Faktor yang Menyebabkan Masyarakat Tidak Menggunakan Hak Pilihnya dalam Pemilihan Gubernur dan Wakil Gubernur Tahun 2013 di Tps 5 Rt 4 Rw 1 Kelurahan Tuah Karya Kecamatan Tampan

Lately, most of the people of the city of Pekanbaru many who opted for abstention or abstain from voting in the democratic party of the people, due to the weakened and low antusiasi society to the General Election. In addition to the above problems finding the low level of community participation has also become a serious problem that occurs in each of the Sub-District of the election of the Governor and Deputy Governor of the city of Pekanbaru years 2013. Because of that conducted a study entitled "Factors That Cause Public Not to Use Rights Vote In Elections Governor and Deputy Governor in 2013 in TPS 5 RT 4 RW 1 Tuah Karyas Village Tampans Subdistrict".The purpose of this study is: 1) To determine the characteristics of the respondents chose to abstain from voting on the election of governor and lieutenant governor in 2013 on the TPS 5 RT 4 RW 1 Tuah Karyas Village Tampans Subdistrict. 2) To determine the cause of the people chose to abstain from voting on the election of governor and lieutenant governor in 2013 on the TPS 5 RT 4 RW 1 Tuah Karyas Village Tampans Subdistrict. To determine the factors that cause people chose to abstain from voting on the election of governor and lieutenantgovernor in 2013 on the TPS 5 RT 4 RW 1 Tuah Karyas Village Tampans Subdistrict. 3) To determine the relationship of socio-economic background of the respondents who chose to abstain from voting on the election of governor and lieutenant governor in 2013 on the TPS 5 RT 4 RW 1 Tuah Karyas Village Tampans Subdistrict.The benefits of this research are: 1) It is expected that these results obtained contribute ideas for the development of the science of sociology. 2) As an input and information for other researchers in further research, so that it can add a reference to the study of science as well as other existing beneficial to the development of the academic world in the future.The procedure of this study can be seen from the following steps: the issues examined in this study is what factors are causing the people in the polling station 5 RT.4 RW.1 jl. Organization, Work Tuah Village, District of Kampar. The method used in the study is the method of questionnaires, interviews, and use documents. Research tool used was a questionnaire that was developed with the interview. From the research results and conclusions: 1) Characteristics of voters who abstain from voting at the polling station 5 RT 4 RW 1 Tuah Karyas Village Tampans Subdistrict of respondents aged between 33-38 years who do not choose more than any other age (24%). 2) Most of the voters who did not choose to work as traders and students respectively of 6 people (24%). 3) The level of education they are mostly located at the upper secondary level (high school) as many as 12 respondents (48%). 4) Respondents who do not use their right to vote mostly Muslim, as many as 22 people (88%). 5) The majority of voters who abstain from voting are from ethnic Minang many as 10 people (40%). 6) Most of the voters settled in research sites in jl. swadaya, already including long over 6-15 years as many as 12 people (48%). 7) Respondents who do not use their right to vote most have incomes tend to be low, ie below Rp.1.500.000, - which is the minimum wage of Riau province.Keyword : Politic, Participation, Pilgubri 201

Consumer credit in comparative perspective

We review the literature in sociology and related fields on the fast global growth of consumer credit and debt and the possible explanations for this expansion. We describe the ways people interact with the strongly segmented consumer credit system around the world—more specifically, the way they access credit and the way they are held accountable for their debt. We then report on research on two areas in which consumer credit is consequential: its effects on social relations and on physical and mental health. Throughout the article, we point out national variations and discuss explanations for these differences. We conclude with a brief discussion of the future tasks and challenges of comparative research on consumer credit.Accepted manuscrip

Short versus long silver nanowires: a comparison of in vivo pulmonary effects post instillation.

BackgroundSilver nanowires (Ag NWs) are increasingly being used to produce touchscreens for smart phones and computers. When applied in a thin film over a plastic substrate, Ag NWs create a transparent, highly-conductive network of fibers enabling the touch interface between consumers and their electronics. Large-scale application methods utilize techniques whereby Ag NW suspensions are deposited onto substrates via droplets. Aerosolized droplets increase risk of occupational Ag NW exposure. Currently, there are few published studies on Ag NW exposure-related health effects. Concerns have risen about the potential for greater toxicity from exposure to high-aspect ratio nanomaterials compared to their non-fibrous counterparts. This study examines whether Ag NWs of varying lengths affect biological responses and silver distribution within the lungs at different time-points.MethodsTwo different sizes of Ag NWs (2 μm [S-Ag NWs] and 20 μm [L-Ag NWs]) were tested. Male, Sprague-Dawley rats were intratracheally instilled with Ag NWs (0, 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg). Broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were obtained at 1, 7, and 21 days post exposure for analysis of BAL total cells, cell differentials, and total protein as well as tissue pathology and silver distribution.Results and conclusionsThe two highest doses produced significant increases in BAL endpoints. At Day 1, Ag NWs increased total cells, inflammatory polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), and total protein. PMNs persisted for both Ag NW types at Day 7, though not significantly so, and by Day 21, PMNs appeared in line with sham control values. Striking histopathological features associated with Ag NWs included 1) a strong influx of eosinophils at Days 1 and 7; and 2) formation of Langhans and foreign body giant cells at Days 7 and 21. Epithelial sloughing in the terminal bronchioles (TB) and cellular exudate in alveolar regions were also common. By Day 21, Ag NWs were primarily enclosed in granulomas or surrounded by numerous macrophages in the TB-alveolar duct junction. These findings suggest short and long Ag NWs produce pulmonary toxicity; thus, further research into exposure-related health effects and possible exposure scenarios are necessary to ensure human safety as Ag NW demand increases

Studi Perbandingan Kenyamanan Pengguna RPTRA (Studi Kasus: RPTRA Akasia dan RPTRA Pandawa)

Salah satu kebutuhan manusia dalam menjalani hidup ini adalah melakukan kegiatan pada ruang terbuka. Ruang terbuka saat ini, sudah cukup mulau bermunculan, dan banyak yang dinamakan Ruang Publik Terpadu Ramah Anak (RPTRA). RPTRA mulai ada pada tahun 2015, sebagai salah satu USAha untuk mewujudkan program Kota Layak Anak (KLA). RPTRA yang berada di tengah area Perumahan ini, ada yang dibangun atas dana Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (APBD) serta ada yang dibangun atas dana Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membandingkan ada atau tidaknya perbedaan pada kedua RPTRA yang dibangun dengan sumber dana yang berbeda tersebut. Dengan metode penelitian yang dilakukan, yaitu metode penelitian kuantitatif, penelitian ditujukan untuk melihat perbedaannya

A novel HLA-B18 restricted CD8+ T cell epitope is efficiently cross-presented by dendritic cells from soluble tumor antigen

NY-ESO-1 has been a major target of many immunotherapy trials because it is expressed by various cancers and is highly immunogenic. In this study, we have identified a novel HLA-B*1801-restricted CD8<sup>+</sup>T cell epitope, NY-ESO-1<sub>88–96</sub> (LEFYLAMPF) and compared its direct- and cross-presentation to that of the reported NY-ESO-1<sub>157–165</sub> epitope restricted to HLA-A*0201. Although both epitopes were readily cross-presented by DCs exposed to various forms of full-length NY-ESO-1 antigen, remarkably NY-ESO-1<sub>88–96</sub> is much more efficiently cross-presented from the soluble form, than NY-ESO-1<sub>157–165</sub>. On the other hand, NY-ESO-1<sub>157–165</sub> is efficiently presented by NY-ESO-1-expressing tumor cells and its presentation was not enhanced by IFN-γ treatment, which induced immunoproteasome as demonstrated by Western blots and functionally a decreased presentation of Melan A<sub>26–35</sub>; whereas NY-ESO-1<sub>88–96</sub> was very inefficiently presented by the same tumor cell lines, except for one that expressed high level of immunoproteasome. It was only presented when the tumor cells were first IFN-γ treated, followed by infection with recombinant vaccinia virus encoding NY-ESO-1, which dramatically increased NY-ESO-1 expression. These data indicate that the presentation of NY-ESO-1<sub>88–96</sub> is immunoproteasome dependent. Furthermore, a survey was conducted on multiple samples collected from HLA-B18+ melanoma patients. Surprisingly, all the detectable responses to NY-ESO-1<sub>88–96</sub> from patients, including those who received NY-ESO-1 ISCOMATRIX™ vaccine were induced spontaneously. Taken together, these results imply that some epitopes can be inefficiently presented by tumor cells although the corresponding CD8<sup>+</sup>T cell responses are efficiently primed in vivo by DCs cross-presenting these epitopes. The potential implications for cancer vaccine strategies are further discussed

Inflammation and Immune-Related Candidate Gene Associations with Acute Lung Injury Susceptibility and Severity: A Validation Study

Introduction: Common variants in genes related to inflammation, innate immunity, epithelial cell function, and angiogenesis have been reported to be associated with risks for Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and related outcomes. We tested whether previously-reported associations can be validated in an independent cohort at risk for ALI. Methods: We identified 37 genetic variants in 27 genes previously associated with ALI and related outcomes. We prepared allelic discrimination assays for 12 SNPs from 11 genes with MAF>0.05 and genotyped these SNPs in Caucasian subjects from a cohort of critically ill patients meeting criteria for the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) followed for development of ALI, duration of mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital death. We tested for associations using additive and recessive genetic models. Results: Among Caucasian subjects with SIRS (n = 750), we identified a nominal association between rs2069832 in IL6 and ALI susceptibility (OR$_{adj}$ 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–2.48, P = 0.03). In a sensitivity analysis limiting ALI cases to those who qualified for the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), rs61330082 in NAMPT was nominally associated with risk for ARDS. In terms of ALI outcomes, SNPs in MBL2 (rs1800450) and IL8 (rs4073) were nominally associated with fewer ventilator-free days (VFDs), and SNPs in NFE2L2 (rs6721961) and NAMPT (rs61330082) were nominally associated with 28-day mortality. The directions of effect for these nominal associations were in the same direction as previously reported but none of the associations survived correction for multiple hypothesis testing. Conclusion: Although our primary analyses failed to statistically validate prior associations, our results provide some support for associations between SNPs in IL6 and NAMPT and risk for development of lung injury and for SNPs in IL8, MBL2, NFE2L2 and NAMPT with severity in ALI outcomes. These associations provide further evidence that genetic factors in genes related to immunity and inflammation contribute to ALI pathogenesis

Causal relevance of blood lipid fractions in the development of carotid atherosclerosis: Mendelian randomization analysis.

BACKGROUND: Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a subclinical measure of atherosclerosis, is associated with risk of coronary heart disease events. Statins reduce progression of CIMT and coronary heart disease risk in proportion to the reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, interventions targeting triglycerides (TGs) or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) have produced inconsistent effects on CIMT and coronary heart disease risk, making it uncertain whether such agents are ineffective for coronary heart disease prevention or whether CIMT is an inadequate marker of HDL-C or TG-mediated effects. We aimed to determine the causal association among the 3 major blood lipid fractions and common CIMT using mendelian randomization analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Genetic scores specific for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C, and TGs were derived based on single nucleotide polymorphisms from a gene-centric array in ≈5000 individuals (Cardiochip scores) and from a genome-wide association meta-analysis in >100 000 individuals (Global Lipids Genetic Consortium scores). These were used as instruments in a mendelian randomization analysis in 2 prospective cohort studies. A genetically predicted 1 mmol/L higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was associated with a higher common CIMT by 0.03 mm (95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.04) and 0.04 mm (95% confidence interval, 0.02-0.06) based on the Cardiochip and Global Lipids Genetic Consortium scores, respectively. HDL-C and TGs were not causally associated with CIMT. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm a causal relationship between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and CIMT but not with HDL-C and TGs. At present, the suitability of CIMT as a surrogate marker in trials of cardiovascular therapies targeting HDL-C and TGs is questionable and requires further study

The Active for Life Year 5 (AFLY5) school based cluster randomised controlled trial: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background Low levels of physical activity, high levels of sedentary behaviour and low levels of fruit and vegetable consumption are common in children and are associated with adverse health outcomes. The aim of this paper is to describe the protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) designed to evaluate a school-based intervention that aims to increase levels of physical activity, decrease sedentary behaviour and increase consumption of fruit and vegetables in school children. Methods/design The Active for Life Year 5 (AFLY5) study is a school-based, cluster RCT that targets school children in Year 5 (age 9-10 years). All state junior/primary schools in the area covered by Bristol City and North Somerset Council are invited to participate; special schools are excluded. Eligible schools are randomised to one of two arms: intervention arm (receive the intervention 2011-2012) and control arm (receive the intervention after the final follow-up assessment, 2013-2014). The primary outcomes of the trial are levels of accelerometer assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour and questionnaire assessed fruit and vegetable consumption. A number of secondary outcomes will also be measured, including body mass index, waist circumference and overweight/obesity. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline (prior to intervention when the children are in Year 4), at the end of intervention 'immediate follow-up' and '12 months long-term' follow-up. We will use random effects linear and logistic regression models to compare outcomes by randomised arm. The economic evaluation from a societal perspective will take the form of a cost consequence analysis. Data from focus groups and interviews with pupils, parents and teachers will be used to increase understanding of how the intervention has any effect and is integrated into normal school activity. Discussion The results of the trial will provide information about the public health effectiveness of a school-based intervention aimed at improving levels of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and diet in children. Trial registration ISRCTN50133740</p