An automatic approach to exclude interlopers from asteroid families

Asteroid families are valuable source of information to many asteroid-related re- searches, assuming a reliable list of their members could be obtained. However, as the number of known asteroids increases fast it becomes more and more difficult to obtain robust list of members of an asteroid family. Here we are proposing a new approach to deal with the problem, based on the well known Hierarchical Clustering Method (HCM). An additional step in the whole procedure is introduced in order to reduce a so-called chaining effect. The main idea is to prevent chaining through an al- ready identified interloper. We show that in this way a number of potential interlopers among family members is significantly reduced. Moreover, we developed an automatic on-line based portal to apply this procedure, i.e to generate a list of family members as well as a list of potential interlopers. The Asteroid Families Portal (AFP) is freely available to all interested researchers.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA

Chirikov Diffusion in the Asteroidal Three-Body Resonance (5,-2,-2)

The theory of diffusion in many-dimensional Hamiltonian system is applied to asteroidal dynamics. The general formulations developed by Chirikov is applied to the Nesvorn\'{y}-Morbidelli analytic model of three-body (three-orbit) mean-motion resonances (Jupiter-Saturn-asteroid system). In particular, we investigate the diffusion \emph{along} and \emph{across} the separatrices of the (5,-2,-2) resonance of the (490) Veritas asteroidal family and their relationship to diffusion in semi-major axis and eccentricity. The estimations of diffusion were obtained using the Melnikov integral, a Hadjidemetriou-type sympletic map and numerical integrations for times up to $10^{8}$ years.Comment: 27 pages, 6 figure

Development of Grid e-Infrastructure in South-Eastern Europe

Over the period of 6 years and three phases, the SEE-GRID programme has established a strong regional human network in the area of distributed scientific computing and has set up a powerful regional Grid infrastructure. It attracted a number of user communities and applications from diverse fields from countries throughout the South-Eastern Europe. From the infrastructure point view, the first project phase has established a pilot Grid infrastructure with more than 20 resource centers in 11 countries. During the subsequent two phases of the project, the infrastructure has grown to currently 55 resource centers with more than 6600 CPUs and 750 TBs of disk storage, distributed in 16 participating countries. Inclusion of new resource centers to the existing infrastructure, as well as a support to new user communities, has demanded setup of regionally distributed core services, development of new monitoring and operational tools, and close collaboration of all partner institution in managing such a complex infrastructure. In this paper we give an overview of the development and current status of SEE-GRID regional infrastructure and describe its transition to the NGI-based Grid model in EGI, with the strong SEE regional collaboration.Comment: 22 pages, 12 figures, 4 table

Određivanje sadržaja fluorida u vodi za piće i čajevima fluorid-selektivnom elektrodom

Potentiometric analysis of fluoride content (as F- ion) in solutions by using fluoride ion-selective electrode is simple, reliable and cheap. Very small concentrations of fluoride-ions (to 10-6 mol/dm3) can be determined by fluoride selective electrode, with regulation of ion strength of a solution and control of concentration of hydroxide ions and interfering ions of metals. The influence of pH and complexing ions of metals can be successfully regulated by the TISAB solution and by preserving pH value in the range from 5.00 to 7.00. The content of fluorides in the samples can be determined by the method of direct potentiometer, and in the case of very low concentration by standard addition method. In this paper it was analyzed the determination of fluoride ions concentration in bottled mineral waters and water from Belgrade plumbing in two Belgrade districts (Palilula and Novi Beograd) and in tea, by using the fluoride selective electrode. It was determined that the content of fluoride ions in bottled mineral water significantly differs from values given on declaration, and that content of fluoride ions varies over a period of time. The content of fluoride ions in water from plumbing in two Belgrade districts at the time of analysis was significantly increased and exceeded values given in Regulation for drinking water quality. The received results from the analysis of fluorides in teas show that fluorides exist in teas in different concentrations. There are also differences between the same kinds of tea, which is noted with mint (Mentha piperitae folium), as a consequence of differences between soils where it was planted. As taking of fluorides, according to World Health Organisation recommendation (WHO), is limited in the range from 2 to 4 mg per day, it is necessary to give the content of fluorides on all products that are used in human consumption.Potenciometrijsko određivanje sadržaja fluorida (kao F-jon) u rastvorima upotrebom fluoridne jon-selektivne elektrode je jednostavno, pouzdano i jeftino. Fluorid-selektivnom elektrodom mogu se odrediti veoma niske koncentracije fluorid-jona (do 10-6 mol/dm3), uz regulisanje jonske jačine rastvora i kontrolisanje koncentracije hidroksid-jona i interferirajućih jona metala. Uticaj pH i kompleksirajućih jona metala može se uspešno regulisati rastvorom TISABa i održavanjem pH vrednosti u oblasti od 5,00 do 7,00. Sadržaj fluorida u uzorcima može se odrediti metodom direktne potenciometrije, a u slučaju veoma niskih koncentracije, metodom standardnog dodatka. U radu je vršeno određivanje koncentracije F--jona u flaširanim mineralnim vodama ('Vujić voda', 'Rosa', 'Duboka', 'Voda-voda', 'Aqua viva', 'Knjaz Miloš') i vodi iz beogradskog vodovoda sa dve beogradske opštine (Palilula i Novi Beograd) i u čajevima (Divlja nana (Mentha piperitae folium), Čaj od žalfije (Salviae officinalis), Čaj od kantariona (Hypericum perforatum), 'Domaća nana' (Mentha piperita L.), Čaj od kamilice (Chamomillae flos)), upotrebom fluorid-selektivne elektrode. Uočeno je da sadržaj fluorid-jona u flaširanim mineralnim vodama znatno odstupa od vrednosti koje su date na deklaraciji, ali i da sadržaj fluorid-jona varira tokom vremena. Sadržaj fluorid-jona u vodi iz vodovoda sa dve beogradske opštine, u vreme analiziranja je znatno povećan i premašuje vrednosti propisane Pravilnikom o kvalitetu vode za piće. Dobijeni rezultati ispitivanja fluorida u čajevima ukazuju da se fluoridi nalaze u čajevima u različitim koncentracijama. Do razlike dolazi i među istim vrstama čaja, što je zabeleženo kod nane (Mentha piperitae folium), što je posledica pre svega zemljišta na kojem je nana uzgajana. Kako je, saglasno preporukama Svetske zdravstvene organizacije (SZO), unošenje fluorida limitirano u opsegu 2 do 4 mg dnevno, na svim proizvodima koji se koriste u humanoj upotrebi potrebno je navesti i sadržaj fluorida

Određivanje titracione kiselosti u belom vinu

The amount of titration acid in must is in the largest number of cases with in the range 5.0-8.0 g/dm3. Wines, as a rule, contain less acids than must, and according to Regulations, titratable acidity is in the range of 4.0-8.0 g/dm3 expressed in tartaric acid, because a part of tartaric acid is deposited in the form of salts (tartar or argol) during alcohol fermentation. For wines that contain less than 4 g/dm3 of titratable acids there arises a suspicion about their origin, that is, that during the preparation some illegal acts were done. Because of that, the aim of this paper is to determine titratable acidity in white wine, using standard methods of determination, which are compared with the results received by potentiometric titration using ion-selective electrode. According to the received results it can be seen that wine titration with indicator gives sufficient reliable values of wine titration acidity. However, as potentiometric titration at pH value 7.00 is more reliable and objective method, the values of titratable acids content in wine, expressed through tartaric acid, are given according to this result. The analysis of differential potentiometric curves shows that these curves can give us an answer to the question of the presence of a larger amount of other nonorganic substances, which have already existed in wine. However, none of the used methods gives absolutely reliable answer what substances are present in analysed samples.Količina titracionih kiselina u širi se, u najvećem broju slučajeva, kreće između 5 i 8 g/dm3. Vina, po pravilu, sadrže nešto manje kiselina nego šira, a prema Pravilniku, titraciona kiselost se kreće između 4,0 i 8,0 g/dm3 izraženo u vinskoj kiselini, jer se deo vinske kiseline istaloži u obliku soli (streša) u toku alkoholne fermentacije. Za vina koja sadrže ispod 4 g/dm3 titracionih kiselina postoji sumnja u njihovo poreklo, tj. da su prilikom njihovog spravljanja vršene nedozvoljene radnje. Zbog toga je cilj rada bio da se izvrši određivanje titracione kiselosti u belom vinu, standardnim metodama određivanja koje su upoređene sa rezultatima dobijenim potenciometrijskom titracijom uz jon-selektivnu elektrodu. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata uočava se da titracija vina uz indikator daje dovoljno pouzdane vrednosti titracione kiselosti vina. Međutim, pošto je potenciometrijska titracija, pri pH vrednosti 7,00, pouzdanija i objektivnija metoda, vrednosti za sadržaj titracionih kiselina u vinu, izraženih preko vinske kiseline, date su upravo na osnovu ovog rezultata. Analiza diferencijalnih potenciometrijskih krivih, ukazuje da ove krive mogu pružiti odgovor na pitanje o prisustvu veće količine drugih neorganskih supstanci, koje se već nalaze u vinu. Međutim, ni jedna od ispitivanih metoda ne daje dovoljno pouzdan odgovor koje supstance su prisutne u analiziranim uzorcima, već odgovor na ovo pitanje može pružiti jedino metoda jonske hromatografije

Comparison of two views regarding the nature of the X-H…phenyl interaction

There are two approaches in the analysis of the nature of the X-H…phenyl interactions. One is based on the assumption that atoms, bonds and the π plane belonging to the phenyl ring, are the points which can be involved in the interaction. The other states that center of the phenyl ring is the point acceptor. In this paper we compare two views using the directionality of the X-H vector and length/angle correlations relative to both assumed point acceptors. The results suggest that on the basis of this methodology there is no clear answer regarding the nature of the acceptor site in the phenyl ring.Physical chemistry 2004 : 7th international conference on fundamental and applied aspects of physical chemistry; Belgrade (Serbia); 21-23 September 200

Optimization of fire risk management models in the institutions for the enforcement of criminal sanctions in the Republic of Serbia

Реализовано теоријско и емпиријско истраживање у оквиру ове докторске дисертације усмерено је на сагледавање актуелног стања у области управљања ризиком од пожара као и саме организације и начина спровођења мера заштите од пожара у установама за извршење кривичних санкција у Републици Србији. Истраживањем су обухваћена питања која су дефинисана проблемом и предметом истраживања, циљевима и хипотетичким оквиром уз примену одговарајуће методологије. Циљ истраживања је био да се на основу теоријских и емпиријских истраживања и добијених резултата, изврши њихова презентација, дискусија и анализа и изведу закључци који ће бити основа за пројектовање оптималног модела управљања ризицима од пожара у установама за извршење кривичних санкција у Републици Србији. Када је у питању оптимизација модела управљања ризиком од пожара у установама за извршење кривичних санкција, за њих важе иста правила која се примењују у свим казнено-поправним заводима у Републици Србији. Систем управљања превентивном заштитом од пожара има за циљ широк спектар заштите у којима управљају службе за заштиту од пожара у свим заводима. Управљање ризиком од пожара и експлозија посебно је значајно за објекте са високим степеном угрожености од пожара (прве категорије), у циљу спречавања изазивања инцидентних ситуација и штетних последица, бољег разумевања ове проблематике и спречавања нехатног и неодговорног односа у спровођењу законских одредби, техничких прописа и норми и других безбедносних мера. Заштита од пожара је посебна област у систему безбедности, која даје значајан допринос укупном стању безбедности сваког система. Због тога, заштита од пожара треба да представља континуалан процес који се обавља константно, а посебно у системима у којима постоји реална опасност и ризик од пожара и експлозије. У раду су приказани и анализирани системи оптимизације модела и прорачуни управљања ризиком од пожара у установама за извршење кривичних санкција са студијом случаја КПЗ Пожаревац - Забела. Извршено је и емпиријско истраживање и анкетирање запослених и осуђеника у установама за извршење кривичних санкција кроз анониман упитник на основу кога су добијени подаци о чињеничним стањима ризика од пожара и саме организације мера заштите од пожара. Такође, поред обрађених тема у дисертацији је дат предлог оптималног модела за управљање ризиком од пожара у установама за извршење кривичних санкција у Републици Србији.Conducted theoretical and empirical research within this doctoral dissertation has been focused on the assessment of the current situation in the field of fire risk management, organizational risk management, as well as on the ways of implementation of fire protection measures within the institutions for the enforcement of criminal sanctions in the Republic of Serbia. The research encompasses issues that are defined by the problem and the subject of the research, objectives and hypothetical framework using appropriate methodology. Based on theoretical and empirical surveys and obtained results, the aim of this research was to conduct presentation, discussion and to analyse these issues, as well as to draw conclusions that will serve as the basis for designing an optimal model of fire risk management in institutions for the enforcement of criminal sanctions in the Republic of Serbia. When it comes to optimizing the fire risk management in institutions for the enforcement of criminal sanctions, they are subjected to the same rules which are applied in all penitentiary institutions in the Republic of Serbia. The fire prevention management system aims at a wide range of protection in which firefighting services operate in all institutions. Fire risk and explosion risk management is particulary important for objects with a high level of fire risk (Category 1) in order to prevent the occurance of incidents and harmful consequences, to better understand this issue, and to prevent the inadequate and irresponsible behaviour in the implementation of legal provisions, technical regulations and standards and other safety measures. Fire protection is a special area in the security system, which provides a significant contribution to the overall security situation of each system. Therefore, fire protection should represent a continuous process that is carried out consistently, especially in systems where there is a real danger and a risk of fire and explosion. The paper presents and analyzes model optimazation systems and calculations of fire risk management within institutions for the enforcement of criminal sanctions with the case study of JDF in Požarevac “Zabela”. Empirical research and surveys of employees and prisoners through an anonymous questionnaire were also carried out in institutions for the enforcement of criminal sanctions. In addition to the topic discussed in the dissertation, the proposal of an optimal model for fire risk management in institutions for the enforcement of criminal sanctions in the Republic of Serbia has been given

Influence of bioremediation conditions on biodegradation of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons in oil-type pollutants

Cilj ovog rada je bio da se na osnovu rezultata četiri različita eksperimenta objasni uticaj bioremedijacionih uslova na biodegradaciju zasićenih i aromatičnih ugljovodonika u zagađivačima naftnog tipa. Primenjen je ogled simulirane biodegradacije u laboratoriji, ogled ex situ bioremedijacije koji je izvođen u rafineriji nafte Pančevo od maja do novembra 2006. godine, ogled ex situ bioremedijacije zemljišta zagađenog mazutom koji je trajao od septembra 2009. do marta 2010. godine i ogled višestepene in situ bioremedijacije izdani kontaminirane naftnim derivatima koji je trajao od maja do jula 2012. godine. U prve tri ekesperimentalne studije za karakterizaciju supstrata korišćene su iste analitičke tehnike. Nakon ekstrakcije organske supstance, dobijeni ekstrakti su razdvojeni hromatografijom na koloni u četiri različite frakcije: frakciju zasićenih ugljovodonika, frakciju aromata, frakciju alkohola i frakciju masnih kiselina. U četvrtoj studiji nakon ekstrakcije dobijeni ekstrakti su razdvojeni hromatografijom na koloni u tri različite frakcije: frakciju zasićenih ugljovodonika, frakciju aromata i frakciju NSO jedinjenja. Pojedine frakcije u svim studijama su analizirane gasnom hromatografijom-masenom spektrometrijom (GC-MS). Tokom ogleda simulirane bioedgradacije u laboratoriji isptitivan je bioremedijacioni potencijal aerobnih zimogenih mikroorganizma iz zemljišta. Korišćeni mikroorganizmi su pokazali najviši bioremedijacioni potencijal u razgradnji n-alkana i izoprenoida, visok bioedegradacioni potencijal pri degradaciji fenantrena i metil-fenantrena i nizak pri degradaciji dimetil-fenatrena, sterana i terpana. Rezultati ovog ogleda simulirane biodegradacije u laboratoriji originalni su rezultati doktorske teze dr Mile Ilić111. U drugoj studiji su izvođeni eksperimenti ex situ bioremedijacije kontaminiranog zemljišta na lokalitetu rafinerije nafte Pančevo. Analizom uzoraka su ustanovljene promene u sastavu naftnog zagađivača samo u poslednjoj fazi ekesperimenta. Aktivnost mikroorganizma ogledala se u smanjenju teških komponenti nafte, čime je naftna zagađujuća supstanca dovedena u oblik koji se efikasnije može ukloniti iz zemljišta. Rezultati ovog ogleda ex situ bioremedijacije originalni su rezultati doktorske teze dr Vladimira Beškoskog 105. Milan D. Novaković Doktorska disertacija Rezime VI U trećoj studiji su izvođeni eksperimenti ex situ bioremedijacije zemljišta zagađenog mazutom. Deo „iskopanog“ zemljišta je odvojen u kontrolnu gomilu, koja je bila izložena prirodnim biodegradacijonim procesima. Tokom biodegradacionog ogleda uočena je preferencijalna i brža degradacija fenantrena u odnosu na metil supstituisane fenentrene. U poslednjoj studiji su izvođeni ogledi višestepene in situ bioremedijacije izdani kontaminirane naftnim zagađivačem. Na kraju eksperimenta uočena je kompletna degradacija svih ispitivanih jedinjenja, n-alakana i izoprenoida, sterana, terpana, fenantrena, metilfenantrena, dimetil-fenatrena i trimetil-fenatrena. Rezultati izloženi u ovoj doktorskoj tezi deo su velikog istraživanja tokom kojeg su primenom četiri različita pristupa detaljno i sveobuhvatno analizirani različiti aspekti bioremedijacije životne sredine zagađene naftnim zagađujućim supstancama. Kao sto je već naglašeno, rezultati ogleda simulirane biodegradacije u laboratoriji i ogleda ex situ bioremedijacije koji je izvođen u rafineriji nafte Pančevo od maja do novembra 2006 originalni su rezultati dve doktorske teze koje su odbranjene na Hemijskom fakultetu Univerziteta u Beogradu 111, 105. U ovoj doktorskoj tezi originalno su izloženi rezultati eksperimenta ex situ bioremedijacije zemljišta zagađenog mazutom i ogleda višestepene in situ bioremedijacije izdani kontaminirane naftnim zagađivačem. Ovi rezultati su prvo nezavisno prodiskutovani, a zatim i upoređeni sa prethodno publikovanim rezultatima celokupnog istraživanjaThe aim of this paper is to explain influence of bioremediation conditions on the biodegradation of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons of oil-type pollutants based on the results of four different experiments. Experiment of simulated biodegradation under laboratory conditions, experiment of ex situ bioremediation which was performed at the locality of the Oil Refinery Pančevo from May to November 2006, experiment of ex situ bioremediation of soil contaminated with heavy residual fuel oil which was performed during the period from September 2009 to March 2010 and experiment of multi stage in situ bioremediation of aquifer contaminated with petroleum derivatives which was performed from May to July 2012 were done. In the first three experiments for substrate characterizations the same analytical procedure was used. After extraction of organic substance, extracts were separated by column chromatography on fraction of saturated hydrocarbons, aromatics, alcohols and fraction of fatty acids. In the fourth experiment obtained extracts after extractions were separated by column chromatography on fraction of saturated hydrocarbons, aromatics and NSO compounds. Individual fractions form all experiments were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In the experiment of simulated biodegradation under laboratory conditions, bioremediation potential of the aerobic zymogenous microorganisms from soil for crude oil biodegradation was investigated. Microorganisms showed the highest bioremediation potential in degradadtion of n-alkanes and isoprenoids, a high potential was confirmed in the biodegradation of phenanthrene and methyl phenanthrenes and low potential was noted in degradation of dimethyl phenantrenes, steranes and triterpanes. The results of this experiment of simulated biodegradation under the laboratory conditions are original results of a doctoral thesis of Dr. Mila Ilić111. In the experiment of ex situ bioremediation at the locality of the Oil Refinery Pančevo, significant changes in the composition of the oil pollutant determined by analysis of the samples Milan D. Novaković Doktorska disertacija Abstract VIII occured only during the last experiment phases. The activity of microorganisms was reflected in the decrease of the heavy compounds, wherby the oil pollutant was transformed to a form that could be removed more efficiently. The results of this experiment of ex situ bioremediation are original results of a doctoral thesis of Dr. Vladimir Beškoski105. In the third study, experiment of ex situ bioremediation of soil contaminated with heavy residual fuel oil was performed. Part of excavated soil was separated into a control pile, which was exposed to natural biodegradation processes. A preferential and accelerated degradation of phenathrene versus methyl-phenantrenes was observed. In the last study, experiment of multi stage in situ bioremediation of aquifer contaminated with petroleum derivatives was performed. At the end of experiment complete degradation of all examined compounds, n-alkanes and isoprenoides, steranes, terpanes, phenanhtrene, methylphenantrenes, dimethyl-pehanthrenes and trimethyl-phenthrenes was observed. The results presented in this doctoral thesis are part of a large research in which by application of four different approaches thoroughly were analyzed various aspects of bioremediation of environment contaminated by oil pollutants. As already pointed out, the results of experiments of simulated biodegradation under laboratory conditions and ex situ bioremediation which was performed at the Oil Refinery Pančevo from May to November 2006, are the original results of two doctoral theses which were defended at the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade111, 105. This doctoral thesis originally presents the results of experiments of ex situ bioremediation of soil contaminated with heavy residual fuel oil and experiment of multistage in situ bioremediation of aquifers contaminated with petroleum pollutants. These results are firstly independently discussed, and then compared with previously published results of this whole researc

Cranial defect reconstruction: arteficial materials and autograft

Postoji veliki broj stanja koja za posledicu mogu imati nastanak defekata lobanje. Od samih početaka hirurgije kao medicinske discipline i veštine, popravka defekata u kostima, koje ostaju posle traume, vaskularne patologije ili tumora, predstavljala je izazov za neurohirurge. Glavni cilj bio je efikasno povratiti normalne barijere koje štite intrakranijalne strukture, obezbediti trajnu ili barem dugotrajnu rekonstrukciju, vratiti pritisak u kranijumu u normalu, što za rezultat često ima povlačenje patoloških neuroloških znakova, kao i postići zadovoljavajuće estetske rezultate. Kako je medicina, a u okviru medicine najviše hirurgija i imunologija, napredovala glavni metod za rekonstrukciju lobanje postala je upotreba koštanih transplantata, rebarnih graftova i graftova kostiju lobanje (split calvaria). Ipak, čak i koštani autograft ima neke nedostatke. U određenim situacijama, rekonstrukcija urađena koštanim graftom može dovesti do specifičnih komplikacija, među kojima su najčešće infekcije i resorpcija koštanog grafta. Kod velikih defekata lobanje, pogotovo kod pacijenata koji se leče od politraume, kost je često polomljena u veliki broj segmenata koji se ne mogu povezati i koristiti na zadovoljavajući način, ili bi ceo proces predugo trajao. Cilj ove doktorske disertacije bio je analizirati slučajeve kranijalnih rekonstrukcija u našoj Klinici u kojima je korišćen metilmetakrilat i koštani autograft, uporediti procenat komplikacija, i bliže objasniti faktore koji na pojavu komplikacija utiču. Konačno, cilj je doći do validnih preporuka za rekonstruktivne hirurge u vezi sa odlukom da li u određenom slučaju treba koristiti metilmetakrilat ili koštani autograft. Istraživanje je urađeno u obliku retrospektivno-prospektivne kohortne studije u koju su bili uključeni pacijenti kojima je urađena kranioplastika u Klinici za neurohirurgiju Vojnomedicinske akademije u Beogradu. Studija je obuhvatila pacijente koji su operisani u periodu od januara 2010. godine do decembra 2013. godine...There are many conditions which can result in cranial defects. Since the very beginnings of surgery as a medical field and craft, the repair of bone defects, often remaining after traumatic, vascular or tumor lesions, represented a challenge for neurosurgeons. The main goal has always been to efficiently repair the barriers protecting the intracranial structures, allow for a permanent or at least semi-permanent reconstruction, restore the cranial pressure to its normal state, resulting also in the normalization of pathological neurological signs, as well as achieve satisfactory esthetic results. As medicine, and most importantly surgery and immunology progressed, so have progressed the different methods available for skull reconstruction. The main methods have become the use of bone auto transplants, rib grafts and split calvaria grafts. Nevertheless, even the bone auto graft can have some disadvantages. In some situations, a reconstruction done using a bone auto graft can lead to specific complications, most commonly infection and resorption of the bone graft. In large bone defects, especially in patients treated for polytrauma, the bone is often broken into a large number of small segments which cannot be put together in a satisfactory fashion, or the whole process would last too long. The aim of this doctoral dissertation was to analyze all the patients treated at our Clinic to whom the cranial reconstruction was done using autologous bone and methilmethacrylate, to compare the number and percentage of complications, and closer explain the factors which could influence them. Finally, the aim was to arrive to valid recommendations for reconstructive surgeons regarding the decision to use methilmethacrylate or bone auto graft in specific situations. This study was done as a retrospective-prospective cohort study in which all patients to whom a cranial reconstruction was done using autologous bone or methilmethacrylate in the period from January 2010 until December 2013 were included..