Barrières pré-zygotiques chez les hybrides entre formes sauvages du niébé, Vigna unguilata (L.) Walp.

Hybrids pre-zygotic barriers between wild forms of cowpea. The wild forms of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, constitute an important gene pool insufficiently exploited for the improvement of the cultivated form. In order to promote the use of these wild forms in the genetic improvement programmes, we undertook to understand the various incompatibility reactions which appear in the crosses between wild forms. Efforts were concentrated to understand the incompatibility barriers in the hybridizations between subsp. baoulensis NI 933 and the other wild forms of V. unguiculata. Thanks to the use of the aniline blue fluorescence, we observed a high frequency of pre-zygotic barriers. They appear in three sites, i.e. the higher and lower third of the style, and within the ovary. However, these incompatibility barriers are not absolute. Indeed, in our hybridizations, more than 4% of the ovules were fertilized in the various studied combinations

Hybrids pre-zygotic barriers between wild forms of cowpea.

peer reviewe

Using conjoint analysis to estimate farmers' preferences for cattle traits in West Africa

This paper estimates the preferences of farmers for cattle traits in southern Burkina Faso using Conjoint analysis, a survey-based system for measuring preferences for multiple-attribute goods. Here the technique is used in the context of a West African country where literacy is low, where cattle perform multiple functions, where low-input management is the norm, and where cattle are exposed to a number of tropical diseases and other environmental stresses. The results reflect the production practices of the region, suggesting that important traits in developing breed improvement programs should include disease resistance, fitness for traction and reproductive performance. Beef and milk production are less important traits. The study shows the potential usefulness of conjoint analysis for quantifying preferences in less developed countries for livestock and for the wide variety of other multiple-attribute goods. Distinguishing differences in preferences between groups of respondents in connection with specific locations and production systems can be used to promote conservation-through-use of breeds at risk of extinction

Detection and identification of pathogenic trypanosome species in tsetse flies along the Comoe River in Cote d'Ivoire

In order to identify pathogenic trypanosomes responsible for African trypanosomiasis, and to better understand tsetse-trypanosome relationships, surveys were undertaken in three sites located in different eco-climatic areas in Cote d'Ivoire during the dry and rainy seasons. Tsetse flies were caught during five consecutive days using biconical traps, dissected and microscopically examined looking for trypanosome infection. Samples from infected flies were tested by PCR using specific primers for Trypanosoma brucei s.l., T. congolense savannah type, T. congolense forest type and T. vivax. Of 1941 tsetse flies caught including four species, i.e. Glossina palpalis palpalis, G. p. gambiensis, G. tachinoides and G. medicorum, 513 (26%) were dissected and 60 (12%) were found positive by microscopy. Up to 41% of the infections were due to T. congolense savannah type, 30% to T. vivax, 20% to T. congolense forest type and 9% due to T. brucei s.l. All four trypanosome species and subgroups were identified from G. tachinoides and G. p. palpalis, while only two were isolated from G. p. gambiensis (T. brucei s.l., T. congolense savannah type) and G. medicorum (T. congolense forest, savannah types). Mixed infections were found in 25% of cases and all involved T. congolense savannah type with another trypanosome species. The simultaneous occurrence of T. brucei s.l., and tsetse from the palpalis group may suggest that human trypanosomiasis can still be a constraint in these localities, while high rates of T. congolense and T. vivax in the area suggest a potential risk of animal trypanosomiasis in livestock along the Comoe River

Effect of an integrated intervention package of preventive chemotherapy, community-led total sanitation and health education on the prevalence of helminth and intestinal protozoa infections in Côte d'Ivoire

Preventive chemotherapy with donated anthelminthic drugs is the cornerstone for the control of helminthiases. However, reinfection can occur rapidly in the absence of clean water and sanitation coupled with unhygienic behaviour. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of an integrated package of interventions, consisting of preventive chemotherapy, community-led total sanitation (CLTS) and health education, on the prevalence of helminth and intestinal protozoa infections and on participants' knowledge, attitude, practice and beliefs (KAPB) towards these diseases including water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH).; A cross-sectional survey was carried out in nine communities of south-central Côte d'Ivoire to assess people's infection with helminths and intestinal protozoa and KAPB. Subsequently, interventions were targeted to five communities, while the remaining communities served as control. The intervention encouraged latrine construction and an evaluation was done 6-7 months later to determine open defecation status of the respective communities. Anthelminthic treatment was provided to all community members. A follow-up cross-sectional survey was conducted approximately one year later, using the same procedures.; Overall, 810 people had complete baseline and follow-up data and were given anthelminthic treatment. The baseline prevalence of hookworm, Schistosoma haematobium, Trichuris trichiura, Schistosoma mansoni and Ascaris lumbricoides was 31.1%, 7.0%, 2.0%, 1.0% and 0.3%, respectively. Four of the five intervention communities were classified open-defecation free. For hookworm infection, we observed higher negative changes in terms of proportion of decrease (-0.10; 95% confidence interval (CI): - 0.16, -0.04) and higher egg reduction rate (64.9 vs 15.2%) when comparing intervention with control communities. For intestinal protozoa, prevalence reduction was higher in intervention compared to control communities (8.2 vs 2.6%) and WASH indicators and intervention outcomes associated with lower odds for infection at follow-up. The intervention significantly impacted on reported latrine use (before: 15.5%, after: 94.6%), open defecation in the community surroundings (before: 75.0%, after: 16.7%) and awareness for environmental contamination through open defecation (before: 20.4%, after: 52.2%).; An integrated package of interventions consisting of preventive chemotherapy, health education and CLTS reduces the prevalence of helminth and intestinal protozoa infection. Additional studies in other social-ecological settings are warranted to confirm our findings

Impact de l\'éclaircie sur la régénération naturelle des essences princpales, dans la forêt classée de Bossematié (Côte d\'Ivoire)

L\'éclaircie a été réalisée dans la forêt classée de Bossematié, pour faciliter la régénération des essences principales. Cette étude, a pour objectif d\'évaluer les impacts du traitement sylvicole, sur la régénération naturelle de la catégorie des espèces principales de meilleure qualité (P1), de la catégorie des espèces principales de qualité moyenne (P2) et de la catégorie des espèces principales de moindre qualité (P3), dix ans après son application. À cet effet, la méthode de relevé de surface a été appliquée en utilisant les grixels, pour collecter les données sur le terrain. L\'évaluation des effets de l\'éclaircie a été réalisée à travers la richesse floristique, la diversité spécifique, les densités totales et moyennes. Les indices de diversité spécifique de Shannon-Weaver et d\'équitabilité et le test t de Student ont permis d\'analyser les données. Le test t de Student a montré que dix ans après la pratique de l\'éclaircie, elle n\'a eu aucun effet sur la régénération des espèces principales dans la zone éclaircie.Thinnig has been achieved in forêt classée de Bossematié, to facilitate the regeneration of the main species. This study, aims to evaluate the impacts of the forestry treatment, on the natural regeneration of the category of main species of best quality (P1), the category of main species of medium quality (P2) and the category of main species of less quality (P3), ten years after its application. For that to make, we collected the data with the help of the grixels. The evaluation of thinning effects was carried out through the floristic richness, specific diversity, the total and average densities. The indices of specific diversity of Shannon-Weaver and equitability, the test T of Student made it possible to analyze the data. The test T of Student showed those ten years after the practice of the thinning, it did not have any effect on regeneration of the main species in the cleared area. Keywords: Éclaircie sélective, dévitalisation, régénération naturelle, essences principales, forêt semi-décidue, Bossematié, Côte d\'Ivoire./Selective thinning, removal, natural regeneration, main species, semi-deciduous forest, Bossematié, Côte d\'Ivoire.Sciences & Nature Vol. 4 (1) 2007: pp. 27-3

Tumeurs primitives de la fosse ischiorectale : Diagnostic et traitement à propos de 07 observations à Abidjan

But : cette étude rétrospective se propose d’exposer le diagnostic et les résultats thérapeutiques concernant les tumeurs primitives de la fosse ischio rectale. Patients et méthode : De 2019 à 2023 nous avons traité 04 femmes et 03 hommes pour tumeur primitive de la fosse ischio-rectale. L’âge moyen était de 48,8 ans. Parmi les femmes, 03 étaient ménopausées. Nous avons étudié, les manifestations cliniques, les moyens diagnostiques, et les résultats du traitement chirurgical. Résultats : Le motif de consultation était dominé par la proctalgie (n=3) qui était associée à une dyspareunie dans 02 cas. L’examen physique retrouvait une masse para-anale dans 04 cas. La coloscopie était peu contributive tandis que, l’IRM demeurait le maître examen. L’histologie était en faveur des tumeurs malignes (n=4). La résection chirurgicale était la règle et la voie périnéale antérieur était la voie d’abord principale. L’évolution Après recul de 04 ans, est marquée par 04 survivants sans récidive tumorale. Conclusion : La tumeur de la FIR est une tumeur rare. La tumeur maligne a dominé parmi nos cas. L’expression clinique dépend du stade de la maladie. La résection chirurgicale périnéale antérieure est possible. La taille de notre échantillon ne nous permettait pas d’élucider les facteurs favorisants. L’IRM devrait être systématique devant toute proctalgie d’adulte.   Purpose: this retrospective study aims to present the diagnosis and therapeutic results concerning primary tumors of the ischio-rectal fossa. Patients and method: From 2019 to 2023 we treated 4 women and 3 men for primary tumor of the ischiorectal fossa. The average age was 48.8 years. Among the women, 03 were postmenopausal. We studied the clinical manifestations, the diagnostic means, and the results of surgical treatment. Results : The reason for consultation was dominated by proctalgia (n=3) which was associated with dyspareunia in 02 cases. The physical examination found a para-anal mass in 04 cases. Colonoscopy made little contribution while MRI remained the main examination. Histology was in favor of malignant tumors (n=4). Surgical resection was the rule and the anterior perineal route was the main approach. The evolution after 04 years, is marked by 04 survivors without tumor recurrence. Conclusion: The FIR tumor is a rare tumor. Malignant tumor dominated among our cases. The clinical expression depends on the stage of the disease. Anterior perineal surgical resection is possible. The size of our sample did not allow us to elucidate the contributing factors. MRI should be systematic in any adult proctalgia

Tumeurs primitives de la fosse ischiorectale : Diagnostic et traitement à propos de 07 observations à Abidjan

But : cette étude rétrospective se propose d’exposer le diagnostic et les résultats thérapeutiques concernant les tumeurs primitives de la fosse ischio rectale. Patients et méthode : De 2019 à 2023 nous avons traité 04 femmes et 03 hommes pour tumeur primitive de la fosse ischio-rectale. L’âge moyen était de 48,8 ans. Parmi les femmes, 03 étaient ménopausées. Nous avons étudié, les manifestations cliniques, les moyens diagnostiques, et les résultats du traitement chirurgical. Résultats : Le motif de consultation était dominé par la proctalgie (n=3) qui était associée à une dyspareunie dans 02 cas. L’examen physique retrouvait une masse para-anale dans 04 cas. La coloscopie était peu contributive tandis que, l’IRM demeurait le maître examen. L’histologie était en faveur des tumeurs malignes (n=4). La résection chirurgicale était la règle et la voie périnéale antérieur était la voie d’abord principale. L’évolution Après recul de 04 ans, est marquée par 04 survivants sans récidive tumorale. Conclusion : La tumeur de la FIR est une tumeur rare. La tumeur maligne a dominé parmi nos cas. L’expression clinique dépend du stade de la maladie. La résection chirurgicale périnéale antérieure est possible. La taille de notre échantillon ne nous permettait pas d’élucider les facteurs favorisants. L’IRM devrait être systématique devant toute proctalgie d’adulte.   Purpose: this retrospective study aims to present the diagnosis and therapeutic results concerning primary tumors of the ischio-rectal fossa. Patients and method: From 2019 to 2023 we treated 4 women and 3 men for primary tumor of the ischiorectal fossa. The average age was 48.8 years. Among the women, 03 were postmenopausal. We studied the clinical manifestations, the diagnostic means, and the results of surgical treatment. Results : The reason for consultation was dominated by proctalgia (n=3) which was associated with dyspareunia in 02 cases. The physical examination found a para-anal mass in 04 cases. Colonoscopy made little contribution while MRI remained the main examination. Histology was in favor of malignant tumors (n=4). Surgical resection was the rule and the anterior perineal route was the main approach. The evolution after 04 years, is marked by 04 survivors without tumor recurrence. Conclusion: The FIR tumor is a rare tumor. Malignant tumor dominated among our cases. The clinical expression depends on the stage of the disease. Anterior perineal surgical resection is possible. The size of our sample did not allow us to elucidate the contributing factors. MRI should be systematic in any adult proctalgia

Tumeurs primitives de la fosse ischiorectale : Diagnostic et traitement à propos de 07 observations à Abidjan

But : Le but de cette étude était de rapporter les aspects diagnostics et les résultats de la prise en charge des tumeurs primitives de la fosse ischio rectale. Patients et méthode : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale à collecte de données rétrospective étalée de février 2019 à décembre 2023 dans le service de Chirurgie digestive et proctologique du CHU de Treichville. Nous avions étudié, les manifestations cliniques, les moyens diagnostiques, et les résultats du traitement chirurgical. Ont été inclus dans l’étude, les dossiers des malades suivis pour une tumeur primitive de la fosse ischio-rectale. Résultats : Nous avions colligé sept (7) patients pris en charge pour tumeurs primitives de la fosse ischio-rectale. Il s’agissait de 4 femmes et 3 hommes. L’âge moyen était de 48,8 ans, la médiane était de 50 ans et un écart-type de 14,4. Une prédominance féminine avec un sex ratio de 1, 33. Le motif de consultation était dominé par la proctalgie (n=3) qui était associée à une dyspareunie dans 2 cas. L’examen physique retrouvait une masse para-anale dans 4 cas. L’anorectoscopie était peu contributive. L’IRM demeurait le maître examen. L’histologie était en faveur des tumeurs malignes chez 4 patients. La résection chirurgicale était la règle et la voie périnéale antérieure était la voie d’abord principale. L’évolution Après recul de 4 ans, était marquée par 04 patients vivants en bonne santé apparente sans poursuite ni récidive tumorale. Conclusion : La tumeur de fosse ischio-rectale est une tumeur rare. L’expression clinique dépend du stade de la maladie. La tumeur maligne a dominé dans cette série. La résection chirurgicale périnéale antérieure est possible. L’imagerie par résonnance magnétique devrait être systématique devant toute proctalgie d’adulte. Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the diagnostic aspects and results of the management of primary tumors of the ischio-rectal fossa. Patients and method: This was a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection spread from February 2019 to December 2023 in the digestive and proctological surgery department of the Treichville University Hospital. We studied the clinical manifestations, the diagnostic means, and the results of surgical treatment. The files of patients followed for a primary tumor of the ischiorectal fossa were included in the study. Results: We collected seven (7) patients treated for primary tumors of the ischiorectal fossa. There were 4 women and 3 men. The mean age was 48.8 years, the median was 50 years, and the standard deviation was 14.4. A female predominance with a sex ratio of 1.33. The reason for consultation was dominated by proctalgia (n=3) which was associated with dyspareunia in 2 cases. Physical examination revealed a para-anal mass in 4 cases. Anorectoscopy was of little help. The MRI remained the master examination. Histology was in favor of malignant tumors in 4 patients. Surgical resection was the rule and the anterior perineal route was the main approach. The evolution after 4 years, was marked by 04 living patients in apparent good health without continuation or tumor recurrence. Conclusion: Ischiorectal fossa tumor is a rare tumor. The clinical expression depends on the stage of the disease. The malignant tumor dominated in this series. Anterior perineal surgical resection is possible. Magnetic resonance imaging should be systematic for any adult proctalgia