Defect-unbinding transitions and inherent structures in two dimensions

We present a large-scale (36000-particle) computational study of the "inherent structures" (IS) associated with equilibrium, two-dimensional, one-component Lennard-Jones systems. Our results provide strong support both for the inherent-structures theory of classical fluids, and for the KTHNY theory of two-stage melting in two dimensions. This support comes from the observation of three qualitatively distinct "phases" of inherent structures: a crystal, a "hexatic glass", and a "liquid glass". We also directly observe, in the IS, analogs of the two defect-unbinding transitions (respectively, of dislocations, and disclinations) believed to mediate the two equilibrium phase transitions. Each transition shows up in the inherent structures---although the free disclinations in the "liquid glass" are embedded in a percolating network of grain boundaries. The bond-orientational correlation functions of the inherent structures show the same progressive loss of order as do the three equilibrium phases: long-range to quasi-long-range to short-range.Comment: RevTeX, 8 pages, 15 figure

The Politics of Identity, Recognition and Multiculturalism:The Kurds in Turkey

The politics of identity and recognition regarding the Kurds in Turkey has gained momentum since 2002 but has never been implemented fully. The rightful critics emphasising the continuity of the State's authoritarian character, however, have not so far analysed if their own normative suggestions are theoretically consistent and sociologically grounded. Based on the Author's fieldwork and contemporary social surveys, this article shows that there are conflicting views within the Kurdish community about the forms that the politics of recognition could take. By exploring the conflicts of interest within the Kurdish community from a bottom-up approach, the article concludes that the recognition of an authentic Kurdish identity is problematic sociologically. It is also more likely to harm than help the Kurds in the country from a normative perspective. The article explains how the quest for an authentic Kurdish political identity and attempts to generate it actually limit the individual autonomy and exacerbate the disparity between the Turks and the Kurds in the country.Publisher Statement: This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Kuzu, D 2015, 'The Politics of Identity, Recognition and Multiculturalism: The Kurds in Turkey' Nations and Nationalism, vol 22, no. 1, pp. 123-142, which has been published in final form at 10.1111/nana.12139. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving

Intramolecular hydrogen bond activation for kinetic resolution of furanone derivatives by an organocatalyzed [3+2] asymmetric cycloaddition

Herein, a formal highly enantioselective organocatalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition of furanone derivatives and azomethine ylides is presented. The success of this reaction resides in an intramolecular hydrogen bond activation through an o-hydroxy group at aromatic ring of the imine, allowing the formation of highly multifunctional bicyclic adducts with five stereogenic centers in a stereocontrolled manner. Furthermore, the reaction is paired to a highly efficient kinetic resolution of butenolides, achieving selectivity factors above 200. Using this methodology, furan-2(5H)-ones as well as furo[3,4-c]pyrrolidinones were obtained with high enantioselectivities. Quantum chemistry calculations reveal the crucial role of hydrogen bond formed between the catalyst donor-units and the two reagents, which modify their arrangement and promote effective facial discrimination resulting in a highly selective kinetic resolution. In addition, further applicability of the kinetic resolution process is shownPID2019-110091GB-I00, PID2021-122299NB-I00, TED2021-130470B-I00, TED2021-129999B-C32, “Comunidad de Madrid” for European Structural Funds (S2018/NMT-4367) and (Y2020/NMT6469), CEX2018-000805-

Perceptions of Local People Regarding Istanbul as a European Capital of Culture

Istanbul has been declared the European Capital of Culture in 2010, due to its past as the cradle of many civilizations and host to various cultures. Today, Istanbul still includes a variety of cultures, ethnic backgrounds, religions and socio-cultural levels. People with different origins, languages, beliefs and traditions are living together in the city. As Istanbul has received in recent years large numbers of migrants from other parts of Turkey, the gap between the lifestyles of residents has widened. Therefore, this research aims to determine the perceptions of Istanbul’s inhabitants, who have highly diversified identities and lifestyles, regarding the city as a European Capital of Culture. A scale to measure the construct of European Capital of Culture is also proposedEstambul ha sido declarada Capital Europea de la Cultura para el año 2010, debido a su pasado como cuna de diferentes civilizaciones y dueña de diversas culturas. Hoy Estambul incluye aún una gran variedad de culturas, etnias, religiones y niveles socioculturales. Gente de diversos orígenes, len-guas, creencias y tradiciones viven juntos en la ciudad. Debido al gran número de inmigrantes de otras partes de Turquía que Estambul ha recibido en los últimos años, la diferencia entre los estilos de vida de los residentes se ha incrementado. Por lo tanto, esta investigación aspira a determinar las percepciones de los habitantes de Estambul que gozan de diversas identidades y estilos de vida, en relación a esta ciudad como Capital Europea de la Cultura. También se propone una escala para medir el concepto de Capital Europea de la Cultura

Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of Fe(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes with 2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl) pyridine ligand

2,6-Bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine (L) ligand and complexes [M(L)Cl-2] and [Fe(L)(2)](ClO4)(2) (M = Zn, Cd, Hg) have been synthesized. The,geometries of the [M(L)Cl-2] complexes were derived from theoretical calculation in DGauss/DFT level (DZVP basis set) on CACHE. The central M(II) ion is penta-coordinated and surrounded by N3Cl2 environment, adopting a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry. The ligand is tridentate, via three nitrogen atoms to metal centre and two chloride ions lie on each side of the distorted benzimidazole ring. In the [Fe(L)21 (ClO4)(2) complex, the central Fe(H) ion is surrounded by two (3N) units, adopting a octahedral geometry. The elemental analysis, molecular conductivity, FT-Raman, FT-IR (mid-, far-IR), H-1, and C-13 NMR were reported. The antimicrobial activities of the free ligand, its hydrochloride salt, and the complexes were evaluated using the disk diffusion method in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as well as the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) dilution method, against 10 bacteria and the results compared with that for gentamycin. Antifungal activities were reported for Candida albicans, Khtyveromyces fragilis, Rhodotorula rubra, Debaryomyces hansenii, Hanseniaspora guilliemondii, and the results were referenced against nystatin, ketaconazole, and clotrimazole antifungal agents. In most cases, the compounds tested showed broad-spectrum (Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria) activities that were either more effective than or as potent as the references. The binding of two most biologically effective compounds of zinc and mercury to calf thymus DNA has also been investigated by absorption spectra. (c) 2006 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved