The dark side of leadership: A systematic review of creativity and innovation

It is believed that workplace creativity and innovation are fostered by positive leader behaviours and positive workplace relationships and hindered by the opposite. However, some challenge this view, arguing that creativity and innovation can actually be fostered when employees experience what is increasingly referred to as the dark side of leadership and workplace mistreatment. Research on this area is sparse, contradictory and overly confusing. We begin by defining the dark side of leadership and then provide a comprehensive systematic review of 145 empirical studies on the topic. We review research on a broad range of constructs related to leadership and workplace mistreatment, such as abusive supervision, authoritarian leadership, destructive leadership, narcissistic leadership and relationship conflict. Our review reports the main effects, summarizes the results of the mediating and moderating variables, and highlights methodological shortcomings of the past literature. On this basis, several recommendations are made to advance this field of research

The entrepreneurial financing of the immigrant entrepreneurs: a literature review

There is an increasing interest in the phenomenon of immigrant entrepreneurship. Despite the growing number of studies, the financing aspect of immigrant entrepreneurship is still an emergent subject. In this paper, we critically and systematically review the field of the entrepreneurial financing of immigrant entrepreneurs. For this purpose, we conduct a two-step analysis of 37 systematically selected articles. In the first step, we provide an overall description of the field, while in the second step we perform a SWOT analysis on different aspects of the field, including the units of analysis, the main questions, and the use of theories and methods in the field. The review identifies gaps and weaknesses in the field, suggests potential opportunities for future research, and highlights some threats that could impede the implementation of future opportunities. Finally, the review suggests further questions to be explored for future advancement of knowledge in the field

Antecedents of collective psychological ownership in family firms. A multilevel configurational approach

Knowledge about the antecedents of collective psychological ownership (CPO) in family firms is limited, despite its relevance for theory and practice. To address this gap, we adopted a multilevel configurational approach, encompassing organizational and individual attributes, to consider multiple possible combinations of the causal determinants of the perception of CPO over the organization. The empirical data comprise a sample of 162 individuals from 33 privately held family businesses in Belgium. More specifically, we conducted a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), which was particularly appropriate given the aims of our study. By identifying distinctive configurational paths and three key mechanisms operating across such paths (socialization, identification and signaling), our results offer two important contributions. First, we contribute to the conceptual understanding of the antecedents of CPO in family firms, both for family and non-family members. Second, we expand the general literature on the paths leading to CPO by proposing an approach that combines individual attributes with organization-level features

The role of non-economic goals in academic spin-offs

Acting as a crucial link between academia and the business world, Academic Spin-Offs (ASOs) play a key role in translating innovative technologies from academic discoveries into commercial applications. Despite their potential for technological advancements, ASOs often struggle with challenges in financial performance and growth. Traditional explanations attribute these challenges to a lack of commercial resources and competencies. However, since ASOs often demonstrate prolonged survival, such explanations may not fully explain the paradox in ASOs’ outcomes. This paper offers a novel perspective, highlighting how non-economic goals, deeply ingrained in the academic context in which ASOs originate, shape their behavior and outcomes. These goals, related to the dimensions of control, identity, and emotions, go beyond financial gains, reflecting concerns that are specific to the academic environment. Integrating the organizational goals literature with insights from academic entrepreneurship research, we present a conceptual model describing the origins and nature of these goals and explain how they can help shedding light on some paradoxes in ASOs’ development, growth, and performance events. Our model bears significant implications for the academic entrepreneurship literature and related public policy

Are non-economic goals and financial performance friends or foes in hybrid ventures? A duality perspective on academic spin-offs

Research Summary: This study draws on the behavioral theory of the firm and a duality perspective to investigate the impact of founders' focus on academic goals on the financial performance of academic spin-offs (ASOs)—a specific type of hybrid venture. We theorize that such relationship follows an inverse U-shaped curve and is moderated by the degree of academic ownership. These hypotheses are tested using a sample of 179 Italian ASOs. Our findings indicate that when academic ownership is low, the relationship displays an inverted U-shape. Moreover, as academic ownership increases, the relationship flattens and eventually shifts to a U-shape. These results challenge the prevailing notion of inherent conflicts between economic and non-economic logics in hybrid ventures, demonstrating when focusing on non-economic (e.g., academic) goals enhances financial outcomes. Managerial Summary: Academic spin-offs (ASOs) play a pivotal role in science commercialization and often pursue academic goals due to their academic origins. However, the extent to which founders' focus on academic goals benefits or hinders ASOs' financial performance has remained largely underexamined. In this study of 179 Italian ASOs, we investigate the relationship between a focus on academic goals and firm performance. Our findings reveal that at lower levels of academic ownership, a moderate focus on academic goals is optimal for ASOs' financial performance. Conversely, at higher levels of academic ownership, either a low or high focus on academic goals proves optimal for financial performance. These insights can help practitioners improve ASO performance by aligning goal and ownership structures

Resource orchestration, socioemotional wealth, and radical innovation in family firms: Do multifamily ownership and generational involvement matter?

We draw from resource orchestration and socioemotional wealth (SEW) arguments to examine radical innovation in multifamily firms. We theorize that the weak coordination mechanism associated with multifamily ownership has a negative effect on the positive SEW-radical innovation relationship. Additionally, we argue that low generational involvement – the number of family generations involved simultaneously in the family firm's top management team – mitigates the negative moderating effect of multifamily ownership. Low generational involvement is a mobilizing mechanism that ensures that the family firm uses its SEW to produce radical innovation. We use a sample of Spanish firms to test our expectations. Our results show that firms realize the positive effect of SEW on radical innovation in concert with the leadership governance mechanism of multifamily ownership and low generational involvement. These results are important in that evidence suggests that radical innovation plays a strong role in family firms' long-term survival, success, and renewal. We conclude our paper with a discussion of the study's theoretical contributions and opportunities for future research

Careers in family business: New avenues for careers and family business research in the 21st century

The purpose of our special issue is to demonstrate how a careers perspective can contribute to the study of family businesses and bring to light how the family business context extends and challenges career theories and concepts. Inspired by the studies in our special issue and our review of previous research, we propose a conceptual model that leverages the concept of family embeddedness and intertwines it with career processes and outcomes. Building on the family embeddedness perspective, we propose several avenues for future research for family business and career scholars