Enzymes immobilized in Langmuir-Blodgett films: Why determining the surface properties in Langmuir monolayer is important?

ABSTRACT In this review we discuss about the immobilization of enzymes in Langmuir-Blodgett films in order to determine the catalytic properties of these biomacromolecules when adsorbed on solid supports. Usually, the conformation of enzymes depends on the environmental conditions imposed to them, including the chemical composition of the matrix, and the morphology and thickness of the film. In this review, we show an outline of manuscripts that report the immobilization of enzymes as LB films since the 1980’s, and also some examples of how the surface properties of the floating monolayer prepared previously to the transfer to the solid support are important to determine the efficiency of the resulting device

The Bristol-Bath Urban freight Consolidation Centre from the perspective of its users

© 2017 World Conference on Transport Research Society Urban freight consolidation centres are part of the city logistics measures that aim to reduce the negative impacts related to urban freight transport activities, whilst at the same time providing a more seamless, higher-value logistics experience for their users. By collecting the goods destined to the target area and consolidating deliveries into one large delivery made by high-load vehicles, urban consolidation centres can relieve congestion and improve air quality. Significant benefits also accrue to the participating retailers, e.g. improved staff productivity and safety, the provision of pre-retailing services and recycling of packaging. The paper draws on the experiences of the Bristol-Bath freight consolidation centre (BBFCC), established in 2002 to serve Bristol city centre and uniquely extended in 2011 to cover Bath, each served by electric lorries; it appraises the benefits of shared ‘last mile’ freight services focusing in particular on the perspective of its users: the participating retailers

e-MATE: An open architecture to support mobility of users

As the world gets connected, people need to access information anywhere, anytime, whatever the device is (laptop, cellular phone...). They look for situated services that identify and package relevant context-sensitive information. Situated services for mobile people must integrate 1) user profile: who the user is; 2) space: where the user is; 3) time: when the user needs the service 4) context: of which services the user is surrounded by. A situated service is multi-modal, geo-referenced and personalized. A multi-modal service is available through very different devices. A geo-referenced service selects information according to the physical position of the user. A personalized service chooses only relevant information. This paper presents the main elements of an architecture that fosters the design, implementation and deployment of situated services. These elements can be organized into three processes: personalization, deployment and access to a service. Personalization is the process that chooses the right information and presents it at the right time with the appropriate user interface. The deployment of services is supported through application servers that supports from fat-client to thin client distributed schemas. The access to service is done through portals that enables to get the client part of the service, a service viewer then uses an object renderer to generate on the fly the user interface according to the device profile, the service features and layout information