Mixed Symmetry Solutions of Generalized Three-Particle Bargmann-Wigner Equations in the Strong-Coupling Limit

Starting from a nonlinear isospinor-spinor field equation, generalized three-particle Bargmann-Wigner equations are derived. In the strong-coupling limit, a special class of spin 1/2 bound-states are calculated. These solutions which are antisymmetric with respect to all indices, have mixed symmetries in isospin-superspin space and in spin orbit space. As a consequence of this mixed symmetry, we get three solution manifolds. In appendix \ref{b}, table 2, these solution manifolds are interpreted as the three generations of leptons and quarks. This interpretation will be justified in a forthcoming paper.Comment: 17 page

XAI-Explainable artificial intelligence

Explainability is essential for users to effectively understand, trust, and manage powerful artificial intelligence applications

This image smells good: Effects of image information scent in search engine results pages

Users are confronted with an overwhelming amount of web pages when they look for information on the Internet. Current search engines already aid the user in their information seeking tasks by providing textual results but adding images to results pages could further help the user in judging the relevance of a result. We investigated this problem from an Information Foraging perspective and we report on two empirical studies that focused on the information scent of images. Our results show that images have their own distinct "smell" which is not as strong as that of text. We also found that combining images and text cues leads to a stronger overall scent. Surprisingly, when images were added to search engine results pages, this did not lead our participants to behave significantly differently in terms of effectiveness or efficiency. Even when we added images that could confuse the participants' scent, this had no significantly detrimental impact on their behaviour. However, participants expressed a preference for results pages which included images. We discuss potential challenges and point to future research to ensure the success of adding images to textual results in search engine results pages. © 2011 ACM

Toward helping users in assessing the trustworthiness of user-generated reviews

With the growing number of systems that provide user-generated reviews come new forms of trust relationships. User trust in vendors can be mediated by trust in either reviews or reviewers, or possibly both. These new forms of trust relationships might be affected by barriers to trust such as uncertainty about offered services and anonymity of users, as well as biased reviews. While current work is dedicated towards investigating the influential factors on trust, this study undertakes a different approach. First, it investigates the influence of interface design on users' assessment of trustworthiness. Second, it explores the way that interface design can affect users' perception of trustworthy and untrustworthy reviews and reviewers, by signalling the influential factors on trust. Third, this study investigates the effect of users' prior beliefs in the form of dispositional trust in the assessment of trustworthiness. To do so, an exploratory study gathering quantitative and qualitative data was conducted with 16 participants who interacted with a high-fidelity prototype. Our results show that users' assessment of trustworthiness is influenced by interface elements that relate not only to the review, but also to the reviewer, implying that trust in reviews is mediated by trust in reviewers. Furthermore, users' dispositional trust appears to affect the perceived trustworthiness of reviewers, especially because of elements relate to the reviewers' background, which transfers onto the reviews. Our results have implications for researchers and designers to help users' assessment of the trustworthiness of reviews and reviewers

Structure of the lightest tin isotopes

We link the structure of nuclei around $^{100}$Sn, the heaviest doubly magic nucleus with equal neutron and proton numbers ($N=Z=50$), to nucleon-nucleon ($NN$) and three-nucleon ($NNN$) forces constrained by data of few-nucleon systems. Our results indicate that $^{100}$Sn is doubly magic, and we predict its quadrupole collectivity. We present precise computations of $^{101}$Sn based on three-particle--two-hole excitations of $^{100}$Sn, and reproduce the small splitting between the lowest $J^\pi=7/2^+$ and $5/2^+$ states. Our results are consistent with the sparse available data.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

User trust in intelligent systems: A journey over time

Trust is a significant factor in user adoption of new systems. However, although trust is a dynamic attitude of the user towards the system and changes over time, trust in intelligent systems is typically captured as a single quantitative measure at the conclusion of a task. This paper challenges this approach. We report a case study that employed a combination of repeated quantitative and qualitative measures to examine how trust in an intelligent system evolved over time and whether this varied depending on whether the system offered explanations. We discovered different patterns in participants' trust journeys. When provided with explanations, participants' trust levels initially increased, before returning to their original level. Without explanations, participants' trust reduced over time. The qualitative data showed that perceived system ability was more important in determining trust amongst with explanation participants and perceived transparency was a greater influence on the trust of participants who did not receive explanations. The findings provide a deeper understanding of the development of user trust in intelligent systems and indicate the value of the approach adopted

Overcoming Psychologism. Twardowski on Actions and Products

This paper is about the topic of psychologism in the work of Kazimierz Twardowski and my aim is to revisit this important issue in light of recent publications from, and on Twardowski’s works. I will first examine the genesis of psychologism in the young Twardowski’s work; secondly, I will examine Twardowski’s picture theory of meaning and Husserl’s criticism in Logical Investigations; the third part is about Twardowski’s recognition and criticism of his psychologism in his lectures on the psychology of thinking; the fourth and fifth parts provide an overview of Twardowski’s paper “Actions and Products” while the sixth part addresses the psychologism issue in the last part of this paper through the delineation of psychology and the humanities. I shall conclude this study with a brief assessment of Twardowski’s solution to psychologism

Probability Models for Degree Distributions of Protein Interaction Networks

The degree distribution of many biological and technological networks has been described as a power-law distribution. While the degree distribution does not capture all aspects of a network, it has often been suggested that its functional form contains important clues as to underlying evolutionary processes that have shaped the network. Generally, the functional form for the degree distribution has been determined in an ad-hoc fashion, with clear power-law like behaviour often only extending over a limited range of connectivities. Here we apply formal model selection techniques to decide which probability distribution best describes the degree distributions of protein interaction networks. Contrary to previous studies this well defined approach suggests that the degree distribution of many molecular networks is often better described by distributions other than the popular power-law distribution. This, in turn, suggests that simple, if elegant, models may not necessarily help in the quantitative understanding of complex biological processes.