mean empty set between 235 and 290 mu m), and infiltration of monocyte/ macrophages. SOL1 treatment did not affect the arterial diameter of LF arteries but reduced the infiltration of monocyte/ macrophages. We show for the first time that flow-induced remodeling is impaired during the development of DOCA-salt hypertension and that this can be prevented by chronic NEP/ECE inhibition. Hypertension Research (2012) 35, 1093-1101; doi:10.1038/hr.2012.94; published online 12 July 201

The Swimmer's view: does it really show what it is supposed to show? A retrospective study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>One of the basic principles in the primary survey of a trauma patient is immobilisation of the cervical spine till cleared of any injury. Lateral cervical spine radiograph is one of the important initial radiographic assessments. More than often additional radiographs like the Swimmer's view are necessary for adequate visualisation of the cervical spine. How good is the Swimmer's view in visualisation of the cervical spine after an inadequate lateral cervical spine radiograph?</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>100 Swimmer's view radiographs randomly selected over a 2 year period in trauma patients were included for the study. All the patients had inadequate lateral cervical spine radiographs. The radiographs were assessed with regards to their adequacy by a single observer. The criteria for adequacy were adequate visualisation of the C7 body, C7/T1 junction and the soft tissue shadow.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Only 55% of the radiographs were adequate. None of the inadequate radiographs provided adequate visualisation of the C7 body and the C7/T1 junction. In 42.2% radiographs the soft tissue shadow was unclear. Poor exposure accounted for 53% of the inadequacies while overlapping bones accounted for the rest.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Clearing the cervical spine prior to removing triple immobilisation is essential in a trauma patient. This needs adequate visualisation from C1 to C7/T1 junction. In our study Swimmer's views did not satisfactorily provide adequate visualisation of the cervical spine in trauma patients. We recommend screening the cervical spine by a CT scan when the cervical spine lateral radiographs and Swimmer's views are inadequate.</p