On some problems of analysis and assessment of the influence of the human factor on the safety of technical systems

Objective. The purpose of the theoretical research of the article is to formulate and describe cases in which it is possible to conduct correlation and other types of analysis for some situations to quantify the impact of the human factor on safety of technical systems using plausible patterns and statistical distributions, to consider some problems and reliability issues that arise in the course of solving such problems.Method. Some cases of possible application of the chi-square distribution to assess the impact of the human factor on safety of systems with the participation of people in technological operations are presented.Result. Approach on using of agreement criterium of chi-square, explanations and recommendations on the implementation of expert research in this area are offered for analysis and assessment.Conclusion. The article considers the conditions and describes the possibilities for carrying out some types of analysis in assessing the impact of the human factor on the functioning of technical systems

About the Assessment of Group aspects of the Human factor influence on Safety of Technical systems

Objective. The purpose of theoretical research is the need to formulate and describe additional approaches and topical issues and tasks when conducting an expert assessment of group (collective) aspects of the human factor's influence on the safety of technical systems.Method. The paper considers the methodology of assessment based on the use of the Gauss distribution for the statistical description of cases of the influence of the human factor on safety, shows the relationship between individual and group aspects.Result. Examples are given and explanations are given for the application of a quantitative assessment of the influence of the human factor on the safety of technical systems, taking into account the consideration of safety culture, different levels of professionalism of employees, organizational measures taken, the possibilities of the method and its potential tasks are formulated.Conclusion. The use of statistical distributions to describe the impact of the human factor on safety makes it possible to combine and describe the relationship between individual and group aspects of the phenomenon. This allows the expert to carry out quantitative assessments, modeling and make predictions on the level of safety culture in the organization and the effectiveness of production management or technical systems

On the hypothesis of the equation for technical system state

Objective. The objective of the study is to formulate and demonstrate potential additional expert capabilities and a hypothesis to improve the quality of technical system projects by combining the analysis of technical characteristics of the project and human factor influence parameters. Method. The paper considers obtaining invariant relationships for some characteristics of technical systems, on the basis of which a hypothesis of the equation of state of a technical system is formulated. Result. Auxiliary analytical approaches have been developed to compare individual operational parameters of projects, conduct an expert assessment of technical systems of projects, devices and technologies. The use of the hypothesis of the equation of state of a technical system allows for expert assessments of the safety of a technical system. Conclusion. The use of additional expert approaches and hypotheses allows for the accumulation of experience in expert assessments, correlation analysis of data, determination of potential capabilities in the context of further modifications and upgrades of technical systems of the project, development of improved operational forecasts and strategies, and adoption of adequate management decisions

Самостоятельная работа студентов как фактор самообразования и развития познавательных способностей личности

The main purpose of the paper is to show the role of independent work for provision ,of high student’s progress in studies and his self-education as a demand of permanent perfection of the experience. The paper may be used for organization of teaching and educational work with students. Основная цель статьи - показать роль самостоятельной работы в обеспечении высокой успеваемости студента и его самообразовании как потребности в постоянном совершенствовании опыта. Может быть использована в организации учебной и воспитательной работы со студентами

О развитии экспертных возможностей для рассмотрения проектов оборудования и технологических решений

The purpose of the research described in the article is to formulate and substantiate the methodology for analyzing quantitative patterns of parameters of projects, devices, systems and technologies, that can be used for relative or rating comparison of projected, planned or applied investigated objects without using long-term experimental or operational data.The proposed approach to the analysis of quantitative patterns makes it possible to conduct a primary assessment of the advantages of innovative technologies, acomparative assessment of the safety of technical complexes, a targeted pre-operational assessment of equipment parameters, and to form planned distinctive parameters for the implementation of experimental and commercial technical projects.Цель исследований, описанных в статье, сформулировать и обосновать методологию анализа количественных закономерностей параметров проектов, устройств, систем и технологий, которые могут быть использованы для относительного или рейтингового сравнения проектируемых, планируемых или применяемых объектов изучения без использования длительной наработки экспериментальных или эксплуатационных данных.Предложенный подход анализа количественных закономерностей позволяет провести первичную оценку преимуществ инновационных технологий, сравнительную оценку безопасности технических комплексов, целевую предэксплуатационую оценку параметров оборудования, сформировать планируемые отличительные параметры для реализации экспериментальных и коммерческих технических проектов

NETIMIS: Dynamic Simulation of Health Economics Outcomes Using Big Data

Many healthcare organizations are now making good use of electronic health record (EHR) systems to record clinical information about their patients and the details of their healthcare. Electronic data in EHRs is generated by people engaged in complex processes within complex environments, and their human input, albeit shaped by computer systems, is compromised by many human factors. These data are potentially valuable to health economists and outcomes researchers but are sufficiently large and complex enough to be considered part of the new frontier of ‘big data’. This paper describes emerging methods that draw together data mining, process modelling, activity-based costing and dynamic simulation models. Our research infrastructure includes safe links to Leeds hospital’s EHRs with 3 million secondary and tertiary care patients. We created a multidisciplinary team of health economists, clinical specialists, and data and computer scientists, and developed a dynamic simulation tool called NETIMIS (Network Tools for Intervention Modelling with Intelligent Simulation; http://www.netimis.com) suitable for visualization of both human-designed and data-mined processes which can then be used for ‘what-if’ analysis by stakeholders interested in costing, designing and evaluating healthcare interventions. We present two examples of model development to illustrate how dynamic simulation can be informed by big data from an EHR. We found the tool provided a focal point for multidisciplinary team work to help them iteratively and collaboratively ‘deep dive’ into big data

The effect of feedback to general practitioners on quality of care for people with type 2 diabetes. A systematic review of the literature

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There have been numerous efforts to improve and assure the quality of treatment and follow-up of people with Type 2 diabetes (PT2D) in general practice. Facilitated by the increasing usability and validity of guidelines, indicators and databases, feedback on diabetes care is a promising tool in this aspect. Our goal was to assess the effect of feedback to general practitioners (GPs) on the quality of care for PT2D based on the available literature.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Systematic review searches were conducted using October 2008 updates of Medline (Pubmed), Cochrane library and Embase databases. Additional searches in reference lists and related articles were conducted. Papers were included if published in English, performed as randomized controlled trials, studying diabetes, having general practice as setting and using feedback to GPs on diabetes care. The papers were assessed according to predefined criteria.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Ten studies complied with the inclusion criteria. Feedback improved the care for PT2D, particularly process outcomes such as foot exams, eye exams and Hba1c measurements. Clinical outcomes like lowering of blood pressure, Hba1c and cholesterol levels were seen in few studies. Many process and outcome measures did not improve, while none deteriorated. Meta analysis was unfeasible due to heterogeneity of the studies included. Two studies used electronic feedback.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Based on this review, feedback seems a promising tool for quality improvement in diabetes care, but more research is needed, especially of electronic feedback.</p

Real-time high-resolution heterodyne-based measurements of spectral dynamics in fibre lasers

Conventional tools for measurement of laser spectra (e.g. optical spectrum analysers) capture data averaged over a considerable time period. However, the generation spectrum of many laser types may involve spectral dynamics whose relatively fast time scale is determined by their cavity round trip period, calling for instrumentation featuring both high temporal and spectral resolution. Such real-time spectral characterisation becomes particularly challenging if the laser pulses are long, or they have continuous or quasi-continuous wave radiation components. Here we combine optical heterodyning with a technique of spatiooral intensity measurements that allows the characterisation of such complex sources. Fast, round-trip-resolved spectral dynamics of cavity-based systems in real-time are obtained, with temporal resolution of one cavity round trip and frequency resolution defined by its inverse (85 ns and 24 MHz respectively are demonstrated). We also show how under certain conditions for quasi-continuous wave sources, the spectral resolution could be further increased by a factor of 100 by direct extraction of phase information from the heterodyned dynamics or by using double time scales within the spectrogram approach

Rates Of Amyloid Imaging Positivity In Patients With Primary Progressive Aphasia

IMPORTANCE The ability to predict the pathology underlying different neurodegenerative syndromes is of critical importance owing to the advent of molecule-specific therapies. OBJECTIVE To determine the rates of positron emission tomography (PET) amyloid positivity in the main clinical variants of primary progressive aphasia (PPA). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective clinical-pathologic case series was conducted at a tertiary research clinic specialized in cognitive disorders. Patients were evaluated as part of a prospective, longitudinal research study between January 2002 and December 2015. Inclusion criteria included clinical diagnosis of PPA; availability of complete speech, language, and cognitive testing; magnetic resonance imaging performed within 6 months of the cognitive evaluation; and PET carbon 11-labeled Pittsburgh Compound-B or florbetapir F 18 brain scan results. Of 109 patients referred for evaluation of language symptoms who underwent amyloid brain imaging, 3 were excluded because of incomplete language evaluations, 5 for absence of significant aphasia, and 12 for presenting with significant initial symptoms outside of the language domain, leaving a cohort of 89 patients with PPA. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Clinical, cognitive, neuroimaging, and pathology results. RESULTS Twenty-eight cases were classified as imaging-supported semantic variant PPA (11 women [39.3%]; mean [SD] age, 64 [7] years), 31 nonfluent/agrammatic variant PPA (22 women [71.0%]; mean [SD] age, 68 [7] years), 26 logopenic variant PPA (17 women [65.4%]; mean [SD] age, 63 [8] years), and 4 mixed PPA cases. Twenty-four of 28 patients with semantic variant PPA (86%) and 28 of 31 patients with nonfluent/agrammatic variant PPA (90%) had negative amyloid PET scan results, while 25 of 26 patients with logopenic variant PPA (96%) and 3 of 4 mixed PPA cases (75%) had positive scan results. The amyloid positive semantic variant PPA and nonfluent/agrammatic variant PPA cases with available autopsy data (2 of 4 and 2 of 3, respectively) all had a primary frontotemporal lobar degeneration and secondary Alzheimer disease pathologic diagnoses, whereas autopsy of 2 patients with amyloid PET-positive logopenic variant PPA confirmed Alzheimer disease. One mixed PPA patient with a negative amyloid PET scan had Pick disease at autopsy. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Primary progressive aphasia variant diagnosis according to the current classification scheme is associated with Alzheimer disease biomarker status, with the logopenic variant being associated with carbon 11-labeled Pittsburgh Compound-B positivity in more than 95% of cases. Furthermore, in the presence of a clinical syndrome highly predictive of frontotemporal lobar degeneration pathology, biomarker positivity for Alzheimer disease may be associated more with mixed pathology rather than primary Alzheimer disease

Substantiation of complex therapy "dry eye" syndrome according to pharmacoeconomic analysis and experimental model

This study researched the clinical symptoms of postoperative “dry eye syndrome" and laboratory parameters: total production of the tear fluid, the rate of tear film stability, indicators of local immune resistance in patients with dry eye syndrome and experimental animal models (rabbits) under general anesthesia in the combined use of the derinat, emoxipine stillavit and accompanied by traditional therapy of dry eye syndrome. The research revealed, that this scheme increases lacrimal glands function, tear film stability, as well as enhances the local immune defense in these patients in the experiment. Pharmacoeconomic analysis revealed greater efficiency schemes with derinat, emoxipine and solcoseryl.В данной работе исследованы симптомы и лабораторные показатели послеоперационного синдрома «сухого глаза» (ССГ): суммарная продукция слезной жидкости, показатели местной иммунной резистентности у пациентов и экспериментальной модели животных (кроликов) в условиях общей анестезии при применении дерината, эмоксипина и солкосерила в сопровождении традиционной терапии ССГ. Выявлено, что указанная схема повышает функцию слезообразования и местную иммунную защиту у данной категории пациентов и в эксперименте. При фармакоэкономическом анализе отмечена наибольшая эффективность схемы с деринатом, эмоксипином и солкосерилом