Money and Credit Factors

The authors introduce new measures of important underlying macroeconomic phenomena that affect the financial side of the economy. These measures are calculated using the time-series factor analysis (TSFA) methodology introduced in Gilbert and Meijer (2005). The measures appear to be both more interesting and more robust to the effects of financial innovations than traditional aggregates. The general ideas set out in Gilbert and Pichette (2003) are pursued, but the improved estimation methods of TSFA are used. Furthermore, four credit aggregates are added to the components of the monetary aggregates, resulting in the possibility of extracting more common factors.Credit and credit aggregates; Monetary aggregates; Econometric and statistical methods

Integrated sensors for robotic laser welding

A welding head is under development with integrated sensory systems for robotic laser welding applications. Robotic laser welding requires sensory systems that are capable to accurately guide the welding head over a seam in three-dimensional space and provide information about the welding process as well as the quality of the welding result. In this paper the focus is on seam tracking. It is difficult to measure three-dimensional parameters of a ream during a robotic laser welding task, especially when sharp corners are present. The proposed sensory system is capable to provide the three dimensional parameters of a seam in one measurement and guide robots over sharp corners

Laser radiation pressure slowing of a molecular beam

There is substantial interest in producing samples of ultracold molecules for possible applications in quantum computation, quantum simulation of condensed matter systems, precision measurements, controlled chemistry, and high precision spectroscopy. A crucial step to obtaining large samples of ultracold, trapped molecules is developing a means to bridge the gap between typical molecular source velocities (~150-600 m/s) and velocities for which trap loading or confinement is possible (~5-20 m/s). Here we show deceleration of a beam of neutral strontium monofluoride (SrF) molecules using radiative force. Under certain conditions, the deceleration results in a substantial flux of molecules with velocities <50 m/s. The observed slowing, from ~140 m/s, corresponds to scattering ~10000 photons. We also observe longitudinal velocity compression under different conditions. Combined with molecular laser cooling techniques, this lays the groundwork to create slow and cold molecular beams suitable for trap loading.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures. Supplementary material updated

Activation of M-phase-specific histone H1 kinase by modification of the phosphorylation of its p34cdc2 and cyclin components

An M-phase-specific histone H1 kinase (H1K) has been described in a wide variety of eukaryotic cell types undergoing the G2/M transition in the cell division cycle. We have used p13suc1-Sepharose affinity chromatography to purify H1K to near homogeneity from matured starfish oocytes. A yield of 67% was obtained. Active H1K behaves as a 90- to 100-kD protein and appears to be constituted of equimolar amounts of cyclin and p34cdc2. The p34cdc2 subunit becomes tyrosine-dephosphorylated as the H1K is activated during entry of the oocytes into M phase, whereas the cyclin subunit is reciprocally phosphorylated. Acid phosphatase treatment of inactive p34cdc2/cyclin complex induces p34cdc2 dephosphorylation and three- to eightfold stimulation of the enzyme activity. These results suggest that active M-phase-specific H1K is constituted of both dephosphorylated p34cdc2 and phosphorylated cyclin

Microwave Lens for Polar Molecules

We here report on the implementation of a microwave lens for neutral polar molecules suitable to focus molecules both in low-field-seeking and in high-field-seeking states. By using the TE_11m modes of a 12 cm long cylindrically symmetric microwave resonator, Stark-decelerated ammonia molecules are transversally confined. We investigate the focusing properties of this microwave lens as a function of the molecules' velocity, the detuning of the microwave frequency from the molecular resonance frequency, and the microwave power. Such a microwave lens can be seen as a first important step towards further microwave devices, such as decelerators and traps.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Unconventional Magnetization below 25 K in Nitrogen-doped Diamond provides hints for the existence of Superconductivity and Superparamagnetism

The magnetization of nitrogen-doped single crystalline diamond bulk samples shows unconventional field and temperature hysteresis loops at T ≲ 25 K. The results suggest the existence of superparamagnetic and superconducting regions in samples with nitrogen concentration <200 ppm. Both phases vanish at temperatures above 25 K where the samples show diamagnetic behavior similar to undoped diamond. The observation of superparamagnetism and superconductivity is attributed to the nitrogen doping and to the existence of defective regions. From particle-induced X-ray emission with ppm resolution we rule out that the main observations below 25 K are due to magnetic impurities. We investigated also the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic/high-temperature superconducting oxide bilayers. The magnetization results obtained from those bilayers show remarkable similarities to the ones in nitrogen-doped diamond

Крест как символ парадигмального образа эпохи христианской цивилизации

Убедительнее всего проследить становление невидимой структуры символа и обретение подлинного органического единства видимого знака символа и его невидимой структуры на примере знака креста как символа парадигмального образа эпохи христианской цивилизации. Это и сделано в данном материале.Переконливіше за всього простежити становлення невидимої структури символу та обретення дійсної органичної єдності видимого знаку символа та його невидимої структури на прикладі знаку хреста як символа парадигмального образу епохі християнської цивілізації. Це й зроблено у даному матеріалі.It is the most convincing to trace formation of invisible structure of symbol and finding of real organic unity of visible sign of symbol and its invisible structure on the example of the sign of cross as the symbol of paradigmal image of epoch of christian civilization. It is done in given material

Local structure of liquid carbon controls diamond nucleation

Diamonds melt at temperatures above 4000 K. There are no measurements of the steady-state rate of the reverse process: diamond nucleation from the melt, because experiments are difficult at these extreme temperatures and pressures. Using numerical simulations, we estimate the diamond nucleation rate and find that it increases by many orders of magnitude when the pressure is increased at constant supersaturation. The reason is that an increase in pressure changes the local coordination of carbon atoms from three-fold to four-fold. It turns out to be much easier to nucleate diamond in a four-fold coordinated liquid than in a liquid with three-fold coordination, because in the latter case the free-energy cost to create a diamond-liquid interface is higher. We speculate that this mechanism for nucleation control is relevant for crystallization in many network-forming liquids. On the basis of our calculations, we conclude that homogeneous diamond nucleation is likely in carbon-rich stars and unlikely in gaseous planets

Nature of Ar bonding to small Co_n^+ clusters and its effect on the structure determination by far-infrared absorption spectroscopy

Far-infrared vibrational spectroscopy by multiple photon dissociation has proven to be a very useful technique for the structural fingerprinting of small metal clusters. Contrary to previous studies on cationic V, Nb and Ta clusters, measured vibrational spectra of small cationic cobalt clusters show a strong dependence on the number of adsorbed Ar probe atoms, which increases with decreasing cluster size. Focusing on the series Co_4^+ to Co_8^+ we therefore use density-functional theory to analyze the nature of the Ar-Co_n^+ bond and its role for the vibrational spectra. In a first step, energetically low-lying isomer structures are identified through first-principles basin-hopping sampling runs and their vibrational spectra computed for a varying number of adsorbed Ar atoms. A comparison of these fingerprints with the experimental data enables in some cases a unique assignment of the cluster structure. Independent of the specific low-lying isomer, we obtain a pronounced increase of the Ar binding energy for the smallest cluster sizes, which correlates nicely with the observed increased influence of the Ar probe atoms on the IR spectra. Further analysis of the electronic structure motivates a simple electrostatic picture that not only explains this binding energy trend, but also why the influence of the rare-gas atom is much stronger than in the previously studied systems.Comment: 12 pages including 10 figures; related publications can be found at http://www.fhi-berlin.mpg.de/th/th.htm