Health Belief Model on Sexual Behavior Issues Among Prisoners at Prison in Pekalongan, Central Java

Bacground: One of the basic human needs to be fulfilled is sexual need. Prisoners face problem in their sexual need fulfilment and freedom, due to the prison's diciplinary system, including supervison, strict disciplinary mechanism, and enactment of spatial division between men and women. As a consequence, there often occur perverted sexual behaviors, including homosexuality. This study aimed to analyze the sexual behavior issues among prisoners at prison using Health Belief Model.Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative descriptive study with phenomenological approach. The main key informants in this study were prisoners having imprisoned for one year or more and officers at Class IIA prison, in Pekalongan, Central Java. The supporting informants included health personnel (doctors and nurses) at Class IIA prison clinic.Results: All informants reported that they were susceptible to engage in risky sexual behaviors in order to fulfil their sexual need, such as masturbation and homosexuality. The psychological adverse effects they had experienced included fear and feeling of embarrassment their perverted sexual behaviors were recognized by others. The informants reported that they did not have self-efficacy in coping with sexual need issues while in prison.Conclusion : The imprisonment system has an impact on the way inmates meet their sexual needs through masturbation. The role of prison officials is urgently needed to enable prisoners to address the problems of their biological needs through beneficial activities while in prison.Keywords: prisoners, sexual behaviors, Health Belief ModelCorrespondence: Liliana Dwi Pranita. Masters Program in Public Heath, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285647000303.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2017), 2(3): 232-241https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2017.02.03.0

Digitalization: The Way to Tourism Destination’s Competitive Advantage (Case Study of Indonesia Marine Tourism)

This article is a conceptual paper that proposes the importance of digitalization in marine tourism destination in order to significantly improve its competitive advantage. The digitalization should become a new capability as it supports the activities of value co-creation amongst the stakeholders including the customers. Digitalization will create resource integration, value platform and information-sharing models, while the pre-requisites for the success of its implementation are developing digital strategy, leadership and culture. National tourism digitalization movement, appoint seaports as leader in digital transformation, encourage collaboration intra- and inter-destination, and conduct intensive digital socialization and training.     Keywords: digitalization, digital capability, value co-creation, digital transformatio

Development of Emulsion Gel Sunscreen Containing Olive Oil and Clove Oil

Sunlight contributes to the healing of multiple health conditions, including in respiratory diseases such as Covid-19, by boosting the immune system. Nevertheless, too much sun exposure can cause sunburn and lead to skin cancer. To minimize the harms of excessive sun exposure, the skin needs to be strictly shielded with the use of sunscreen. This study aimed to develop an olive oil and clove oil emulsion gel preparation and determine its sun protective factor (SPF) value. Olive oil was formulated into an emulsion gel with varying concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 6%, and then 5% of clove oil was added. Physicochemical properties such as organoleptic, homogeneity, pH values, viscosity, and spreadability were tested. Further, UV protection was examined based on determining the SPF value, and the stability of preparation was evaluated using real-time and freeze-thaw methods. The results showed that the preparation had a good physicochemicality, while the SPF value was 20.91 ± 0.29, 22.52 ± 0.52, and 23.39 ± 0.45, respectively. However, the results of the stability test showed a significant change in the pH and SPF value after storage. It can be concluded that the emulsion gel of olive oil and clove oil preparation could be considered to have a medium level of protection of sunscreen. Keywords: olive oil, clove oil, emulsion gel, sunscreen, UV protection, stabilit

Quantifying aminoglycoside resistance in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales clinical isolates: a retrospective cohort study

AIMS Aminoglycoside resistance is frequently detected in extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE), questioning the appropriateness of aminoglycosides as empiric therapy in patients with suspected ESBL-PE infections. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of aminoglycoside resistance in patients harbouring ESBL-PE and identify patient-related risk factors associated with aminoglycoside resistance to facilitate early detection of at-risk patients. METHODS This retrospective single-centre cohort study included hospitalised patients aged ≥18 years with an ESBL-PE-positive sample between January 2016 and December 2018. Aminoglycoside resistance was defined according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) clinical breakpoints for Enterobacterales for the current year of testing. RESULTS Five hundred forty-four patients met the eligibility criteria, of which 240 (44.1%) harboured aminoglycoside-resistant ESBL strains. Identification of ESBL-Klebsiella pneumoniae was significantly associated with aminoglycoside resistance (odds ratio [OR] = 2.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.65–4.21, p <0.001) and an international travel history within the past 12 months was marginally associated with aminoglycoside resistance (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 0.95–2.42, p = 0.084). CONCLUSIONS In a low ESBL endemicity setting, aminoglycoside resistance in patients harbouring ESBL-PE is common, especially ESBL-K. pneumoniae, and needs to be considered in clinicians’ decision-making regarding empiric therapy regimens

Antibiotic Indications and Appropriateness in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A 10-Center Point Prevalence Study

BACKGROUND: Antibiotics are prescribed to most pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients, but data describing indications and appropriateness of antibiotic orders in this population are lacking. METHODS: We performed a multicenter point prevalence study that included children admitted to 10 geographically diverse PICUs over 4 study days in 2019. Antibiotic orders were reviewed for indication, and appropriateness was assessed using a standardized rubric. RESULTS: Of 1462 patients admitted to participating PICUs, 843 (58%) had at least 1 antibiotic order. A total of 1277 antibiotic orders were reviewed. Common indications were empiric therapy for suspected bacterial infections without sepsis or septic shock (260 orders, 21%), nonoperative prophylaxis (164 orders, 13%), empiric therapy for sepsis or septic shock (155 orders, 12%), community-acquired pneumonia (CAP; 118 orders, 9%), and post-operative prophylaxis (94 orders, 8%). Appropriateness was assessed for 985 orders for which an evidence-based rubric for appropriateness could be created. Of these, 331 (34%) were classified as inappropriate. Indications with the most orders classified as inappropriate were empiric therapy for suspected bacterial infection without sepsis or septic shock (78 orders, 24%), sepsis or septic shock (55 orders, 17%), CAP (51 orders, 15%), ventilator-associated infections (47 orders, 14%), and post-operative prophylaxis (44 orders, 14%). The proportion of antibiotics classified as inappropriate varied across institutions (range, 19%-43%). CONCLUSIONS: Most PICU patients receive antibiotics. Based on our study, we estimate that one-third of antibiotic orders are inappropriate. Improved antibiotic stewardship and research focused on strategies to optimize antibiotic use in critically ill children are needed

Why COVID-19 recovery must be gender-responsive

This summary highlights key learning from research from the Covid-19 Responses for Equity (CORE) initiative focusing on the impact the pandemic is having across different vulnerable groups and how gender intersects and often exacerbates these effects. Supported by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), CORE brings together 21 projects to understand the socioeconomic impacts of the pandemic, improve existing responses, and generate better policy options for recovery. The research is being led primarily by local researchers, universities, thinktanks and civil society organisations across 42 countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East

Pourquoi la reprise après la Covid-19 doit être sexospécifique

This summary highlights key learning from research from the Covid-19 Responses for Equity (CORE) initiative focusing on the impact the pandemic is having across different vulnerable groups and how gender intersects and often exacerbates these effects. Supported by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), CORE brings together 21 projects to understand the socioeconomic impacts of the pandemic, improve existing responses, and generate better policy options for recovery. The research is being led primarily by local researchers, universities, thinktanks and civil society organisations across 42 countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Middle East.Cette synthèse met en évidence les principaux enseignements tirés de la recherche menée dans le cadre de l’initiative Covid-19 Responses for Equity (CORE) axée sur l’impact de la pandémie sur différents groupes vulnérables et sur la façon dont le genre recoupe et exacerbe souvent ces conséquences. Soutenu par le Centre de recherches pour le développement international (CRDI), CORE réunit 21 projets visant à comprendre les impacts socio-économiques de la pandémie, améliorer les interventions existantes et générer de meilleures options stratégiques pour la reprise. La recherche est principalement dirigée par des chercheurs locaux, des universités, des groupes de réflexion et des organisations de la société civile dans 42 pays d’Afrique, d’Asie, d’Amérique latine et du Moyen-Orient.International Development Research Centr

Interlaboratory Comparison of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Phage Susceptibility Testing

Standardized approaches to phage susceptibility testing (PST) are essential to inform selection of phages for study in patients with bacterial infections. There is no reference standard for assessing bacterial susceptibility to phage. We compared agreement between PST performed at three centers: two centers using a liquid assay standardized between the sites with the third, a plaque assay. Four Pseudomonas aeruginosa phages: PaWRA01ø11 (EPa11), PaWRA01ø39 (EPa39), PaWRA02ø83 (EPa83), PaWRA02ø87 (EPa87), and a cocktail of all four phages were tested against 145 P. aeruginosa isolates. Comparisons were made within measurements at the two sites performing the liquid assay and between these two sites. Agreement was assessed based on coverage probability (CP8), total deviation index, concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), measurement accuracy, and precision. For the liquid assay, there was satisfactory agreement among triplicate measurements made on different days at site 1, and high agreement based on accuracy and precision between duplicate measurements made on the same run at site 2. There was fair accuracy between measurements of the two sites performing the liquid assay, with CCCs below 0.6 for all phages tested. When compared to the plaque assay (performed once at site 3), there was less agreement between results of the liquid and plaque assays than between the two sites performing the liquid assay. Similar findings to the larger group were noted in the subset of 46 P. aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis. Results of this study suggest that reproducibility of PST methods needs further development

Considerations for the Use of Phage Therapy in Clinical Practice

Increasing antimicrobial resistance and medical device-related infections have led to a renewed interest in phage therapy as an alternative or adjunct to conventional antimicrobials. Expanded access and compassionate use cases have risen exponentially but have varied widely in approach, methodology, and clinical situations in which phage therapy might be considered. Large gaps in knowledge contribute to heterogeneity in approach and lack of consensus in many important clinical areas. The Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group (ARLG) has convened a panel of experts in phage therapy, clinical microbiology, infectious diseases, and pharmacology, who worked with regulatory experts and a funding agency to identify questions based on a clinical framework and divided them into three themes: potential clinical situations in which phage therapy might be considered, laboratory testing, and pharmacokinetic considerations. Suggestions are provided as answers to a series of questions intended to inform clinicians considering experimental phage therapy for patients in their clinical practices