Thermal annealing derivatives of technogenic gypsum by electron paramagnetic resonance

© SGEM2016.Previously dehydration products EPR spectra of single crystals of gypsum (“Marino glass”) have been studied in the temperature range from 100 to 425 °C [Crystall. Reports, 2014, Vol. 59, No. 3, pp. 399]. In this work, the subject of study was selected technogenic gypsum and its derivatives dehydration [Procedia Earth and Planet Sci. Vol. 15, 2015, P. 579].Temperature region of formation gypsum, alpha and beta phase states of bassanite and gamma-anhydrite, insoluble anhydrite were determined from the EPR spectra of radical ions and the atomic hydrogen. Obtained results may be used for the control in the technological processes of gypsum materials production, and scientific purposes

The prospects of reducing energy costs when drying grain

The paper analyzed the methods of drying of agricultural products, a method of drying using a heat pump, the advantages of this method.В работе проанализированы способы сушки сельскохозяйственной продукции, представлен способ сушки с использованием теплового насоса, показаны преимущества этого способа

Efficiency addiction of type evaporator’s heat exchanger in heat pumps systems

This article amylase typical schemes of operate with low potential heat energy sources.В работе проанализированы типовые схемы обустройства теплонасосных установок в зависимости от характеристики источников низкопотенциальной тепловой энергии

STUDY OF MODES HEAT PUMP EVAPORATOR

The work carried out to find the most effective methods of heat removal from the environment to give reasons for the choice of a variety of form factors evaporators heat pump systems.В работе проведен поиск наиболее эффективных методов отбора тепла от различных видов сред. Приводятся основания для выбора различных форм-факторов испарителей теплонасосных установок

Soils of the polar archaeological site “Settlement Labytnangi 1 (Komy village)”: morphological analysis and chemical composition

Soils of archaeological sites are highly interesting objects for multidisciplinary research in various fields of soil science, ecology, archaeology, anthropology and other sciences. Currently, the soils of archaeological sites in the Arctic regions have not been studied sufficiently, although many ancient monuments beyond the polar circle have been found. This work is devoted to the study of morphological and chemical properties of soils of the archaeological site “Settlement Labytnangi 1”, which is located beyond the northern polar circle, near the cities of Labytnangi and Salekhard (Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug). Development of these territories (according to archaeological research) began in the Eneolithic (Late IV – III millennia BC) and continues to the present day. Soil types on the territory of the monument are represented by soil-like bodies (urbikvazizems), podzols, turbozems, urbo-agrozems and peat soils with inclusions of archaeological and anthropogenic artifacts dating back to the XX century. Most of the studied soils were previously subjected to the processes of cryoturbation, although at present the lower boundary of the active layer of permafrost lies at a depth of 120–130 cm, according to the conducted electrophysical sounding. Significant changes occurred in the acid-base properties of the studied soils. In addition, anthropogenic activity entailed the introduction of biophilic elements and organic matter into the soil profile, in particular phosphorus, which is concentrated in the urbanized soil horizons (phosphorus concentrations above 2 800 mg/kg were recorded). The concentrations of heavy metals in the soils are at/below the conventional background (vicinity of Salekhard and Labytnangi). However, some excess concentrations of copper (up to 87.5 mg/kg), zinc (up to 303.3 mg/kg), lead (up to 76.1 mg/kg), and cadmium (up to 2.1 mg/kg) in the urbanized soil horizons have been detected. According to the results of the work, we can conclude that the soils of the archaeological site were formed under the strong influence of modern and past anthropogenic activity, which determined their morphological structure and chemical characteristics at present

Vibrational spectroscopic study of syngenite formed during the treatment of liquid manure with sulphuric acid

Syngenite (K2Ca(SO4)2.H2O), formed during treatment of manure with sulphuric acid, was studied by infrared, near-infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Cs site symmetry was determined for the 2 sulphate groups in syngenite (P21/m), so all bands are both infrared and Raman active. The split ￮1 (2 Raman + 2 infrared bands) was observed at 981 and 1000 cm-1. The split ￮2 (4 Raman + 4 infrared bands) was observed in the Raman spectrum at 424, 441, 471 and 491 cm-1. In the infrared spectrum only 1 band was observed at 439 cm-1. From the split ￮3 (6 Raman + 6 infrared) bands 3 298 K Raman bands were observed at 1117, 1138 and 1166 cm-1. Cooling to 77 K resulted in 4 bands at 1119, 1136, 1144 and 1167 cm-1. In the infrared spectrum 5 bands were observed at 1110, 1125, 1136, 1148 and 1193 cm-1. From the split ￮4 (6 infrared + 6 Raman bands) 4 bands were observed in the infrared spectrum at 604, 617, 644 and 657 cm-1. The 298 K Raman spectrum showed 1 band at 641 cm-1, while at 77 K 4 bands were observed at 607, 621, 634 and 643 cm-1. Crystal water is observed in the infrared spectrum by the OH-libration mode at 754 cm-1, OH-bending mode at 1631 cm-1, OH-stretching modes at 3248 (symmetric) and 3377 cm-1 (antisymmetric) plus a combination band at 3510 cm-1 of the H-bonded OH-mode plus the OH-stretching mode. The near-infrared spectrum gave information about the crystal water resulting in overtone and combination bands of OH-libration, OH-bending and OH–stretching mode

Thermal annealing derivatives of technogenic gypsum by electron paramagnetic resonance

© SGEM2016.Previously dehydration products EPR spectra of single crystals of gypsum (“Marino glass”) have been studied in the temperature range from 100 to 425 °C [Crystall. Reports, 2014, Vol. 59, No. 3, pp. 399]. In this work, the subject of study was selected technogenic gypsum and its derivatives dehydration [Procedia Earth and Planet Sci. Vol. 15, 2015, P. 579].Temperature region of formation gypsum, alpha and beta phase states of bassanite and gamma-anhydrite, insoluble anhydrite were determined from the EPR spectra of radical ions and the atomic hydrogen. Obtained results may be used for the control in the technological processes of gypsum materials production, and scientific purposes

Thermal annealing derivatives of technogenic gypsum by electron paramagnetic resonance

© SGEM2016.Previously dehydration products EPR spectra of single crystals of gypsum (“Marino glass”) have been studied in the temperature range from 100 to 425 °C [Crystall. Reports, 2014, Vol. 59, No. 3, pp. 399]. In this work, the subject of study was selected technogenic gypsum and its derivatives dehydration [Procedia Earth and Planet Sci. Vol. 15, 2015, P. 579].Temperature region of formation gypsum, alpha and beta phase states of bassanite and gamma-anhydrite, insoluble anhydrite were determined from the EPR spectra of radical ions and the atomic hydrogen. Obtained results may be used for the control in the technological processes of gypsum materials production, and scientific purposes

Peculiarities gypsum crystals structure based on electron paramagnetic resonance radiation defects

© SGEM2016.Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) at 77 K in the X-band are studied natural gypsum crystals (“Marino” glass, Russia), previously irradiated at room temperature by X-rays of different doses. Detected earlier observed spectra of paramagnetic centers SO-3(B); SO-3(A1); SO-3(A2)[Crystallog. Rep., vol. 59(3), pp.399–406. 2014]. It was found two new spectrum with magnetic multiplicity KM = 2 (Ci symmetry center) and super hyperfine splitting of the interaction of the electron spin S = 1/2 and the proton nuclear spin I = 1/2. These spectra are assigned to the centers SO-4 —1H, which differ from each other in the position of a proton H(1) gypsum structure. The mobility of water molecules in the channels of the structure activates the formation of two or more centers SO-4―1H, SO-3―1H. From the angular dependence of the spectra in the three orthogonal planes were found the parameters of the spin Hamiltonian (SH). It has been established that the differences in radiation sensitivity of the paramagnetic centers depends on charge redistribution processes in the crystal