Влияние времени нанесения на свойства и структуру триполифосфатных покрытий, полученных в условиях интенсивной промывки

Приведены результаты исследований по изучению влияния времени нанесения и интенсивной промывки водой на свойства и структуру химически осажденных на сталь триполифосфатных (ТПФ) покрытий. Построены графические зависимости характеристик физических и химических свойств покрытий с матричной структурой, промытых водой, от времени нанесения. Установлено, что с увеличением времени нанесения в интервале 1 – 10 минут удельная масса матрицы (феррум (III) типолифосфат) и количество гелиеподобного слоя ТПФ Na увеличиваются, дефектность матрицы и количество наполнителя, содержащегося в матрице в виде кристаллов ТПФ Na, уменьшается. Это сопровождается, в целом, увеличением удельной массы, снижением пористости и способствует повышению защитной способности и коррозионной стойкости покрытия в условиях атмосферной коррозии.Наведено результати досліджень з вивчення впливу часу нанесення й інтенсивного промивання водою на властивості та структуру хімічно нанесених на сталь триполіфосфатних (ТПФ) покриттів. Побудовано графічні залежності характеристик фізичних і хімічних властивостей покриттів з матричною будовою, промитих водою, від часу нанесення. Встановлено, що зі збільшенням часу нанесення в інтервалі 1 – 10 хвилин питома маса матриці (ферум (III) триполіфосфат) і кількість гелієподібного шару ТПФ Na збільшуються, дефектність матриці й кількість наповнювача, що міститься в матриці у вигляді кристалів ТПФ Na, зменшується. Це супроводжується, в цілому, збільшенням питомої маси, зниженням пористості й сприяє підвищенню захисної здатності та корозійної стійкості покриття в умовах атмосферної корозії.The studies results of the impact of the application time and intensive water washing on structure аnd properties of tripolyphosphate coatings chemically deposited on steel are given. The graphical dependencies of physical characteristics and chemical properties of coats with matrix structure, washed with water from the application time are built. It is found the specific gravity of the matrix (ferrum (III) tripolyphosphate) and the number of gel-like layer TPР Na increase also matrix defectiveness and filler amount that are contained in the matrix as TPP Na crystals, decreases when ap- plication time increases in the 1-10 minutes interval. This is followed by overall increasing of the specific gravity, porosity decreasing and facilitates increasing of the protective ability and corrosion resistance of the coating under atmospheric corrosion

Quiet Sun magnetic fields at high spatial resolution

We present spectro-polarimetric observations of Inter-Network magnetic fields at the solar disk center. A Fabry-Perot spectrometer was used to scan the two Fe I lines at 6301.5 A and 6302.5 A. High spatial resolution (0.5") magnetograms were obtained after speckle reconstruction. The patches with magnetic fields above noise cover approximately 45% of the observed area. Such large coverage renders a mean unsigned magnetic flux density of some 20 G (or 20 Mx/cm^2), which exceeds all previous measurements. Magnetic signals occur predominantly in intergranular spaces. The systematic difference between the flux densities measured in the two iron lines leads to the conclusion that, typically, we detect structures with intrinsic field strengths larger than 1kG occupying only 2% of the surface

Radiative transfer in moving media II. Solution of the radiative transfer equation in axial symmetry

A new method for the formal solution of the 2D radiative transfer equation in axial symmetry in the presence of arbitrary velocity fields is presented. The combination of long and short characteristics methods is used to solve the radiative transfer equation. We include the velocity field in detail using the Local Lorentz Transformation. This allows us to obtain a significantly better description of the photospheric region, where the gradient of the global velocity is too small for the Sobolev approximation to be valid. Sample test calculations for the case of a stellar wind and a rotating atmosphere are presented.Comment: 11 pages, 19 figures. accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysic

Magnetic properties of photospheric regions having very low magnetic flux

The magnetic properties of the quiet Sun are investigated using a novel inversion code, FATIMA, based on the Principal Component Analysis of the observed Stokes profiles. The stability and relatively low noise sensitivity of this inversion procedure allows for the systematic inversion of large data sets with very weak polarization signal. Its application to quiet Sun observations of network and internetwork regions reveals that a significant fraction of the quiet Sun contains kilogauss fields (usually with very small filling factors) and confirms that the pixels with weak polarization account for most of the magnetic flux. Mixed polarities in the resolution element are also found to occur more likely as the polarization weakens.Comment: To apapear in ApJ. 39 pages, 12 figures (2 of them are color figures

Quantum synthesis of arbitrary unitary operators

Nature provides us with a restricted set of microscopic interactions. The question is whether we can synthesize out of these fundamental interactions an arbitrary unitary operator. In this paper we present a constructive algorithm for realization of any unitary operator which acts on a (truncated) Hilbert space of a single bosonic mode. In particular, we consider a physical implementation of unitary transformations acting on 1-dimensional vibrational states of a trapped ion. As an example we present an algorithm which realizes the discrete Fourier transform.Comment: 6 RevTeX pages with 3 figures, submitted to Phys.Rev.A, see also http://nic.savba.sk/sav/inst/fyzi/qo

Engineering Entanglement between two cavity modes

We present scheme for generation of entanglement between different modes of radiation field inside high-Q superconducting cavities. Our scheme is based on the interaction of a three-level atom with the cavity field for pre-calculated interaction times with each mode. This work enables us to generate complete set of Bell basis states and GHZ state

Quantum-state synthesis of multi-mode bosonic fields: Preparation of arbitrary states of 2-D vibrational motion of trapped ions

We present a universal algorithm for an efficient deterministic preparation of an arbitrary two--mode bosonic state. In particular, we discuss in detail preparation of entangled states of a two-dimensional vibrational motion of a trapped ion via a sequence of laser stimulated Raman transitions. Our formalism can be generalized for multi-mode bosonic fields. We examine stability of our algorithm with respect to a technical noise.Comment: 8 pages, revtex, including 2 ps-figures, section about physical implementation added, references updated, submitted to Phys. Rev. A, computer program available at http://www.savba.sk/sav/inst/fyzi/qo

The GREGOR Fabry-P\'erot Interferometer

The GREGOR Fabry-P\'erot Interferometer (GFPI) is one of three first-light instruments of the German 1.5-meter GREGOR solar telescope at the Observatorio del Teide, Tenerife, Spain. The GFPI uses two tunable etalons in collimated mounting. Thanks to its large-format, high-cadence CCD detectors with sophisticated computer hard- and software it is capable of scanning spectral lines with a cadence that is sufficient to capture the dynamic evolution of the solar atmosphere. The field-of-view (FOV) of 50" x 38" is well suited for quiet Sun and sunspot observations. However, in the vector spectropolarimetric mode the FOV reduces to 25" x 38". The spectral coverage in the spectroscopic mode extends from 530-860 nm with a theoretical spectral resolution R of about 250,000, whereas in the vector spectropolarimetric mode the wavelength range is at present limited to 580-660 nm. The combination of fast narrow-band imaging and post-factum image restoration has the potential for discovery science concerning the dynamic Sun and its magnetic field at spatial scales down to about 50 km on the solar surface.Comment: 14 pages, 17 figures, 4 tables; pre-print of AN 333, p.880-893, 2012 (AN special issue to GREGOR

A retrospective of the GREGOR solar telescope in scientific literature

In this review, we look back upon the literature, which had the GREGOR solar telescope project as its subject including science cases, telescope subsystems, and post-focus instruments. The articles date back to the year 2000, when the initial concepts for a new solar telescope on Tenerife were first presented at scientific meetings. This comprehensive bibliography contains literature until the year 2012, i.e., the final stages of commissioning and science verification. Taking stock of the various publications in peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings also provides the "historical" context for the reference articles in this special issue of Astronomische Nachrichten/Astronomical Notes.Comment: 6 pages, 2 color figures, this is the pre-peer reviewed version of Denker et al. 2012, Astron. Nachr. 333, 81