ANALYSIS, MANAGEMENT AND TRADE-OFF WITH RISKS OF TECHNICAL FACILITIES

Submitted work “Analysis, management and trade-off with risk of technical facilities“ deals with the all type of risks associated with the technical facilities, particularly with the complex ones, with aim to ensure their safety. It demonstrates the ways of work with risks at phase of identification, analysis, assessment, management and putting under control aimed to the safety of both, the technical facilities and their surround-ings (i.e. their mutual coincidence), and simultaneously respecting the current knowledge that the risks are locally and time-specific. The safety is understood as a property on the level of the whole technical facility, which is determined by the quality of the file of anthropogenic measures and activi-ties aimed at the safe technical facility, and even at its critical conditions. Therefore, at safety make up, the publication proposes to monitor both, the public assets and the technical facility´ assets, and together to consider the diversity of their physical natures, vulnerabilities, and the constituent changes over time; which means contin-uously to solve emerging conflicts. procedures for the control and management of critical sit-uations. The publication “Analysis, management and trade-off with risks of technical facilities“ summarizes problems and shows methods and procedures for their solution based on system concept and present findings and experiences from practice obtained by detail research. It summarizes the results of specific research performed in project “Řízení rizik a bezpečnost složitých technologických objektů (RIRIZIBE)“ CZ.02.2.69/0.0/ 0.0/16_018/000”; detail data and results are in the Czech publication and in the CVUT archives

Principles for management of risks of critical infrastructure

On the basis of present knowledge, the critical infrastructure is a set of physical (technical and material), cyber and organizational subsystems of human system that are necessary for ensuring the protection of: human lives, health and security; property; human society welfare; environment; minimal functioning of economy and state administration. In these systems, the processes being under way make up the ground of dynamic development of both, the individual systems and the complexes. The paper is directed to critical infrastructure risk management. For improvement of critical infrastructure safety, it gives the basic principles for trade-off with risks that were derived at deep study of problems of technological facilities in practice

RISK MANAGEMENT AT TECHNICAL FACILITIES DE-COMMISSIONING AND SITE REVITALISATION

Book is dedicated to the risk management of the process that includes: putting out the technical facilities from the operation; carrying out the dismantlement of fittings, constructions and buildings; transport of usable fittings, materials and waste, and in need case after their decontamination in the site; cleaning up the released territory, and in need case to perform its decontamination; and passing the released territory in the next civil use. This process is very important to ensure the long-term security and development of humans. The way of problems solving is based on at the simultaneously preferred risk management concept, i.e., the risk management targeted to the terri-tory safety, and in particular operations, the safety is put above to the reliability. The present publication “Risk management at technical facilities decommission-ing and site revitalisation“ summarizes problems and shows methods and proce-dures for their solution based on system concept and present findings and experi-ences from practice obtained by special research. It summarizes results of specific research performed in project “Řízení rizik a bezpečnost složitých technolog-ických objektů (RIRIZIBE)“ CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/16 _018/000”

RISK MANAGEMENT AT TECHNICAL FACILITIES TYPE AND SITE SELECTION

Technical facilities are created by human activities, and their goal is to provide products or services for the humans´ lives. The technical facilities architecture is the object or the network. Each type of technical facility has its own specifics. Management of technical facilities´ safety is not easy and requires the application of specific engineering tools for coping with the expected risks. Due to complex architecture of majority of present technical facilities, their behaviours are sometimes unforeseeable, and therefore, special engineering tools need to be used at their type selection and sitting. In the past, the attention was not overly given to type selection and location of technical facility. Therefore, some technical facilities projects have not been completed, or after completing their operation have not met the expectations, or even they began to make serious problems, which meant substantial economic losses. Therefore, the book “Risk management at technical facilities type and site selection” deals with the problem of specification of the type of technical facilities and their location in the territory. It summarizes results of specific research performed in project “Řízení rizik a bezpečnost složitých technologických objektů (RIRIZIBE)“ CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/ 16 _018/000”. Since, the deciding body on the subject is the public administration, they are compiled decision support and the risk management plan

RISK MANAGEMENT AT TECHNICAL FACILITIES DESIGNING, BUILDING AND COMMISSIONING

The publication subject is to show the risk management of complex technical facilities at a stage involving the design, construction, outfit by technology equipment, testing and commissioning. The safety of this technical facility is related to the entire technical facility because, as a result of the interconnections among different parts, the set of the safe parts is generally not safe. The safety also considers the dynamic evolution of the world. Therefore, it is going on managing the risks caused by all possible causes in time and space. Based on the original database of failures and accidents of technical facilities, which also included weaknesses in the area of design, building, construction, testing and commissioning, they are determined the basic categories of risk causes. Through the procedures of advanced risk disciplines, there are developed the tools for working with risks in the monitored stage of the technical facility aimed at ensuring the technical facility safety throughout its life time, namely: decision support system; and risk management plan. Both tools are in two versions. The book shortly summarizes results of specific research performed in project “Řízení rizik a bezpečnost složitých technologických objektů (RIRIZIBE)“ CZ.02.2.69/0.0 /0.0/16_018/000”. The detail results are in original Czech monograph, which is cited

RISK MANAGEMENT AND SETTLEMENT AT TECHNICAL FACILITIES OPERATION

The monograph deals with a risk management at the technical facilities operation for the benefit of safety; the management aim is to ensure their co-existence with their vicinity throughout their life cycles. The accidents´ and failures´ studies show that important factor is correct perfor-mance of responsibilities on different management levels. Assessment of legislations and organizations of present States shows that for technical facilities safety, they are also responsible politics and public administration. The present knowledge shows that for prevention of accidents and failures, it is necessary to avoid to: large mistakes in risk prevention; and origination of small mistakes, the realization of which in short time interval is dangerous. For this purpose, it is developed tool “Decision Support System” for determination of risk level of tech-nical facility during the operation respecting the present knowledge on technical facili-ties´ risks and safety and the lessons learned from the past accidents and failures of technical facilities, the causes of which were connected with their operation. Due to dynamic world development, technical facilities parts ageing, wear and tear, and limited human knowledge, sources and capabilities, the technical facilities´ management and public administration need to be prepared for future risk realizations, which can be different from the present ones. For this purpose, it is developed tool “Risk Management Plan” respecting the present knowledge on technical facilities´ responses and the lessons learned from the past responses to accidents and fail-ures of technical facilities, the causes of which were connected with their operation

Affiliation of Optimum Risk Engineering Tools to technical Facility Management Main Targets Achievement

: THE STUDY OF ACCIDENTS AND FAILURES OF COMPLEX TECHNICAL FACILITIES HAS SHOWN THAT IN MANY CASES, THESE PHENOMENA OCCUR WHEN THE TECHNICAL FACILITY INTEGRAL RISK EXCEEDS THE CERTAIN CRITICALITY RATE, I.E. ALSO IF LARGER NUMBER OF SMALL RISK SOURCES EXECUTES IN TECHNICAL FACILITY IN A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME AND THEIR IMPACTS ARE SPECIALLY INTERCONNECTED. THE PRESENT RISK ENGINEERING TOOLS ARE DIVERSE AND HAVE DIFFERENT REQUIREMENTS FOR DATA, KNOWLEDGE, PROCESSING TIME, I.E. FINANCE, AND PRACTICE IS OF COURSE INTERESTED IN THE LEAST DEMANDING TOOLS. THE ARTICLE SHOWS OPTIMUM RISK ENGINEERING TOOLS WORKING WITH RISKS FOR ACHIEVEMENT OF MAIN THREE TARGETS OF TECHNICAL FACILITY (RELIABILITY; SECURITY; SAFETY), WHICH DEPEND ON THE TECHNICAL FACILITIES´ COMPLEXITY RATE

Inhibition of NOS- like activity in maize alters the expression of genes involved in H2O2 scavenging and glycine betaine biosynthesis

Nitric oxide synthase-like activity contributes to the production of nitric oxide in plants, which controls plant responses to stress. This study investigates if changes in ascorbate peroxidase enzymatic activity and glycine betaine content in response to inhibition of nitric oxide synthase-like activity are associated with transcriptional regulation by analyzing transcript levels of genes (betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase) involved in glycine betaine biosynthesis and those encoding antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase and catalase) in leaves of maize seedlings treated with an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase-like activity. In seedlings treated with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, transcript levels of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase were decreased. In plants treated with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, the transcript levels of ascorbate peroxidase-encoding genes were down-regulated. We thus conclude that inhibition of nitric oxide synthase-like activity suppresses the expression of ascorbate peroxidase and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase genes in maize leaves. Furthermore, catalase activity was suppressed in leaves of plants treated with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; and this corresponded with the suppression of the expression of catalase genes. We further conclude that inhibition of nitric oxide synthase-like activity, which suppresses ascorbate peroxidase and catalase enzymatic activities, results in increased H2O2 content

Hydrophilic antioxidant compounds in orange juice from different fruit cultivars: Composition and antioxidant activity evaluated by chemical and cellular based (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) assays

Antioxidant capacity was evaluated by a cellular model (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and chemical methods (FRAP, TEAC and total phenols by Folin-Ciocalteu assay) in the hydrophilic fraction (phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid) of orange juices (OJs) from six varieties (Midknight, Delta Seedless, Rohde Red, Seedless, Early and clone Sambiasi), harvested in two seasons. The contents of phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid analyzed, respectively, by UPLC and HPLC were 370.04 76.97 mg/L and 52.05 6.69 mg/100 mL. Variety and season significantly influenced (p < 0.05) composition and antioxidant capacity. TEAC and FRAP values correlated well with individual hydrophilic compounds (R2 > 0.991) but no correlation with cellular assay was observed. An increase in survival rates between 23% and 38% was obtained, excepting for two varieties that showed no activity (Rohde Red and Seedless). Narirutin, naringin-d, ferulic acid-d2, didymin, neoeriocitrin and sinapic acid hexose and caffeic acid-d1 were the phenolic compounds which contributed to survival rates (R2 = 0.979, p < 0.01