Analiza porownawcza zawartosci fluorkow w zuchwach owiec z wykopalisk archeologicznych miasta Szczecina w zaleznosci od wieku osobniczego i czasu zalegania w glebie

Bones can be a very good marker of environmental contamination by fluoride. Bones in a living organism have a different composition than in a dead one. As a result of adsorption from soil, bones from archeological excavations usually have more fluoride than those in a living body, and a significant portion of the fluorides they contain are acquired after death. This paper presents the results of a studies on fluoride content of sheep mandibles from archeological excavation sites in Szczecin. An attempt was undertaken to define how the chronological age of the bones and the time they had been lying in soil affected the bones. The material consisted of sheep mandibles from several excavations sites: Szczecin Mścięcino, Szczecin Rynek Warzywny, and Szczecin Zamek Książąt Pomorskich (Szczecin Castle of Pomeranian Dukes). Cultural layers in these excavations were mostly formed from humus and humus with sand and clay. The fluoride content was determined by an ion-selective electrode with the pH/mV Orion 920A. Fluoride content was determined in 270 mandibles, which were classified into sheep age categories and according to the archeological age of the bones. The individual and archeological age of the sheep bones was determined by archeologists during the initial tests of the bones. A comparative evaluation of the significance of differences in the average fluoride content in the bones was performed by means of a single factor analysis of the orthogonal variance. The least significant differences were estimated by Tukey’s test. The results show that the fluoride content depends on the individual age of animals and the chronological age of bones. The fluoride content of the sheep mandibles increased along with the individual age of the animals. Moreover, chronologically younger bones contained significantly less fluoride than older ones. In the sheep mandibles which lay longer in soil, the fluoride content tended to increase with the chronological age, while in chronologically youngest bones the tendency was reverse.Kości mogą być bardzo dobrymi biomarkerami skażenia środowiska fluorkiem. Inny jest skład kości w organizmie żywym, a inny w martwym. W wyniku adsorpcji z gleby kości archeologiczne zazwyczaj zawierają więcej fluorków niż świeże, a znaczącą część fluorków stanowią te wbudowane po śmierci. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań zawartości fluorków w żuchwach owiec z wykopalisk archeologicznych miasta Szczecina. Podjęto próbę określenia, w jaki sposób wiek osobniczy oraz czas zalegania kości w glebie wpływa na zmianę stężenia fluorków w żuchwach owiec. Materiał do badań stanowiły żuchwy owiec z terenów, w których prowadzono wykopaliska archeologiczne: Szczecin Mścięcino, Szczecin Rynek Warzywny i Szczecin Zamek Książąt Pomorskich. Warstwy kulturowe w tych wykopaliskach tworzyły głównie próchnica oraz próchnica z domieszką piasku i gliny. Zawartość fluorków w kościach oznaczano potencjometrycznie z zastosowaniem elektrody jonoselektywnej z użyciem pH/jonometru firmy Orion 920A. Przebadano zawartość fluorków łącznie w 270 żuchwach, które posegregowano według utworzonych kategorii wieku osobniczego owiec i wieku archeologicznego kości. Wiek osobniczy oraz archeologiczny kości owiec został ustalony przez archeologów podczas wstępnych badań kości. Oceny porównawczej istotności różnic między średnimi zawartościami fluorków w kościach dokonano za pomocą jednoczynnikowej analizy wariancji ortogonalnej. Najmniejsze istotne różnice obliczono testem Tukeya. Stwierdzono, że zawartość fluorków w żuchwach owiec była zależna zarówno od wieku osobniczego zwierząt, jak i wieku archeologicznego kości. Zawartość fluorków w żuchwach owiec zwiększała się wraz z wiekiem osobniczym zwierząt. Ponadto kości młodsze pod względem wieku archeologicznego zawierały istotnie mniej fluorków niż kości starsze. W żuchwach owiec zalegających dłużej w glebie stwierdzono także tendencje wzrostu zawartości fluorków wraz z wiekiem osobniczym zwierząt, natomiast w kościach najmłodszych pod względem archeologicznym tendencja ta była odwrotna

Analysis of present food of students and young people with the attempt of determination of possible consequences

The present food of lycee pupils and students of university has been studied. The diet of young people has considerable deviation from the rational nutrition. It is especially concerned men of 18–24 years old. Modern young people doesn’t adhere the rational nutrition, dietary pattern and right conditions of food intake. Systematic taking stimulants, beer and spirituous liquors by modern youth is considerably exceeded the hygienic regulations. The probability of health disorders of young people increases in prospect and the forming of new combined neuropsychic pathology and metabolic imbalance are possible

Correlations among plasma silicon, magnesium and calcium in patients with knee osteoarthritis - analysis in consideration of gender

Introduction and objective. Osteoarthrits (OA) is a complex, chronic disorder of cartilage and bone, related to homeostasis of bioelements. The current study aimed at evaluation of correlations between plasma silicon, magnesium and ionized calcium in OA patients in consideration to gender. Materials and method. The study comprised 59 patients aged 69.5±9.0 years (18 males aged 66.8±9.2; 41 females aged 70.7±8.8), admitted to the Trauma and Orthopaedic Ward of the Independent Public Health Care Centre in Łęczna, Poland, due to OA and qualified to surgery. Control group consisted of 19 subjects without OA (54.5±8.6 years; 10 males aged 41.3±9.3; 9 females aged 69.1±14.9). Plasma concentrations of silicon and magnesium (spectrophotometric methods) and ionized calcium (potentiometric method) were determined. Results. Silicon in OA patients was significantly increased vs. control. In OA males and OA females, silicon was enhanced vs. the respective controls, but it was statistically significant only in males. Magnesium in OA patients was not significantly different from control group. In females, a significant decrease vs. the respective control was observed. No significant differences were observed in the case of ionized calcium. Positive correlations between silicon and magnesium in healthy control, both in the whole group and in male and female subgroups, were noted, while no such effect was observed in OA subjects. Conclusions. The results might suggest some connection between higher OA incidence in women and the depleted magnesium in the organism. Silicon increase in OA patients, especially in men, may indicate its intense metabolism during the articular inflammatory process, likely dependent on sex hormones. It remains open whether the plasma Si increase is the effect or cause of OA

Privacy issues in public discourse: the case of “smart” CCTV in Germany

In dealing with surveillance, scholars have widely agreed to refute privacy as an analytical concept and defining theme. Nonetheless, in public debates, surveillance technologies are still confronted with issues of privacy, and privacy therefore endures as an empirical subject of research on surveillance. Drawing from our analysis of public discourse of so-called smart closed-circuit television (CCTV) in Germany, we propose to use a sociology of knowledge perspective to analyze privacy in order to understand how it is socially constructed and negotiated. Our data comprise 117 documents, covering all publicly available documents between 2006 and 2010 that we were able to obtain. We found privacy to be the only form of critique in the struggle for the legitimate definition of smart CCTV. In this paper, we discuss the implications our preliminary findings have for the relationship between privacy issues and surveillance technology and conclude with suggestions of how this relationship might be further investigated as paradoxical, yet constitutive