Dynamic load balancing algorithm complexity

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the asymptotic complexity inherent in a load balancing algorithm in a loosely-coupled network, where processor communication is achieved by message passing. The load balancing complexity depends on the network topology and the overhead of processor communication for each polling strategy. The best, worst, and average case analysis of the load balancing algorithms for the various polling topologies are presented. The polling strategies considered are local, global, and random polling. The complexity is presented as a function of the number of processors in the network

Land use/land cover mapping (1:25000) of Taiwan, Republic of China by automated multispectral interpretation of LANDSAT imagery

Three methods were tested for collection of the training sets needed to establish the spectral signatures of the land uses/land covers sought due to the difficulties of retrospective collection of representative ground control data. Computer preprocessing techniques applied to the digital images to improve the final classification results were geometric corrections, spectral band or image ratioing and statistical cleaning of the representative training sets. A minimal level of statistical verification was made based upon the comparisons between the airphoto estimates and the classification results. The verifications provided a further support to the selection of MSS band 5 and 7. It also indicated that the maximum likelihood ratioing technique can achieve more agreeable classification results with the airphoto estimates than the stepwise discriminant analysis

Velocity Distributions and Correlations in Homogeneously Heated Granular Media

We compare the steady state velocity distributions from our three-dimensional inelastic hard sphere molecular dynamics simulation for homogeneously heated granular media, with the predictions of a mean field-type Enskog-Boltzmann equation for inelastic hard spheres [van Noije & Ernst, Gran. Matt. {\bf 1}, 57 (1998)]. Although we find qualitative agreement for all values of density and inelasticity, the quantitative disagreement approaches $\sim 40$ at high inelasticity or density. By contrast the predictions of the pseudo-Maxwell molecule model [Carrillo, Cercignani & Gamba, Phys. Rev. E, {\bf 62}, 7700 (2000)] are both qualitatively and quantitatively different from those of our simulation. We also measure short-range and long-range velocity correlations exhibiting non-zero correlations at contact before the collision, and being consistent with a slow algebraic decay over a decade in the unit of the diameter of the particle, proportional to $r^{-(1+\alpha)}$, where $0.2 < \alpha < 0.3$. The existence of these correlations imply the failure of the molecular chaos assumption and the mean field approximation, which is responsible for the quantitative disagreement of the inelastic hard sphere kinetic theory.Comment: 23 pages, 15 figures, Phys. Rev. E, in pres

Sequential Changes of Plasma C-Reactive Protein, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate and White Blood Cell Count in Spine Surgery : Comparison between Lumbar Open Discectomy and Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion.

ObjectiveC-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) are often utilized to evaluate for postoperative infection. Abnormal values may be detected after surgery even in case of non-infection because of muscle injury, transfusion, which disturbed prompt perioperative management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the perioperative CRP, ESR, and white blood cell (WBC) counts after spine surgery, which was proved to be non-infection.MethodsTwenty patients of lumbar open discectomy (LOD) and 20 patients of posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) were enrolled in this study. Preoperative and postoperative prophylactic antibiotics were administered routinely for 7 days. Blood samples were obtained one day before surgery and postoperative day (POD) 1, POD3, and POD7. Using repeated measures ANOVA, changes in effect measures over time and between groups over time were assessed. All data analysis was conducted using SAS v.9.1.ResultsChanges in CRP, within treatment groups over time and between treatment groups over time were both statistically significant F(3,120)=5.05, p=0.003 and F(1,39)=7.46, p=0.01, respectively. Most dramatic changes were decreases in the LOD group on POD3 and POD7. Changes in ESR, within treatment groups over time and between treatment groups over time were also found to be statistically significant, F(3,120)=6.67, p=0.0003 and F(1,39)=3.99, p=0.01, respectively. Changes in WBC values also were be statistically significant within groups over time, F(3,120)=40.52, p&lt;0.001, however, no significant difference was found in between groups WBC levels over time, F(1,39)=0.02, p=0.89.ConclusionWe found that, dramatic decrease of CRP was detected on POD3 and POD7 in LOD group of non-infection and dramatic increase of ESR on POD3 and POD7 in PLIF group of non-infection. We also assumed that CRP would be more effective and sensitive parameter especially in LOD than PLIF for early detection of infectious complications. Awareness of the typical pattern of CRP, ESR, and WBC may help to evaluate the early postoperative course

Photonic band gap and x-ray optics in warm dense matter

Photonic band gaps for the soft x-rays, formed in the periodic structures of solids or dense plasmas, are theoretically investigated. Optical manipulation mechanisms for the soft x-rays, which are based on these band gaps, are computationally demonstrated. The reflection and amplification of the soft x-rays, and the compression and stretching of chirped soft x-ray pulses are discussed. A scheme for lasing with atoms with two energy levels, utilizing the band gap, is also studied.Comment: 3 figures, will be published on Po

How dsDNA breathing enhances its flexibility and instability on short length scales

We study the unexpected high flexibility of short dsDNA which recently has been reported by a number of experiments. Via the Langevin dynamics simulation of our Breathing DNA model, first we observe the formation of bubbles within the duplex and also forks at the ends, with the size distributions independent of the contour length. We find that these local denaturations at a physiological temperature, despite their rare and transient presence, can lower the persistence length drastically for a short DNA segment in agreement with experiment

Emergence of gravity from interacting simplices

We consider a statistical model of interacting 4-simplices fluctuating in an N-dimensional target space. We argue that a gravitational theory may arise as a low energy effective theory in a strongly interacting phase where the simplices form clusters with an emergent space and time with the Euclidean signature. In the large N limit, two possible phases are discussed, that is, `gravitational Coulomb phase' and `gravitational Higgs phase'.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures, one-column format; major revisions in version 5 : reviews on emergent gauge theories added; microscopic simplex model for emergent gravity added; erroneous statements on diffeomorphism invariance remove

Stability of the U(1) spin liquid with spinon Fermi surface in 2+1 dimensions

We study the stability of the 2+1 dimensional U(1) spin liquid state against proliferation of instantons in the presence of spinon Fermi surface. By mapping the spinon Fermi surface into an infinite set of 1+1 dimensional chiral fermions, it is argued that an instanton has an infinite scaling dimension for any nonzero number of spinon flavors. Therefore, the spin liquid phase is stable against instantons and the non-compact U(1) gauge theory is a good low energy description.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, v3) minor corrections, to appear in PR