New aspects and strategies for methane mitigation from ruminants.

The growing demand for sustainable animal production is compelling researchers to explore the potential approaches to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases from livestock that are mainly produced by enteric fermentation. Some potential solutions, for instance, the use of chemical inhibitors to reduce methanogenesis, are not feasible in routine use due to their toxicity to ruminants, inhibition of efficient rumen function or other transitory effects. Strategies, such as use of plant secondary metabolites and dietary manipulations have emerged to reduce the methane emission, but these still require extensive research before these can be recommended and deployed in the livestock industry sector. Furthermore, immunization vaccines for methanogens and phages are also under investigation for mitigation of enteric methanogenesis. The increasing knowledge of methanogenic diversity in rumen, DNA sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have paved the way for chemogenomic strategies by targeting methane producers. Chemogenomics will help in finding target enzymes and proteins, which will further assist in the screening of natural as well chemical inhibitors. The construction of a methanogenic gene catalogue through these approaches is an attainable objective. This will lead to understand the microbiome function, its relation with the host and feeds, and therefore, will form the basis of practically viable and eco-friendly methane mitigation approaches, while improving the ruminant productivity

Determination and expression of genes for resistance to blast (Magnaporthe oryza) in Basmati and non-Basmati indica rices (Oryza sativa L.)

One hundred and twenty two (122) genotypes of Basmati and non-Basmati Indica rice genotypes were evaluated for expression of resistance against blast disease under induced epiphytotic conditions. Disease severity (%) and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) parameters were used for screening the blast resistance. Only 13 genotypes expressed resistance against the blast disease. Nine genotypes carried blast resistance genes but, were susceptible under induced epiphytotic conditions. The rice genotype VLD-61 had no resistance genes; however, it expressed strong resistance against blast. An empirical breeding strategy for development of blast resistant improved varieties of rice was also discussed.Keywords: Magnaporthe oryzae, restriction digestion, molecular breeding, Basmati riceAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(26), pp. 4098-410

DATA SCIENCE IN FINANCIAL SERVICES: RISK ANALYSIS, FRAUD DETECTION, AND MARKET INSIGHTS

One area of interdisciplinary academic study that is thought to offer deep business insights is data science. The study's objective is to evaluate the value of market, risk, and fraud analysis in data science for enhancing financial services. Literature review: It is well recognised that using data science to conduct a risk analysis influences commercial organisations' decision-making when it comes to starting new projects. To enhance the banking sector's services, data science's fraud detection division is required. A more complex sort of data science called market analysis can give businesses important insights. Methodology: A study's methodological choice is crucial since it determines the validity and dependability of the research endeavour. In this instance, it may be said that the study adhered to a theoretical analysis as including theories aids in the investigation of the research problem. Findings and analysis: In the context of data science, risk prediction models are helpful since they facilitate the start of statistical analysis. In this instance, it should be noted that quick fraud detection is made possible by the efficiency of data processing and encoding. Thus, putting in place such a network can enhance market data analysis by helping to unravel data layers and patterns. Conclusion: The purpose of the study is to critically examine the effects of fraud detection, risk analysis, and market analysis. This project has focused on leveraging data science to improve financial services. It has been demonstrated that the study's critical evaluation has a significant influence on how data science is applied in the financial industr

Toward a theory of repeat purchase drivers for consumer services

The marketing discipline’s knowledge about the drivers of service customers’ repeat purchase behavior is highly fragmented. This research attempts to overcome that fragmented state of knowledge by making major advances toward a theory of repeat purchase drivers for consumer services. Drawing on means–end theory, the authors develop a hierarchical classification scheme that organizes repeat purchase drivers into an integrative and comprehensive framework. They then identify drivers on the basis of 188 face-to-face laddering interviews in two countries (USA and Germany) and assess the drivers’ importance and interrelations through a national probability sample survey of 618 service customers. In addition to presenting an exhaustive and coherent set of hierarchical repeat-purchase drivers, the authors provide theoretical explanations for how and why drivers relate to one another and to repeat purchase behavior. This research also tests the boundary conditions of the proposed framework by accounting for different service types. In addition to its theoretical contribution, the framework provides companies with specific information about how to manage long-term customer relationships successfully

Comparison of traditional physico-chemical methods and molecular marker assays for characterization of Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.)

This study was aim to review the efficiency of molecular markers and traditional physico-chemical methods for the identification of basmati rice. The study involved 44 promising varieties of Indica rices collected from geographically distant places and adapted to irrigated and aerobic agro-ecosystems. Quality data for physical characteristics and organoleptic evaluation observed in AICRP trials and fingerprints based on inter-SSR- PCR and SSR-PCR assays were used and all the varieties were grouped into two major distinct clusters based on distance matrices. The 22 varieties adapted to aerobic agro-ecosystem were classified into a single largest cluster. Both traditional and evolved basmati (EB) varieties were clustered with varieties adapted to irrigated agro-ecosystem. Estimates of genetic diversity between varieties adapted to irrigated and aerobic rice were more prominent than that observed between basmati varieties as was indicated by both the molecular assays. Estimates of physico-chemical quality parameters supplemented with organoleptic attributes were observed to be adequate to provide confirmatory unscrupulous identification of basmati rice.Key words: Basmati rice, physico-chemical characteristics, molecular markers, genetic diversity, organoleptic evaluation

Diversity and abundance of solitary and primitively eusocial bees in an urban centre: a case study from Northampton (England)

The apparent reduction of solitary and primitively eusocial bees populations has remained a huge concern over the past few decades and urbanisation is considered as one of the factors affecting bees at different scales depending on bee guild. As urbanisation is increasing globally it necessitates more research to understand the complex community dynamics of solitary and primitively eusocial bees in urban settings. We investigated the urban core of a British town for diversity and abundance of solitary bees using standardized methods, and compared the results with nearby meadows and nature reserves. The study recorded 48 species within the town, about 22 % of the total species and 58 % of the genera of solitary bees in the United Kingdom. Furthermore we found the urban core to be more diverse and abundant in solitary and primitively eusocial bees compared to the meadows and nature re-serves. Of particular note was an urban record of the nationally rare Red Data Book species Coelioxys quadridentata and its host Anthophora quadrimaculata. This research demonstrates that urban settings can contribute significantly to the conservation of solitary and primitively eusocial bees in Britain