Inviscid flow field induced by a rotor in ground effect

Integral equations for inviscid flow field induced by rotor in ground effec

Metal-Organic Frameworks in Germany: from Synthesis to Function

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are constructed from a combination of inorganic and organic units to produce materials which display high porosity, among other unique and exciting properties. MOFs have shown promise in many wide-ranging applications, such as catalysis and gas separations. In this review, we highlight MOF research conducted by Germany-based research groups. Specifically, we feature approaches for the synthesis of new MOFs, high-throughput MOF production, advanced characterization methods and examples of advanced functions and properties

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis accounts for approximately 20% of cases of the nephrotic syndrome in children and 40% of such cases in adults, with an estimated incidence of 7 per 1 million.(1) It is the most common primary glomerular disorder causing end-stage renal disease in the United States, with a prevalence of 4%.(2) The cardinal feature is progressive glomerular scarring. Early in the disease course, glomerulosclerosis is both focal, involving a minority of glomeruli, and segmental, affecting a portion of the glomerular globe. With progression, more widespread and global glomerulosclerosis develops. Since the first clinical-pathological studies of the disease in the 1970s,(3) there has been renewed interest because of the increasing incidence of the disease,(4) better understanding of causation, and identification of the podocyte as the major cellular target.(5) The discovery that mutations in podocyte genes are associated with genetic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis has advanced the field of podocyte biology and stimulated new approaches to diagnosis and management.(6

Guest-Induced Flexibility in a Multifunctional Ruthenium-Based Metal-Organic Framework

We present a new example of rare metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) containing ruthenium inorganic building units (IBUs). Advanced characterization techniques such as three-dimensional electron diffraction and in situ powder X-ray diffraction, performed in parallel with adsorption of various gases and vapors, were used to determine the structure and framework dynamics of [Ru2(bzpdc)(bipy)] (bzpdc = 4,4′-benzophenone dicarboxylate, bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine), revealing unique and highly relevant material features: In the 2D nanoporous framework, ruthenium paddle-wheel IBUs are mixed-valent and provide potential open metal sites. Coupled with the flexible behavior of the framework in the form of specific reversible structural transformations and selective gating upon adsorption of various guests, the material is thus ideally suited for sensing or catalytic applications

Anion Exchange and Catalytic Functionalization of the Zirconium-Based Metal-Organic Framework DUT-67

[EN] A postsynthetic treatment with diluted solutions of the inorganic HCl or H2SO4 acids was applied to functionalize the eight connected Zr-based metal-organic framework DUT-67 (DUT = Dresden University of Technology). During the treatment, it is possible to remove and exchange the pristine modulator (formate) by Cl(-)or SO(4)(2-)anions. The position of the chlorine in the crystal structure of DUT-67 after HCl treatment could be determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Moreover, by means of the acidic treatment the polarity of the network as well as its Bronsted acid strength are increased, which have a crucial impact on the catalytic performance. The improved catalytic activity of the acid-treated materials was demonstrated in the esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol.This project received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant No. 641887 (project acronym: DEFNET). The Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (program "Severo Ochoa"), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Project No. MAT2014-52085-C2-1-P), and the German Research Foundation (Project No. KA 1698/19-1) are also acknowledged for financial support.Drache, F.; García Cirujano, F.; Nguyen, KD.; Bon, V.; Senkovska, I.; Llabrés I Xamena, FX.; Kaskel, S. (2018). Anion Exchange and Catalytic Functionalization of the Zirconium-Based Metal-Organic Framework DUT-67. Crystal Growth & Design. 18(9):5492-5500. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.8b00832S5492550018

Current status and future perspectives of lithium metal batteries

With the lithium-ion technology approaching its intrinsic limit with graphite-based anodes, Li metal is recently receiving renewed interest from the battery community as potential high capacity anode for next-generation rechargeable batteries. In this focus paper, we review the main advances in this field since the first attempts in the mid-1970s. Strategies for enabling reversible cycling and avoiding dendrite growth are thoroughly discussed, including specific applications in all-solid-state (inorganic and polymeric), Lithium–Sulfur (Li–S) and Lithium-O2 (air) batteries. A particular attention is paid to recent developments of these battery technologies and their current state with respect to the 2030 targets of the EU Integrated Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) Action 7

Nonlinear optical switching in regioregular porphyrin covalent organic frameworks

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have aroused immense scientific interest as an exhilarating class of porous materials due to their structure tunability and diverse properties. However, understanding of their response towards laser induced nonlinear optical (NLO) applications is in its infancy and demands prompt attention. Herein, we report three novel regioregular porphyrin based porous COFs, Por‐COF‐HH and its dual metalated congeners (Por‐COF‐ZnCu and Por‐COF‐ZnNi) with excellent NLO properties. Notably, intensity dependent NLO switching behavior was observed for these Por‐COFs, which is highly desirable for optical switching and optical limiting devices. Moreover, the efficient π‐conjugation and charge transfer transition in ZnCu‐Por‐COF enable a high nonlinear absorption coefficient (β=4470 cm/GW) and figure of merit (FOM = σ1/σo, 3565) values compared to other state‐of‐art materials including molecular porphyrins (β=~100‐400 cm/GW), metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs; β=~0.3‐0.5 cm/GW) and graphene (β=900 cm/GW)

Caspofungin for post solid organ transplant invasive fungal disease: results of a retrospective observational study

M. Winkler, J. Pratschke, U. Schulz, S. Zheng, M. Zhang, W. Li, M. Lu, D. Sgarabotto, G. Sganga, P. Kaskel, S. Chandwani, L. Ma, J. Petrovic, M. Shivaprakash. Caspofungin for post solid organ transplant invasive fungal disease: results of a retrospective observational study. Transpl Infect Dis 2010: 12: 230–237. All rights reserve

In Situ Monitoring of Unique Switching Transitions in the Pressure Amplifying Flexible Framework Material DUT 49 by High Pressure 129Xe NMR Spectroscopy

The pronounced flexibility of special metal amp; 8722;organic frameworks MOFs , so called soft porous crystals, is attracting increasing research interest. Studies of host amp; 8722;guest interactions in such materials are especially powerful if the measurements are performed in situ. 129Xe NMR spectroscopy is favorable because it provides characteristic, structure sensitive parameters such as chemical shifts. The combination of highpressure xenon adsorption with 129Xe NMR spectroscopy was used to elucidate the adsorption induced phase transitions in the recently discovered pressure amplifying framework material DUT 49, showing a unique negative gas adsorption NGA transition. In the open pore state, DUT 49op exhibits a hierarchical pore system involving both micro and mesopores. After reaching a critical relative pressure of ca. 0.15, adsorbed xenon induces mesopore contraction, resulting in a purely microporous contracted pore phase. This contraction is accompanied by release of xenon from the mesopores. Further increase of the pressure initiates the recovery of the mesopores without any indication of a structural intermediate in the NMR spectra. According to the NMR data, the structural transition induced by xenon is a collective, stepwise phenomenon rather than a continuous process. This is the first time that NGA has been studied by directly monitoring the guest and its interaction with the host framewor