Strategic distribution network planning with smart grid technologies

This paper presents a multiyear distribution network planning optimization model for managing the operation and capacity of distribution systems with significant penetration of distributed generation (DG). The model considers investment in both traditional network and smart grid technologies, including dynamic line rating, quadrature-booster, and active network management, while optimizing the settings of network control devices and, if necessary, the curtailment of DG output taking into account its network access arrangement (firm or non-firm). A set of studies on a 33 kV real distribution network in the U.K. has been carried out to test the model. The main objective of the studies is to evaluate and compare the performance of different investment approaches, i.e., incremental and strategic investment. The studies also demonstrate the ability of the model to determine the optimal DG connection points to reduce the overall system cost. The results of the studies are discussed in this paper

Benefits of demand-side response in providing frequency response service in the future GB power system

The demand for ancillary service is expected to increase significantly in the future Great Britain (GB) electricity system due to high penetration of wind. In particular, the need for frequency response, required to deal with sudden frequency drops following a loss of generator, will increase because of the limited inertia capability of wind plants. This paper quantifies the requirements for primary frequency response and analyses the benefits of frequency response provision from demand-side response (DSR). The results show dramatic changes in frequency response requirements driven by high penetration of wind. Case studies carried out by using an advanced stochastic generation scheduling model suggest that the provision of frequency response from DSR could greatly reduce the system operation cost, wind curtailment, and carbon emissions in the future GB system characterized by high penetration of wind. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the benefit of DSR shows significant diurnal and seasonal variation, whereas an even more rapid (instant) delivery of frequency response from DSR could provide significant additional value. Our studies also indicate that the competing technologies to DSR, namely battery storage, and more flexible generation could potentially reduce its value by up to 35%, still leaving significant room to deploy DSR as frequency response provider

Pengaruh Keberadaan Habitat Alami terhadap Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Serangga Pengunjung Bunga Mentimun

Keberadaan serangga pada suatu habitat pertanian dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor salah satunya adalah habitat alami. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh jarak habitat alami terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan serangga pengunjung bunga pada pertanaman mentimun. Penelitian dilakukan di lahan mentimun pada 12 lokasi yang terletak di Kabupaten Bogor, Cianjur, dan Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Jarak habitat alami dengan lahan pertanian dikategorikan dalam dua kelompok, yaitu dekat dengan habitat alami (kurang dari 200 m) dan jauh dari habitat alami (lebih dari 1000 m). Pengamatan serangga pengunjung bunga mentimun dilakukan dengan cara menghitung jumlah serangga pengunjung bunga mentimun yang hinggap pada 100 unit bunga yang dilakukan pada empat transek berbeda. Penghitungan jumlah serangga pengunjung bunga dilakukan pada empat waktu yang berbeda dan pada hari yang berbeda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan jarak habitat alami dengan lahan pertanian berpengaruh terhadap keanekaragaman spesies serangga pengunjung bunga, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kelimpahannya. Spesies serangga pengunjung bunga dominan yang ditemukan di pertanaman mentimun adalah Aphis sp., Tapinoma sp., dan Thrips parvispinus Karny, sedangkan serangga penyerbuk dominan yang ditemukan adalah Apis cerana Fabricius. Jarak habitat alami dari lahan pertanian berpengaruh terhadap keberadaan serangga pengunjung bunga khususnya serangga penyerbuk yang memiliki peran penting dalam meningkatkan hasil pertanian

Komunitas Lepidoptera Dan Parasitoidnya Pada Pertanaman Mentimun Di Bogor, Sukabumi Dan Cianjur, Jawa Barat

Lepidopteran community and its parasitoid on cucumber field in Bogor, Sukabumi and Cianjur District, West Java. Cucumber is one of horticultural commodities that are widely cultivated in Indonesia, but information related to Lepidoptera pests and their parasitoids are limited. The aim of this study was to obtain information about Lepidopteran community on cucumber and their parasitoid diversity. Lepidopteran larvae were collected from 16 cucumber sites in the District of Bogor, Sukabumi and Cianjur in November 2014 until May 2015. Larvae were collected from each cucumber plant follow along 60 m transects. Larvae were collected from the field then brought to the laboratory. All larvae were then reared on cucumber leaves until pupation and parasitoids emerged. The data obtained were tested by analysis of the mean and analysis of variance (One way ANOVA) using the program R Stat. The results showed that cucumber plants were attacked by six species (morphospecies) belonging to four families of Lepidoptera. Diaphania indica (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is the most abundant species found. All species (morphospecies) of Lepidoptera are more common when the cucumber plants are in the generative growth stage. Our result further showed that D. indica was attacked by 9 parasitoid larvae and 3 parasitoid pupae, C. chalcites (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by 5 parasitoids dan S. litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by 2 parasitoids. A braconid, Apanteles taragamae, is the most common parasitoid of D. indica found in the field. Its parasitism rate can reach 27% in the field. Overall, this research revealed that a number of parasitoids, that were found attacking Lepidopteran on cucumber indicates their potential use as biological control agents in this agroecosystems

Does Landscape Complexity and Semi-Natural Habitat Structure Affect Diversity of Flower-Visiting Insects in Cucumber Fields?

Presence of insects in agricultural habitat is affected by the surrounding circumstances such as the complexity and structure of landscape. Landscape structure is often formed as a consequence of the fragmentation of semi-natural habitat, which can negatively affect species richness and abundance of insects. This study was aimed to study the effect of complexity and structure of landscape on the diversity, abundance and traits of flower-visiting insects in cucumber fields. This study was conducted in cucumber fields surrounded by other agricultural crops, shrubs, semi-natural habitat and housing area, in Bogor, Cianjur and Sukabumi regencies, West Java, Indonesia. In a total of 16 agricultural areas, complexity and parameter of landscape especially class area (CA), number of patches (NumP), mean patch size (MPS), total edge (TE), and mean shape index (MSI) of seminatural habitats were measured. Sampling of flower-visiting insects was conducted using scan sampling methods. The result showed that landscape complexity affected species richness (but not abundance and trait) of flower-visiting insects both for mobile and less-mobile insects. Flower-visiting insects also responded differently to landscape structure. Species richness, abundance and variation of body size of mobile insects were affected by structure of semi-natural habitat

Synergies and trade-offs between governance and costs in electricity system transition

Affordability and costs of an energy transition are often viewed as the most influential drivers. Conversely, multi-level transitions theory argues that governance and the choices of key actors, such as energy companies, government and civil society, drive the transition, not only on the basis of costs. This paper combines the two approaches and presents a cost appraisal of the UK transition to a low-carbon electricity system under alternate governance logics. A novel approach is used that links qualitative governance narratives with quantitative transition pathways (electricity system scenarios) and their appraisal. The results contrast the dominant market-led transition pathway (Market Rules) with alternate pathways that have either stronger governmental control elements (Central Co-ordination), or bottom-up proactive engagement of civil society (Thousand Flowers). Market Rules has the lowest investment costs by 2050. Central Co-ordination is more likely to deliver the energy policy goals and possibly even a synergistic reduction in the total system costs, if policies can be enacted and maintained. Thousand Flowers, which envisions wider participation of the society, comes at the expense of higher investment and total system costs. The paper closes with a discussion of the policy implications from cost drivers and the roles of market, government and society

Evaluasi Dan Optimasi Simpang Bangkong Dan Milo Kota Semarang

Semarang city as a big city develop rapidly as centre business, trade, and government in Central Java faced with transportation problems such as traffic congestion caused by the volume of road vehicles with the road capacity is not balanced. The result of analysis of existing conditions with reference, Bangkong Intersection dominant currents in the western and eastern approach that shows the performance of intersections with an average degree of saturation 1,218 that means in excess of the ideal number. In the eastern approach Bangkong Intersection in the peak of morning, afternoon and evening, long queue reached 95 m, 219 m, and 219 m. To value the average intersection delay 62.46 sec/smp , 235.24 sec/smp, and 137.68 sec/smp. While in Milo Intersection, average DS values 1,100 that means in the excess of the ideal number. Long queues at the eastern approach Milo Intersection in the peak morning, afternoon and evening is 108 m, 242 m, and 242 m. To value the average intersection delay with a value of 36.99 sec/smp, 65.39 sec/smp, and 108.16 sec/smp.To get the operation optimization Simpang Bangkong and Milo made simulations by showing 3 scenarios. It was made the scenario 1 is the green time adjustments resulting DS same value in every second approach the intersection. Scenario 2 is to change LTOR into LT with the result being a greater capacity, the DS becomes small, a larger queue length, and delay be small. Next, scenario 3 is made by changing into a one-way system. Here after devised scenario 3, is one way system to produce a DS value becomes smaller, a small queue length, delay values are relatively larger. For QL values obtained Bangkong Intersection 44 m, 40 m, and 99 m. the average of intersection delay values 46.88 sec/smp, 38.27 sec/smp , and 40.74 sec/smp. For Milo Intersection, the value of QL is 27, 15 m, and 18 m. Value of the average intersection delay 8.81 sec/smp, 32.60 sec/smp , and 7.61 sec / smp. The results of the analysis with 3 scenarios show that one way system scenario has better performance with consideration of this scenario prioritize large traffic flow from west to east and toward the opposite

Prothrombin Fragment 1.2 (F1.2) in Relation with Plasma Leakage Dan Thrombocytopenia in Dengue Infection

Latar belakang: Manifestasi klinis demam berdarah Dengue (DBD) adalah kebocoran plasma dan trombositopenia. Salah satu teori penyebab kedua hal tersebut adalah kadar trombin yang meningkat akibat aktivasi koagulasi. Kadar trombin dapat diwakili oleh kadar F1.2. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar F1.2 dengan kebocoran plasma dan trombositopenia pada infeksi Dengue. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang, mengggunakan plasma EDTA dari pasien terinfeksi virus Dengue. Subyek penelitian adalah 10 subyek dengan kebocoran plasma dan 10 subyek tanpa kebocoran plasma pada infeksi Dengue, 6 sampel berpasangan untuk perbandingan fase kritis dan fase konvalesen, 26 sampel untuk uji korelasi antara kadar F1.2 dengan jumlah trombosit. Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan kadar F1.2 pada pasien terinfeksi virus Dengue dengan kebocoran plasma (rerata ± 2SD) 147,4 ± 105,82 pg/mL lebih tinggi secara bermakna dibanding tanpa kebocoran plasma 51,3 ±39,92 pg/mL. Kadar F1.2 pada fase kritis dengan median 186,3 (108,6-223,2) pg/mL lebih tinggi secara bermakna dibanding fase konvalesen 46,5 (27,4-51,9) pg/mL. Terdapat korelasi negatif yang bermakna dengan kekuatan sedang antara kadar F1.2 dengan jumlah trombosit, nilai r = - 0,609. Kesimpulan: Terdapat peningkatan aktivasi koagulasi yang ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan kadar F1.2 pada fase kritis, berkaitan dengan kebocoran plasma dan trombositopenia pada pasien terinfeksi virus Dengue. Kata kunci: infeksi Dengue, kebocoran plasma, trombin, fragmen protrombin (F1.2), trombositopenia Background: Clinical manifestations of Dengue hemorrhagic fever are plasma leakage and thrombocytopenia. Both manifestations are thought to be caused by an increased thrombin level due to activation of coagulation. The aim of this study is to look for any association between F1.2 level and plasma leakage and also between F1.2 level and thrombocytopenia in Dengue infected patients. Methods: This study used EDTA plasma from patients infected with Dengue virus. The study design was cross sectional. The thrombin level was represented by the prothrombin fragment 1.2 (F1.2) level. Twenty subjects were enrolled in this study, consisted of 10 subjects with plasma leakage and 10 without plasma leakage, 6 pairs of samples in critical phase and convalescent phase, 26 samples for correlation test between F1.2 level and platelet count. Results: In this study, it was found that the F1.2 level in patients with plasma leakage (mean ± 2 SD) 147.4 ± 105.82 pg/mL is significantly higher compared to patients without plasma leakage 51.3 ±39.92 pg/mL, and the F1.2 level in critical phase has a median of 186.3 (108.6-223.2) pg/mL which is significantly higher compared to convalescent phase 46.5(27.4-51.9) pg/mL. Also it was found that a medium negative correlation between F1.2 level and the thrombocyte count existed, r = - 0.609. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that there was increased coagulation activation at critical phase in patients infected with Dengue virus associated with plasma leakage and thrombocytopenia

Assessing the value and impact of demand side response using whole-system approach

This paper describes the whole-system based model called Whole-electricity System Investment Model to quantify the benefits of demand flexibility. Whole-electricity System Investment Model is a holistic and comprehensive electricity system analysis model, which simultaneously optimises the long-term investment decisions against real-time operation decisions taking into account the flexibility provided by demand. The optimisation considers the impact of demand side response across all power subsystems, i.e. generation, transmission and distribution systems, in a coordinated fashion. This allows the model to capture the potential conflicts and synergies between different applications of demand side response in supporting particularly intermittency management at the national level, improving capacity margin, and minimising the cost of electrification. The impact and value of demand side response driven by whole-system approach are compared against the impact and value of distribution system operator or transmission system operator centric (silo approaches) demand side response applications and the importance of control coordination between distribution system operator and transmission system operator for optimal demand side response is discussed and highlighted