A search for solar wind velocity changes between 0.7 and 1 AU

Simultaneous observations of the solar wind velocity as measured at the Pioneer 9 and Ogo 5 spacecraft during five solar rotations in 1968 and 1969 are presented. During this time, Pioneer 9 was traveling in toward the sun to approximately 0.7 AU while the earth orbiter Ogo 5 was spending long periods in the interplanetary medium. A comparison of the 3-hour averages of solar wind velocity obtained at both spacecraft indicates that the same basic solar wind velocity structure was seen at both spacecraft. There was no statistically significant dependence of average velocity on radial distance from the sun. The amplitude of variations about the average velocity apparently decreased with increasing distance from the sun; some but probably not all of this decreased variation is consistent with the exchange of momentum between high-velocity and low-velocity streams. The correlation coefficient of pairs of velocity averages computed from a corotation model decreases with increasing distance between the two spacecraft

A Sequence of Duals for Sp(2N) Supersymmetric Gauge Theories with Adjoint Matter

We consider supersymmetric Sp(2N) gauge theories with F matter fields in the defining representation, one matter field in the adjoint representation, and no superpotential. We construct a sequence of dual descriptions of this theory using the dualities of Seiberg combined with the ``deconfinement'' method introduced by Berkooz. Our duals hint at a new non-perturbative phenomenon that seems to be taking place at asymptotically low energies in these theories: for small F some of the degrees of freedom form massless, non-interacting bound states while the theory remains in an interacting non-Abelian Coulomb phase. This phenomenon is the result of strong coupling gauge dynamics in the original description, but has a simple classical origin in the dual descriptions. The methods used for constructing these duals can be generalized to any model involving arbitrary 2-index tensor representations of Sp(2N), SO(N), or SU(N) groups.Comment: version (with additional references) to appear in Phys. Rev. D, 20 pages, LaTeX, one embedded eps figur

Notes on SUSY and R-Symmetry Breaking in Wess-Zumino Models

We study aspects of Wess-Zumino models related to SUSY and R-symmetry breaking at tree-level. We present a recipe for constructing a wide class of tree-level SUSY and R-breaking models. We also deduce a general property shared by all tree-level SUSY breaking models that has broad application to model building. In particular, it explains why many models of direct gauge mediation have anomalously light gauginos (even if the R-symmetry is broken spontaneously by an order one amount). This suggests new approaches to dynamical SUSY breaking which can generate large enough gaugino masses.Comment: 23 pages. v2: references added, minor changes. v3: comment on non-renormalizable case adde

Color Superconductivity from Supersymmetry

A supersymmetric composite model of color superconductivity is proposed. Quarks and diquarks are dynamically generated as composite fields by a newly introduced strong gauge dynamics. It is shown that the condensation of the scalar component of the diquark supermultiplet occurs when the chemical potential becomes larger than some critical value. We believe that the model well captures aspects of the diquark condensate behavior and helps our understanding of the diquark dynamics in real QCD. The results obtained here might be useful when we consider a theory composed of quarks and diquarks.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, An error in Eq.(10) correcte

Supersymmetry and R-symmetry breaking in models with non-canonical Kahler potential

We analyze several aspects of R-symmetry and supersymmetry breaking in generalized O'Raifeartaigh models with non-canonical Kahler potential. Some conditions on the Kahler potential are derived in order for the non-supersymmetric vacua to be degenerate. We calculate the Coleman-Weinberg (CW) effective potential for general quiral non-linear sigma models and then study the 1-loop quantum corrections to the pseudo-moduli space. For R-symmetric models, the quadratic dependence of the CW potential with the ultraviolet cutoff scale disappears. We also show that the conditions for R-symmetry breaking are independent of this scale and remain unchanged with respect to those of canonical models. This is, R-symmetry can be broken when generic R-charge assignments to the fields are made, while it remains unbroken when only fields with R-charge 0 and 2 are present. We further show that these models can keep the runaway behavior of their canonical counterparts and also new runaway directions can be induced. Due to the runaway directions, the non-supersymmetric vacua is metastable.Comment: 19 pages, revised version with minor changes, references added, published in JHE

On the Z_2 Monopole of Spin(10) Gauge Theories

An "expanded" description is introduced to examine the spinor-monopole identification proposed by Strassler for four-dimensional $\cal N$ = 1 supersymmetric Spin(10) gauge theories with matter in F vector and N spinor representations. It is shown that a Z_2 monopole in the "expanded" theory is associated with massive spinors of the Spin(10) theory. For N=2, two spinor case, we confirm this identification by matching the transformation properties of the two theories under SU(2) flavor symmetry. However, for N $\ge$ 3, the transformation properties are not matched between the spinors and the monopole. This disagreement might be due to the fact that the SU(N) flavor symmetry of the Spin(10) theory is partially realized as an SU(2) symmetry in the "expanded" theory.Comment: 16 pages, LaTex, no figur

Brane Dynamics and N=1 Supersymmetric Gauge Theory

We discuss some aspects of the relation between space-time properties of branes in string theory, and the gauge theory on their worldvolume, for models invariant under four supercharges in three and four dimensions. We show that a simple set of rules governing brane dynamics reproduces many features of gauge theory. We study theories with $U(N_c)$, $SO(N_c)$ and $Sp(N_c)$ gauge groups and matter in the fundamental and two index tensor representations, and use the brane description to establish Seiberg's electric-magnetic duality for these models.Comment: 58 pages, harvma