Novel transcribed regions in the human genome

We have used genomic tiling arrays to identify transcribed regions throughout the human genome. Analysis of the mapping results of RNA isolated from five cell/tissue types, NB4 cells, NB4 cells treated with retinoic acid (RA), NB4 cells treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA), neutrophils, and placenta, throughout the ENCODE region reveals a large number of novel transcribed regions. Interestingly, neutrophils exhibit a great deal of novel expression in several intronic regions. Comparison of the hybridization results of NB4 cells treated with different stimuli relative to untreated cells reveals that many new regions are expressed upon cell differentiation. One such region is the Hox locus, which contains a large number of novel regions expressed in a number of cell types. Analysis of the trinucleotide composition of the novel transcribed regions reveals that it is similar to that of known exons. These results suggest that many of the novel transcribed regions may have a functional role. Copyright 2006, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press © 2006 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

First Report of Fusarium proliferatum Causing Rot of Onion Bulbs (Allium cepa L.) in India

A rot disease was observed on onion bulbs in major growing areas of Kadapa and Kurnool districts of Andhra Pradesh, India during 2010 to 2012. Based on pathogenicity, morphology and ribosomal DNA spacer sequences, the pathogen was identified as Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg. The fungus was isolated from onion bulbs presenting purple and reddish lesions, obtaining F. proliferatum consistently. The fungus produced effuse white colonies, branched hyphae, short conidiophores, slightly curved macroconidia, and single celled microconidia measuring 5.6-10.5 X 2.0-3.5 μm in diameter. Morphological identification of the fungus was confirmed using ribosomal DNA sequence data. Kotch’s postulates were confirmed by performing pathogenicity test on healthy onion bulbs. This is the first report of F. proliferatum causing rot disease on onion bulbs in India; although it had already been reported for onion in the USA and Serbia.Keywords: Onion bulbs; Rot disease; Fusarium proliferatum; Pathogenicity; rDNA - IT

IL-22 mediates goblet cell hyperplasia and worm expulsion in intestinal helminth infection.

Type 2 immune responses are essential in protection against intestinal helminth infections. In this study we show that IL-22, a cytokine important in defence against bacterial infections in the intestinal tract, is also a critical mediator of anti-helminth immunity. After infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, a rodent hookworm, IL-22-deficient mice showed impaired worm expulsion despite normal levels of type 2 cytokine production. The impaired worm expulsion correlated with reduced goblet cell hyperplasia and reduced expression of goblet cell markers. We further confirmed our findings in a second nematode model, the murine whipworm Trichuris muris. T.muris infected IL-22-deficient mice had a similar phenotype to that seen in N.brasiliensis infection, with impaired worm expulsion and reduced goblet cell hyperplasia. Ex vivo and in vitro analysis demonstrated that IL-22 is able to directly induce the expression of several goblet cell markers, including mucins. Taken together, our findings reveal that IL-22 plays an important role in goblet cell activation, and thus, a key role in anti-helminth immunity

HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF AQUEOUS FRUIT EXTRACT OF FICUS BENGALENSIS IN NORMAL AND STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antidiabetic and ameliorative potential of aqueous fruit extract of Ficus bengalensis (FB) in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. The effect of oral administration of aqueous fruit extract of FB on blood glucose, change in body weight, carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, total cholesterol and lipid peroxidation in liver of STZ -induced diabetic rats were studied. Treatment of aqueous fruit extract reduced the rise in blood glucose levels and improved the enzyme acitivities to near normal in diabetic rats

PREDICTING HEART DISEASE USING DATAMINING TECHNIQUES

Nowadays, hardihood disorder is escalating regularly by virtue of life taste, transmitted. Especially, mind disorder has develop into more popular the above-mentioned days.i.e. life of folk persecute risk.Everyone has strange beliefs for Blood influence, cholesterol and vital sign. But in line with medically proven results the healthy beliefs of Blood influence is 120/90, cholesterol is and temperature is 72. This essay gives the evaluate around extraordinary coordination techniques used for predicting the risk matched of anybody occupying on age, feminine, Blood constraint, cholesterol, vital sign. The inmate risk flatten is restricted practicing datamining allotment techniques being Naïve Bayes, KNN, Decision Tree Algorithm, Neural Network. etc., Accuracy of the risk matched is high when adopting more estimate of attributes

Effect of dietary zinc supplementation on ovarian folliculogenesis in buffalo heifers

A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of zinc (Zn) supplementation on ovarian folliculogenesis in buffalo heifers. Eighteen buffalo heifers with an average body weight of 278.7+16.82 kg were randomly allotted to 3 groups in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments were viz., Basal diet (BD; 29.72 ppm Zn from feed ingredients), BD supplemented with 80 and 140 ppm Zn as ZnSO4 7H2 O (22% Zn). Heifers were fed the respective diets at 3% of body weight to meet the nutrient requirements (NRC, 2001) of dairy cattle except Zn throughout for an experimental period of 150 days. After 2 months of feeding trial, ovarian folliculogenesis study was made on all animals daily with help of B-mode linear array ultrasound scanner equipped with 7.5 MHz transducer. The proportion of large follicles (>8 mm) was higher (P<0.05) with 140 ppm (5.29%) Zn supplementation followed by 80 ppm (3.38%) compared to no Zn supplementation. However, no large sized follicles on ovary were observed in heifers supplemented with no Zn. While the mean number of small (3 to 5 mm) and medium follicles (5 to 8 mm) were not affected by Zn concentration in diet. The study indicated significant effect of Zn supplementation on ovarian follicular development with greater number of large follicles with 140 ppm Zn supplementation

Evaluation of Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Essential Oil Extract from Salvia leucantha in Experimental Animal

This study investigates the analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of Salvia leucantha (Mexican bush sage), a medicinal plant traditionally used for its therapeutic properties. The aerial parts of the plant were collected, shade-dried, and subjected to maceration using 95% ethanol to obtain a crude ethanolic extract. Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of bioactive constituents such as flavonoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, and phenolic compounds—known for their pharmacological relevance. The extract was evaluated for analgesic activity using Eddy’s hot plate and acetic acid-induced writhing models in Swiss albino mice, and for anti-inflammatory activity using the carrageenan-induced paw oedema model in Wistar albino rats. The results demonstrated a significant increase in pain threshold and a marked reduction in inflammatory response in a dose- dependent manner. The efficacy of the extract was found to be comparable to standard reference drugs such as diclofenac and indomethacin. These findings suggest that the ethanolic extract of Salvia leucantha holds promising analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, potentially offering a safer alternative to conventional NSAIDs

Improving gene-set enrichment analysis of RNA-Seq data with small replicates

Deregulated pathways identified from transcriptome data of two sample groups have played a key role in many genomic studies. Gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) has been commonly used for pathway or functional analysis of microarray data, and it is also being applied to RNA-seq data. However, most RNA-seq data so far have only small replicates. This enforces to apply the gene-permuting GSEA method (or preranked GSEA) which results in a great number of false positives due to the inter-gene correlation in each gene-set. We demonstrate that incorporating the absolute gene statistic in one-tailed GSEA considerably improves the false-positive control and the overall discriminatory ability of the gene-permuting GSEA methods for RNA-seq data. To test the performance, a simulation method to generate correlated read counts within a gene-set was newly developed, and a dozen of currently available RNA-seq enrichment analysis methods were compared, where the proposed methods outperformed others that do not account for the inter-gene correlation. Analysis of real RNA-seq data also supported the proposed methods in terms of false positive control, ranks of true positives and biological relevance. An efficient R package (AbsFilterG- SEA) coded with C++ (Rcpp) is available from CRAN.open

Development of Appropriate Fibrolytic Enzyme Combination for Maize Stover and Its Effect on Rumen Fermentation in Sheep

In vitro studies were undertaken to develop an appropriate fibrolytic enzymes cocktail comprising of cellulase, xylanase and β-D-glucanase for maize stover with an aim to increase its nutrient utilization in sheep. Cellulase and xylanase added individually to ground maize stover at an increasing dose rates (0, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1,600, 3,200, 6,400, 12,800, 25,600, 32,000, 38,400, and 44,800 IU/g DM), increased (p<0.01) the in vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro sugar release. The doses selected for studying the combination effect of enzymes were 6,400 to 32,000 IU/g of cellulase and 12,800 to 44,800 IU/g of xylanase. At cellulase concentration of 6,400 IU/g, IVDMD % was higher (p<0.01) at higher xylanase doses (25,600 to 44,800 IU/g). While at cellulase doses (12,800 to 32,000 IU/g), IVDMD % was higher at lower xylanase doses (12,800 and 25,600 IU/g) compared to higher xylanase doses (32,000 to 44,800 IU/g). At cellulase concentration of the 6,400 to 32,000 IU/g, the amount of sugar released increased (p<0.01) with increasing levels of xylanase concentrations except for the concentration of 44,800 IU/g. No effect of β-D-glucanase (100 to 300 IU/g) was observed at lower cellulase-xylanase dose (cellulase-xylanase 12,800 to 12,800 IU/g). Based on the IVDMD, the enzyme combination cellulase-xylanase 12,800 to 12,800 IU/g was selected to study its effect on feed intake and rumen fermentation pattern, conducted on 12 rams (6 to 8 months; 20.34±2.369 kg body weight) fed 50% maize stover based TMR. The total volatile fatty acids (p<0.01) and ammonia-N concentration was higher in enzyme supplemented group, while no effect was observed on dry matter intake, ruminal pH and total nitrogen concentration