Theory of the waterfall phenomenon in cuprate superconductors

Based on exact diagonalization and variational cluster approximation calculations we study the relationship between charge transfer models and the corresponding single band Hubbard models. We present an explanation for the waterfall phenomenon observed in angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) on cuprate superconductors. The phenomenon is due to the destructive interference between the phases of the O2p orbitals belonging to a given Zhang-Rice singlet and the Bloch phases of the photohole which occurs in certain regions of k-space. It therefore may be viewed as a direct experimental visualisation of the Zhang-Rice construction of an effective single band model for the CuO2 plane.Comment: 11 pages, 9 Postscript figure

Possibility of synthesizing doubly closed superheavy nucleus

The possibility of synthesizing a doubly magic superheavy nucleus, $^{298}114_{184}$, is investigated on the basis of fluctuation-dissipation dynamics. In order to synthesize this nucleus, we must generate more neutron-rich compound nuclei because of the neutron emissions from excited compound nuclei. The compound nucleus $^{304}114$ has two advantages to achieving a high survival probability. First, because of small neutron separation energy and rapid cooling, the shell correction energy recovers quickly. Secondly, owing to neutron emissions, the neutron number of the nucleus approaches that of the double closed shell and the nucleus obtains a large fission barrier. Because of these two effects, the survival probability of $^{304}114$ does not decrease until the excitation energy $E^{*}= 50$ MeV. These properties lead to a rather high evaporation reside cross section.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure

Exact Charged 2-Body Motion and the Static Balance Condition in Lineal Gravity

We find an exact solution to the charged 2-body problem in $(1+1)$ dimensional lineal gravity which provides the first example of a relativistic system that generalizes the Majumdar-Papapetrou condition for static balance.Comment: latex,7 pages, 2 figure

The Largest Blueshifts of [O III] emission line in Two Narrow-Line Quasars

We have obtained optical intermediate resolution spectra (R = 3000) of the narrow-line quasars DMS 0059-0055 and PG 1543+489. The [O III] emission line in DMS 0059-0055 is blueshifted by 880 km/s relative to Hbeta. We also confirm that the [O III] emission line in PG 1543+489 has a relative blueshift of 1150 km/s. These two narrow-line quasars show the largest [O III] blueshifts known to date among type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The [O III] emission lines in both objects are broad (1000 - 2000 km/s) and those in DMS 0059-0055 show strong blue asymmetry. We interpret the large blueshift and the profile of the [O III] lines as the result of an outflow interacting with circumnuclear gas. Among type 1 AGNs with large blueshifted [O III], there is no correlation between the Eddington ratios and the amount of [O III] blueshifts. Combining our new data with published results, we confirm that the Eddington ratios of the such AGNs are the highest among AGNs with the same black hole masses. These facts suggest that the Eddington ratio is a necessary condition or the [O III] blueshifts weakly depend on the Eddington ratio. Our new sample suggests that there are possible necessary conditions to produce an outflow besides a high Eddington ratio: large black hole mass (> 10^7 M_solar) or high mass accretion rate (> 2 M_solar/yr) or large luminosity (lambda L_{lambda} (5100A) > 10^44.6 erg/s).Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

Conformal Moduli and b-c Pictures for NSR Strings

We explore the geometry of the superconformal moduli of the NSR superstring theory in order to construct the consistent sigma-model for the NSR strings, free of picture-changing ambiguities. The sigma-model generating functional is constructed by the integration over the bosonic and anticommuting moduli, corresponding to insertions of the vertex operators in scattering amplitudes. In particular, the integration over the bosonic moduli results in the appearance of picture-changing operators for the b-c system. Important example of the b-c pictures involves the unintegrated and integrated forms of the vertex operators. We derive the BRST-invariant expressions for the b-c picture-changing operators for open and closed strings and study some of their properties. We also show that the superconformal moduli spaces of the NSR superstring theory contain the global singularities, leading to the appearance of non-perturbative solitonic D-brane creation operators.Comment: 22 pages, references adde

Exact Relativistic Two-Body Motion in Lineal Gravity

We consider the N-body problem in (1+1) dimensional lineal gravity. For 2 point masses (N=2) we obtain an exact solution for the relativistic motion. In the equal mass case we obtain an explicit expression for their proper separation as a function of their mutual proper time. Our solution gives the exact Hamiltonian to infinite order in the gravitational coupling constant.Comment: latex, 11 pages, 2 figures, final version to appear in Phys. Rev. Let

Maxwell stress in fluid mixtures

We examine the structure of Maxwell stress in binary fluid mixtures under an external electric field and discuss its consequence. In particular, we show that, in immiscible blends, it is intimately related to the statistics of domain structure. This leads to a compact formula, which may be useful in the investigation of electro-rheological effects in such systems. The stress tensor calculated in a phase separated fluid under a steady electric field is in a good agreement with recent experiments.Comment: 5 page

Non-equilibrium interface equations: An application to thermo-capillary motion in binary systems

Interface equations are derived for both binary diffusive and binary fluid systems subjected to non-equilibrium conditions, starting from the coarse-grained (mesoscopic) models. The equations are used to describe thermo-capillary motion of a droplet in both purely diffusive and fluid cases, and the results are compared with numerical simulations. A mesoscopic chemical potential shift, owing to the temperature gradient, and associated mesoscopic corrections involved in droplet motion are elucidated.Comment: 12 pages; Latex, revtex, ap