A Sparse Stress Model

Force-directed layout methods constitute the most common approach to draw general graphs. Among them, stress minimization produces layouts of comparatively high quality but also imposes comparatively high computational demands. We propose a speed-up method based on the aggregation of terms in the objective function. It is akin to aggregate repulsion from far-away nodes during spring embedding but transfers the idea from the layout space into a preprocessing phase. An initial experimental study informs a method to select representatives, and subsequent more extensive experiments indicate that our method yields better approximations of minimum-stress layouts in less time than related methods.Comment: Appears in the Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2016

Determination of Optimal Locations and Parameters of Passive Harmonic Filters in Unbalanced Systems Using the Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm

This paper discusses the problem of optimal placement and sizing of passive harmonic filters to mitigate harmonics in unbalanced distribution systems. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear multiobjective optimisation problem and solved using the multiobjective genetic algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested on unbalanced IEEE 13- and 37-bus three-phase systems. The optimal solutions are obtained based on the following objective functions: 1) minimisation of total harmonic distortion in voltage, 2) minimisation of costs of filters, 3) minimisation of voltage unbalances, and 4) a simultaneous minimisation of total harmonic distortion in voltage, costs of filters, and voltage unbalances. Finally, an analysis of the influence of uncertainties of load powers and changes in system frequency and filter parameters on filter efficiency was performed

Optimizing of the cable bedding and the ampacity of underground power cables in trefoil formation by using the gravitational search algorithm

This paper considers the problem of the determination of the optimum values for dimensions of cable trench and cable bedding, interaxial spacings between power cables in trefoil formation and cable ampacities. This non-linear multi-objective optimization problem with constraints is solved by using the gravitational search algorithm (GSA). The procedure used in this paper has allowed the simultaneous inclusion of all control variables into the optimization process and the determination of an optimal solution in accordance with specified optimization criteria. in the present case, the optimal solution is obtained based on the following optimization criteria: (i) minimization of the total installation cost for cable line, (ii) maximization of the cable ampacity and (iii) a simultaneous application of the minimization of the total installation cost for cable line and the maximization of the cable ampacity. The constraints on control variables are introduced through penalty factors which expand the objective function, it is also assumed that the cable ampacity corresponds to a load factor of 0.8. The procedure is carried out with respect to the drying out effect in the soil surrounding the cables

Nonepitaxially grown nanopatterned Co–Pt alloys with out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy

International audienceA study on the structural and magnetic properties of 5-nm-thick Co–Pt alloy films grown on thermally oxidized SiO2/Si(100) substrates as well as on self-assemblies of spherical SiO2 particles with sizes down to 10 nm is presented. An out-of-plane easy axis of magnetization was stabilized at deposition temperatures as low as 250 °C in a broad composition range between 40 and 70 at. % of Pt. Owing to the low deposition temperatures, no chemical long-range order is found. Thus, the strong out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy is expected to be caused by anisotropic short-range order effects. The magnetic behavior of CoPt alloys with an equiatomic composition grown on arrays of SiO2particles was found to be similar to those on planar substrates. Structural investigations using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that a continuous CoPt layer has been formed, covering the particle tops and connecting them. The magnetic CoPt caps exhibit an out-of-plane easy axis for all particle sizes; however, no pronounced difference in coercive field with particle size was observed, which is associated with the specific morphology of the film structure