Biological activity of Aronia melanocarpa antioxidants pre-screening in an intervention study design

The beneficial effects of black chokeberry fruits and juices in health promotion and prevention of chronic diseases shown in both epidemiological and dietary intervention studies are often connected with their antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the total phenolics and anthocyanins content, chemical antioxidant activity (DPPH-assay), antioxidant protection in erythrocytes and anti-platelet activity in vitro of three different chokeberry products: commercial and fresh pure chokeberry juice and a crude lyophilized water-ethanol extract of chokeberry fruits, as part of their pre-clinical evaluation. The obtained results indicated differences in chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the investigated products. Cellular effects, including both in vitro anti-platelet and antioxidant effects, were not directly correlated with the chemical antioxidant activity and the results obtained in vitro for antiplatelet effects were only partially consistent with the results obtained in vivo, in a pilot intervention trial. In conclusion, chemical analyses and in vitro experiments on foods and their bioactive substances are a valuable pre-screening tool for the evaluation of their biological activity. However, extrapolation of the obtained results to the in vivo settings is often limited and influenced by the bioavailability and metabolism of native dietary compounds or interactions with differrent molecules within the human body

Effects of glucomannan-enriched, aronia juice-based supplement on cellular antioxidant enzymes and membrane lipid status in subjects with abdominal obesity

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of a 4-week-long consumption of glucomannan-enriched, aronia juice-based supplement on anthropometric parameters, membrane fatty acid profile, and status of antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes obtained from postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity. Twenty women aged 45-65 with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 36.1 ± 4.4 kg/m2 and waist circumference of 104.8 ± 10.1 cm were enrolled. Participants were instructed to consume 100 mL of supplement per day as part of their regular diet. A significant increase in the content of n-3 (P<0.05) polyunsaturated fatty acids in membrane phospholipids was observed, with a marked increase in the level of docosahexaenoic fatty acid (P<0.05). Accordingly, a decrease in the n-6 and n-3 fatty acids ratio was observed (P<0.05). The observed effects were accompanied with an increase in glutathione peroxidase activity (P<0.05). Values for BMI (P<0.001), waist circumference (P<0.001), and systolic blood pressure (P<0.05) were significantly lower after the intervention. The obtained results indicate a positive impact of tested supplement on cellular oxidative damage, blood pressure, and anthropometric indices of obesity. © 2014 Nevena Kardum et al

Patterns and universals of mate poaching across 53 nations : the effects of sex, culture, and personality on romantically attracting another person’s partner

As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, 16,954 participants from 53 nations were administered an anonymous survey about experiences with romantic attraction. Mate poaching--romantically attracting someone who is already in a relationship--was most common in Southern Europe, South America, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe and was relatively infrequent in Africa, South/Southeast Asia, and East Asia. Evolutionary and social-role hypotheses received empirical support. Men were more likely than women to report having made and succumbed to short-term poaching across all regions, but differences between men and women were often smaller in more gender-egalitarian regions. People who try to steal another's mate possess similar personality traits across all regions, as do those who frequently receive and succumb to the poaching attempts by others. The authors conclude that human mate-poaching experiences are universally linked to sex, culture, and the robust influence of personal dispositions.peer-reviewe

Are men universally more dismissing than women? Gender differences in romantic attachment across 62 cultural regions

The authors thank Susan Sprecher (USA), Del Paulhus (Canada), Glenn D. Wilson (England), Qazi Rahman (England), Alois Angleitner (Germany), Angelika Hofhansl (Austria), Tamio Imagawa (Japan), Minoru Wada (Japan), Junichi Taniguchi (Japan), and Yuji Kanemasa (Japan) for helping with data collection and contributing significantly to the samples used in this study.Gender differences in the dismissing form of adult romantic attachment were investigated as part of the International Sexuality Description Project—a survey study of 17,804 people from 62 cultural regions. Contrary to research findings previously reported in Western cultures, we found that men were not significantly more dismissing than women across all cultural regions. Gender differences in dismissing romantic attachment were evident in most cultures, but were typically only small to moderate in magnitude. Looking across cultures, the degree of gender differentiation in dismissing romantic attachment was predictably associated with sociocultural indicators. Generally, these associations supported evolutionary theories of romantic attachment, with smaller gender differences evident in cultures with high–stress and high–fertility reproductive environments. Social role theories of human sexuality received less support in that more progressive sex–role ideologies and national gender equity indexes were not cross–culturally linked as expected to smaller gender differences in dismissing romantic attachment.peer-reviewe

Aktivnost antioksidativnih enzima u eritrocitima zdravih trudnica, trudnica sa preeklampsijom i novorođenčadi

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific syndrome of unknown etiology and represents multisystem disorder. It is characterized by the increased blood pressure, proteinuria, and edema. Preeclampsia is a great risk for both mother and fetus. Disturbances of the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species antioxidants status is considered to be one of the causes of various pathological conditions of the reproductive system, including preeclampsia. The main objective of this study is to determine the activities of superoxide-dismutase and catalase in peripheral blood erythrocytes of the pregnant women with preeclampsia and healthy pregnant women before delivery and umbilical cord blood erythrocytes of their babies immediately after the delivery. The results showed that the activity of superoxide dismutase in erythrocytes were statistically significantly lower in the group of patients with preeclampsia than in healthy pregnant women, as in the group of their babies compared to the babies of healthy pregnant women. Similarly, catalase activity was significantly lower in women with preeclampsia compared to the controls, as well as in erythrocytes of their babies compared to babies of healthy mothers. An observed difference in the antioxidant enzyme activities suggests a putative association between preeclampsia and decreased antioxidant status. Since the direct application of antioxidants did not give expected results of the data presented indicate the opportunity for the prevention of preeclampsia and alleviation of symptoms by dietary measures and life style changes in the population of pregnant women and women of childbearing age, directy targeting the enzymatic antioxidant system.Cilj ovog rada je određivanje aktivnosti superoksid-dizmutaze i katalaze u eritrocitima periferne krvi trudnica sa preeklampsijom i zdravih trudnica pre porođaja i krvi pupčanika njihovih beba neposredno posle porođaja. Preeklampsija je sindrom nepoznate etiologije i podrazumeva multisistemski poremećaj u organizmu trudnice. Karakteriše se povećanjem krvnog pritiska, edemom i proteinurijom i u ozbiljnijim slučajevima može doći do dramatičnog pogoršanja bolesti i ugrožavanja funkcije bubrega, jetre, mozga i hematoloških poremećaja. Preeklampsija predstavlja veliki rizik za zdravlje i majke i ploda. Poremećaj balansa između antioksidanasa i produkcije reaktivnih vrsta kiseonika smatra se jednim od uzroka različitih patoloških stanja reproduktivnog sistema, uključujući i preeklampsiju. Deo enzimskog sistema antioksidativne zaštite organizma čine enzimi superoksid- dizmutaza i katalaza, uključeni u regulaciju nivoa reaktivnih vrsta kiseonika.Dobijeni rezultati pokazali su da je aktivnost superoksid-dizmutaze u eritrocitima statististički značajno niža u grupi ispitanica sa preeklampsijom u odnosu na zdrave trudnice, kao i u grupi beba ispitanica sa preklampsijom u odnosu na bebe zdravih trudnica.Takođe, pokazano je da je aktivnost katalaze u eritrocitima statistički značajno niža kod trudnica sa preeklampsijom u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu, kao i kod njihovih beba u odnosu na bebe zdravih majki. Razlike u aktivnost antioksidativnih enzima u ispitivanim grupama trudnica i njihovih beba ukazuje na povezanost preeklampsije i smanjenog antioksidativnog statusa. S obzirom da primena direktnih antioksidanasa nije dala očekivane rezultate prikazani podaci ukazuju na mogućnost prevencije ili ublažavanja komplikacija izazvanih preklampsijom dijetarnim merama i poboljšanjem stila života trudnica i žena u reproduktivnom periodu, usmerenim na jačanje mehanizama antioksidativne zaštite

Understanding interpersonal relationships and psychopathy

Although psychopathy is widely recognised for its importance in forensic and criminal justice settings, the range of interpersonal relationships that are experienced and engaged in by individuals with psychopathy is understudied. A Rapid Evidence Assessment (Study 1) examined what is known empirically about the nature and quality of relationships for individuals with psychopathy. Affective, Cognitive and Lifestyle Assessment (ACL) interviews and genograms were then analysed in conjunction with Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV) scores to explore the extent, nature, and quality of interpersonal relationships in student and forensic psychiatric samples (Study 2). Quantitative data indicated that total psychopathy score predicted a smaller number of positive interpersonal relationships. Findings regarding Factors 1 and 2 and numbers of positive and negative interpersonal relationships varied between samples. Qualitative analyses demonstrated that psychopathic participants used less positive descriptors than non-psychopathic participants when discussing their interpersonal relationships. Findings are examined with regards to implications for future research

Narcissism and the strategic pursuit of short-term mating : universal links across 11 world regions of the International Sexuality Description Project-2.

Previous studies have documented links between sub-clinical narcissism and the active pursuit of short-term mating strategies (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality, marital infidelity, mate poaching). Nearly all of these investigations have relied solely on samples from Western cultures. In the current study, responses from a cross-cultural survey of 30,470 people across 53 nations spanning 11 world regions (North America, Central/South America, Northern Europe, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, Southeast Asia, and East Asia) were used to evaluate whether narcissism (as measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory; NPI) was universally associated with short-term mating. Results revealed narcissism scores (including two broad factors and seven traditional facets as measured by the NPI) were functionally equivalent across cultures, reliably associating with key sexual outcomes (e.g., more active pursuit of short-term mating, intimate partner violence, and sexual aggression) and sex-related personality traits (e.g., higher extraversion and openness to experience). Whereas some features of personality (e.g., subjective well-being) were universally associated with socially adaptive facets of Narcissism (e.g., self-sufficiency), most indicators of short-term mating (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality and marital infidelity) were universally associated with the socially maladaptive facets of narcissism (e.g., exploitativeness). Discussion addresses limitations of these cross-culturally universal findings and presents suggestions for future research into revealing the precise psychological features of narcissism that facilitate the strategic pursuit of short-term mating

Efekti ekstrakta bele imele na markere aktivacije i agregacije trombocita

BACKGROUND: Viscum album preparations are extensively used as complementary therapy in cancer and are shown to exert antitumor activities which involve the cytotoxic properties, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis and several other immunomodulatory mechanisms. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the eft fects of mistletoe extract on platelet as well as monocyte functions, as an important factors in immunomodulation of cancers metas tatic potencial and angiogenesis in tumors. METHODS: The effect of different concentrations of mistletoe extract on agonist-induced platelet activation markers and their aggregation with leukocytes was examined in the blood of healthy subjects ( n = 6 ) using flow cytometry. Effects on LPS -induced activation markers was det ermined in the blood of healthy subj ects as well as on THP- 1 cell line using an ELISA essays and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Mistletoe extract significantly inhibited agonist induced P selectin expression and platelet-monocytes aggregation. Additionally, mistletoe extract exerts anti-tumor effect through the stimulation of TNF-a production in LPS induced monocytes activation. CONCLUSION: Obtained data demonstrate that mistletoe extract was effective in modulating platelet and monocyte functions, as a part of pleiotropic anticancer effect.UVOD: Preparati biljke Viscum album se intenzivno koriste kao komplementarna terapija u lecenju kancera. Mehanizmi antitumorskog delovanja, potvrđeni in vitro, ukljucuju citotoksicno delovanje, indukciju apoptoze, inhibiciju angiogeneze, imunomodulatorno delovanje. CILJ: Cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitivanje uticaja ekstrakta bele imele na funkciju trombocita i monocita kao važnih faktora u imunomodulaciji kancerskog procesa, metastatskom potencijalu i tumorskoj angiogenezi. METODE: Uticaj razlicitih koncentracija ekstrakta bele imele na markere agonistom indukovane aktivacije trombocita i njihove agregacije sa leukocitima ispitivan je u krvi zdravih ispitanika (n=6) primenom protocne citometrije. Uticaj na markere LPS indukovane aktivacije određivan je u krvi ispitanika i kulturi THP-1 celija korišceenjem ELISA eseja i protocne citometrije. REZULTATI: Ekstrakt imele znacajno inhibira ekspresiju P-selektina i trombocitno-monocitnu agregaciju. Pokazana stimulacija produkcije TNF-a u LPS-om aktiviranim monocitima dodatno doprinosi antitumorskom potencijalu. ZAKLJUČAK: Dobijeni rezultati potvrđuju potenci jal ekstrakta imele da modulira trombocitnu i monocitnu funkciju, kao deo pleotropnog antitumorskog delovanja