Fractures of the tibial plateau. Influence of the type of fracture and precision of the articular reduction on the prognosis

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en 43 pacientes tratados de 45 fracturas de pilón tibial entre 1990 y 1998. Según la clasificación de Rüedi y Allgöwer 6 fracturas eran tipo I (13,3%), 6 tipo II (13,3%) y 33 tipo III (73,3%). El tratamiento realizado fue manipulación e inmovilización en botín de yeso en 8 fracturas, las seis del tipo I y dos del tipo II. En las 37 fracturas restantes se realizó osteotaxis y osteosíntesis. Los resultados clínicos obtenidos fueron excelentes-buenos en 27 de las fracturas (60%), valorados por parámetros objetivos, pero solo en 16 de las fracturas (35,5%) cuando se valoraron por parámetros subjetivos. Se apreciaron mejores resultados clínicos objetivos/subjetivos cuando se consiguió una buena reducción articular y cuanto menor era el grado de desplazamiento y hundimiento de la fractura; en estos casos fue más difícil obtener una buena reducción articular. En 2 fracturas (25%) tratadas conservadoramente y en 17 (46%) tratadas quirúrgicamente se presentó al menos una complicación. Las fracturas de pilón tibial son fracturas graves, por la frecuencia de lesiones de partes blandas y de otras estructuras con que se asocian y por los resultados mediocres derivados de su tratamiento, que son peores en las fracturas tipo III y cuando no se consigue una correcta reducción articular

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13

Search for direct stau production in events with two hadronic tau-leptons in root s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of the supersymmetric partners ofτ-leptons (staus) in final stateswith two hadronically decayingτ-leptons is presented. The analysis uses a dataset of pp collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of139fb−1, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LargeHadron Collider at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. No significant deviation from the expected StandardModel background is observed. Limits are derived in scenarios of direct production of stau pairs with eachstau decaying into the stable lightest neutralino and oneτ-lepton in simplified models where the two staumass eigenstates are degenerate. Stau masses from 120 GeV to 390 GeV are excluded at 95% confidencelevel for a massless lightest neutralino

Search for chargino-neutralino production with mass splittings near the electroweak scale in three-lepton final states in √s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for supersymmetry through the pair production of electroweakinos with mass splittings near the electroweak scale and decaying via on-shell W and Z bosons is presented for a three-lepton final state. The analyzed proton-proton collision data taken at a center-of-mass energy of √s=13  TeV were collected between 2015 and 2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139  fb−1. A search, emulating the recursive jigsaw reconstruction technique with easily reproducible laboratory-frame variables, is performed. The two excesses observed in the 2015–2016 data recursive jigsaw analysis in the low-mass three-lepton phase space are reproduced. Results with the full data set are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations. They are interpreted to set exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level on simplified models of chargino-neutralino pair production for masses up to 345 GeV

The atmospheric science of JEM-EUSO

An Atmospheric Monitoring System (AMS) is critical suite of instruments for JEM-EUSO whose aim is to detect Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) and (EHECR) from Space. The AMS comprises an advanced space qualified infrared camera and a LIDAR with cross checks provided by a ground-based and airborne Global Light System Stations. Moreover the Slow Data Mode of JEM-EUSO has been proven crucial for the UV background analysis by comparing the UV and IR images. It will also contribute to the investigation of atmospheric effects seen in the data from the GLS or even to our understanding of Space Weather

AMP-activated protein kinase inhibits K_v1.5 channel currents of pulmonary arterial myocytes in response to hypoxia and inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation

KEY POINTS: Progression of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is thought to be due, in part, to suppression of voltage‐gated potassium channels (K(v)) in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle by hypoxia, although the precise molecular mechanisms have been unclear. AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been proposed to couple inhibition of mitochondrial metabolism by hypoxia to acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and progression of pulmonary hypertension. Inhibition of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain activated AMPK and inhibited K(v)1.5 channels in pulmonary arterial myocytes. AMPK activation by 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide riboside, A769662 or C13 attenuated K(v)1.5 currents in pulmonary arterial myocytes, and this effect was non‐additive with respect to K(v)1.5 inhibition by hypoxia and mitochondrial poisons. Recombinant AMPK phosphorylated recombinant human K(v)1.5 channels in cell‐free assays, and inhibited K(+) currents when introduced into HEK 293 cells stably expressing K(v)1.5. These results suggest that AMPK is the primary mediator of reductions in K(v)1.5 channels following inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation during hypoxia and by mitochondrial poisons. ABSTRACT: Progression of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is thought to be due, in part, to suppression of voltage‐gated potassium channels (K(v)) in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells that is mediated by the inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. We sought to determine the role in this process of the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is intimately coupled to mitochondrial function due to its activation by LKB1‐dependent phosphorylation in response to increases in the cellular AMP:ATP and/or ADP:ATP ratios. Inhibition of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain using phenformin activated AMPK and inhibited K(v) currents in pulmonary arterial myocytes, consistent with previously reported effects of mitochondrial inhibitors. Myocyte K(v) currents were also markedly inhibited upon AMPK activation by A769662, 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide riboside and C13 and by intracellular dialysis from a patch‐pipette of activated (thiophosphorylated) recombinant AMPK heterotrimers (α2β2γ1 or α1β1γ1). Hypoxia and inhibitors of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation reduced AMPK‐sensitive K(+) currents, which were also blocked by the selective K(v)1.5 channel inhibitor diphenyl phosphine oxide‐1 but unaffected by the presence of the BK(Ca) channel blocker paxilline. Moreover, recombinant human K(v)1.5 channels were phosphorylated by AMPK in cell‐free assays, and K(+) currents carried by K(v)1.5 stably expressed in HEK 293 cells were inhibited by intracellular dialysis of AMPK heterotrimers and by A769662, the effects of which were blocked by compound C. We conclude that AMPK mediates K(v) channel inhibition by hypoxia in pulmonary arterial myocytes, at least in part, through phosphorylation of K(v)1.5 and/or an associated protein

Transcription, mRNA export, and immune evasion shape the codon usage of viruses

The nucleotide composition, dinucleotide composition, and codon usage of many viruses differ from their hosts. These differences arise because viruses are subject to unique mutation and selection pressures that do not apply to host genomes; however, the molecular mechanisms that underlie these evolutionary forces are unclear. Here, we analyzed the patterns of codon usage in 1,520 vertebrate-infecting viruses, focusing on parameters known to be under selection and associated with gene regulation. We find that GC content, dinucleotide content, and splicing and m(6)A modification-related sequence motifs are associated with the type of genetic material (DNA or RNA), strandedness, and replication compartment of viruses. In an experimental follow-up, we find that the effects of GC content on gene expression depend on whether the genetic material is delivered to the cell as DNA or mRNA, whether it is transcribed by endogenous or exogenous RNA polymerase, and whether transcription takes place in the nucleus or cytoplasm. Our results suggest that viral codon usage cannot be explained by a simple adaptation to the codon usage of the host—instead, it reflects the combination of multiple selective and mutational pressures, including the need for efficient transcription, export, and immune evasion

Correlated long-range mixed-harmonic fluctuations measured in pp, p+Pb and low-multiplicity Pb+Pb collisions with the ATLAS detector

For abstract see published article

Localization and Broadband Follow-Up of the Gravitational-Wave Transient GW150914

A gravitational-wave (GW) transient was identified in data recorded by the Advanced Laser InterferometerGravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors on 2015 September 14. The event, initially designated G184098and later given the name GW150914, is described in detail elsewhere. By prior arrangement, preliminary estimatesof the time, significance, and sky location of the event were shared with 63 teams of observers covering radio,optical, near-infrared, X-ray, and gamma-ray wavelengths with ground- and space-based facilities. In this Letter wedescribe the low-latency analysis of the GW data and present the sky localization of the first observed compactbinary merger. We summarize the follow-up observations reported by 25 teams via private Gamma-rayCoordinates Network circulars, giving an overview of the participating facilities, the GW sky localizationcoverage, the timeline, and depth of the observations. As this event turned out to be a binary black hole merger,there is little expectation of a detectable electromagnetic (EM) signature. Nevertheless, this first broadbandcampaign to search for a counterpart of an Advanced LIGO source represents a milestone and highlights the broadcapabilities of the transient astronomy community and the observing strategies that have been developed to pursueneutron star binary merger events. Detailed investigations of the EM data and results of the EM follow-upcampaign are being disseminated in papers by the individual teams