Study of the features of masticatory efficiency in patients with acute cerebrovascular disorder by hemitype

The attention of dental researchers is constantly focused on assessing the quality of treatment for various pathologies of the dentоalveolar system, determining disorders of occlusal correlations, treatment, and prevention of diseases of the temporomandibular joint and periodontal tissue pathology. Numerous studies on the above aspects contain information on the characteristics of masticatory efficiency as one of the most vivid markers of orthopedic treatment, as it allows dentists to determine the quality of actual masticatory performance.The issues of functional diagnostics at the stages of rehabilitation of patients with partial defects of the dentition remain relevant, and therefore, the indicators of masticatory efficiency in prosthetics with removable dentures will be one of the most important criteria for adaptation to them. The situation exacerbates when such patients suffer from somatic pathologies of a neurological nature, in particular, acute cerebrovascular disorder.The aim of the research was to study the features of masticatory function in patients with a complicated course of acute cerebrovascular disorder with the neurological deficit by hemitypeThe study involved 25 people with a complicated course of acute cerebrovascular disorder with the neurological deficit by hemitype and 20 people from the control group, aged from 40 to 65 years, for whom partial removable laminar dentures with acrylic base and retaining bent metal clasps were manufactured according to clinical indications. All patients gave their free and informed consent to participate in the study.The masticatory efficiency was determined using the author's method based on the principle of graphical analysis of fragments of the agar-agar masticatory sample with subsequent programmed calculation and computer processing of numerical data.The evaluation indicators were as follows: the total number of fragments of the chewing sample and the number of fragments with a fraction of 500-1000 pixel2.Statistical analysis of the results was conducted using the Statistica 10.0 software package for Windows, and it embraced the following:1. Assessing the distribution of values and their correspondence to the normal one in the population.2. Comparison of the results obtained before applying a removable dental prosthesis and 30 days after its application.3. Intergroup comparison of the results.Thus, we observed an increase in the chewing sample parameters in the period from the beginning of orthopedic treatment until the 30th day of observation after applying a partial removable laminar denture. Despite the general trend, in the group of patients with ACVD, the masticatory efficiency was lower than that of the control group, which is confirmed by the difference between the total number of fragments (<17.22) and the number of fragments with a caliber of 500 to 1000 pixel2 (<4.41). In our opinion, this is due to the peculiarities of adaptation processes in patients with ACVD, who present with a much longer period than patients without a somatic pathology.The study revealed that the masticatory efficiency, restored by prosthetics with removable laminar dentures in the group of patients with a complicated course of ACVD by hemitype, one month after treatment is at the level of 88.68 (total number of fragments of the chewing sample) and 17.04 (number of fragments with a caliber of 500-1000 pixel2), which is a relatively worse indicator as compared to the control group. Thus, the total period of orthopedic rehabilitation for patients with ACVD is longer

De novo CNV analysis implicates specific abnormalities of postsynaptic signalling complexes in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia

A small number of rare, recurrent genomic copy number variants (CNVs) are known to substantially increase susceptibility to schizophrenia. As a consequence of the low fecundity in people with schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental phenotypes to which these CNVs contribute, CNVs with large effects on risk are likely to be rapidly removed from the population by natural selection. Accordingly, such CNVs must frequently occur as recurrent de novo mutations. In a sample of 662 schizophrenia proband–parent trios, we found that rare de novo CNV mutations were significantly more frequent in cases (5.1% all cases, 5.5% family history negative) compared with 2.2% among 2623 controls, confirming the involvement of de novo CNVs in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Eight de novo CNVs occurred at four known schizophrenia loci (3q29, 15q11.2, 15q13.3 and 16p11.2). De novo CNVs of known pathogenic significance in other genomic disorders were also observed, including deletion at the TAR (thrombocytopenia absent radius) region on 1q21.1 and duplication at the WBS (Williams–Beuren syndrome) region at 7q11.23. Multiple de novos spanned genes encoding members of the DLG (discs large) family of membrane-associated guanylate kinases (MAGUKs) that are components of the postsynaptic density (PSD). Two de novos also affected EHMT1, a histone methyl transferase known to directly regulate DLG family members. Using a systems biology approach and merging novel CNV and proteomics data sets, systematic analysis of synaptic protein complexes showed that, compared with control CNVs, case de novos were significantly enriched for the PSD proteome (P=1.72 × 10−6). This was largely explained by enrichment for members of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) (P=4.24 × 10−6) and neuronal activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (ARC) (P=3.78 × 10−8) postsynaptic signalling complexes. In an analysis of 18 492 subjects (7907 cases and 10 585 controls), case CNVs were enriched for members of the NMDAR complex (P=0.0015) but not ARC (P=0.14). Our data indicate that defects in NMDAR postsynaptic signalling and, possibly, ARC complexes, which are known to be important in synaptic plasticity and cognition, play a significant role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia

Long-Term Survival of a Patient with Giant Cell Glioblastoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common glial tumor of the central nervous system. Overall survival is less than a year in most of the cases in spite of multimodal treatment approaches. A 45-year-old female with histologically confirmed giant cell GBM was treated at our institution. Subtotal excision of the lesion situated in the right precentral area was performed during the initial stay in August 2005. The patient improved after the procedure with no hypertension and additional neurological deficit. Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide was performed. The patient was symptom-free for 35 months after initial surgery. From July 2008 the patient developed partial motor seizures in the left side of the body and progressive hemiparesis. Local tumor progression was demonstrated on the neuroimaging studies. In December 2008, a second operative intervention was performed with subtotal excision of the tumor. Forty-five months after the initial diagnosis the patient is still alive with moderate neurological deficit. Microarray analysis of the tumor found the following numeric chromosomal aberrations: monosomy 8, 10, 13, 22, and trisomy 21, as well as amplifications in 4q34.1, 4q28.2, 6q16.3, 7q36.1, 7p21.3, and deletions in 1q42.12, 1q32.2, 1q25.2, 1p33, 2q37.2, 18q22.3, 19p13.2, Xq28, and Xq27.3. GBMs seem to be a heterogeneous group of glial tumors with different clinical course and therapeutic response. Microarray analysis is a useful method to establish a number of possible molecular predictors

The myogymnastics complex as an element of rehabilitation in the process of adaptation to orthopedic appliances in patients after stroke

Introduction. Stroke has become the second leading cause of long-term disability and cognitive impairment. The disease can cause debilitating neurological disorders that lead to motor, sensory and cognitive deficits and impaired psychosocial functioning. Many researchers have established an association between dental status, infections, and systemic diseases such as acute cerebrovascular disorder.The aim of the research was to determine the impact of dental health on the quality of life in patients with cerebral circulatory disorders complicated with neurological deficits by hemitype before and 30 days after orthopedic treatment by questionnaire survey.Materials and methods. The study involved 25 people with the course of ACVD complicated with neurological deficiency by hemitype, aged from 40 to 65 years, who underwent prosthetics with partial removable laminar dentures with acrylic base and retaining bent, metal clasps according to clinical indications. The first group, where the process of adaptation to the orthopedic appliance was normal, consisted of 13 people, including 7 women and 6 men. In the second group, the adaptation process took place using the proposed rehabilitation complex, and it comprised 12 patients, including 7 women and 5 men.The changes that occurred 30 days after applying a partial removable laminar denture were as follows:The value of the indicator of restricted masticatory function in subjects of the first study group was worse by 1.375 points as compared to the second group. The value of the indicator of physical pain in the process of adaptation to the orthopedic appliance was noteworthy, since it decreased significantly in the second group and amounted to 14.404 points, which was by 1.335 points higher than in patients of the first group.The level of psychological discomfort in patients of the first group was 32.412 points, which was 1.183 points different from that of patients in the second group, in favor of the latter. At the same time, a comparison of the level of psychological inferiority showed that this indicator was higher in the first group than in the second study group by 0.988 points, i.e., the dynamics of changes in this indicator was better in the second one.Comparison of the level of social inferiority showed that in the first study group it was higher by 2.106 points than in the third group. Comparison of the level of disability showed a difference of this indicator by 1.226 points in favor of patients of the second groupThe above data suggest a general trend of improving the basic health indicators of patients in the process of orthopedic rehabilitation. At the same time, there was a clear difference between the results of the questionnaire survey between patients of the first and second groups, and these indicators were better in the latter.Conclusions. The effectiveness of the proposed rehabilitation complex for patients with cerebral circulatory disorders complicated with neurological deficiency by hemitype after prosthetics with partial removable laminar appliances was confirmed by a decrease in numerical data from the questionnaire survey by 15%, indicating an improvement in quality of life in this category of patients

RESULTS OF ORTHOPEDIC TREATMENT USING PERMANENT STRUCTURES SUPPORTED BY DENTAL IMPLANTS IN PRIVATE PRACTICE

Literary data testify to the significant prevalence of the dental implantation method to solve the problem of permanent prosthetics in partial and complete anodontia. However, a significant array of information needs systematization and generalization, taking into account the specifics of providing dental care by dental institutions in different regions. The authors conducted a retrospective study of the main statistical regularities based on the results of 32 cases of treatment of secondary anodontia by replacing bounded and finite distally unlimited defects of the lower and upper jaws with the support of dental endosseous implants as exemplified by outpatient care at a private dental office in the city of Poltava (Ukraine). Dental implantation and subsequent prosthetics were performed at one medical institution, by one doctor in cooperation with one dental laboratory in the city of Poltava (Ukraine). The term of retrospective observation was 5 years. The condition for inclusion in the study was the manufacture of a non-removable orthopedic appliance with the non-removable fixation on dismountable and full-body intraosseous screw dental implants. In all cases, metal and ceramic structures with cement fixation on intraosseous dental implants of the Implife Classic, Implife Solo (Inpride company, Ukraine) Vitaplant VK Vitaplant V2Kn (Vitadent company, Ukraine) implant systems were manufactured. Observation of the treatment outcomes was carried out an average of 32 months after the fixation of 69 orthopedic appliances. It turned out that the protocol of permanent prosthetics to replace partial defects of the dentition was implemented mainly in the middle-aged group. Periodic outpatient monitoring of orthopedic appliances with cement fixation on intraosseous implants takes place within the period from 6 to 60 months. The average observation period was 32.8 months. Characteristic statistical regularities related to the selection of individuals and the most common types of implants for solving standard clinical tasks were determined. The average number of implants per clinical case was 4 supports, and the average diameter and length of the integrated implants were 3.5 and 11 mm, respectively

Mitochondrial DNA Suggests a Western Eurasian origin for Ancient (Proto-) Bulgarians

Ancient (proto-) Bulgarians have long been thought to as a Turkic population. However, evidence found in the past three decades show that this is not the case. Until now, this evidence does not include ancient mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis. In order to fill this void, we have collected human remains from the VIII-X century AD located in three necropolises in Bulgaria: Nojarevo (Silistra region) and Monastery of Mostich (Shumen region), both in Northeast Bulgaria and Tuhovishte (Satovcha region) in Southwest Bulgaria. The phylogenetic analysis of 13 ancient DNA samples (extracted from teeth) identified 12 independent haplotypes, which we further classified into mtDNA haplogroups found in present-day European and Western Eurasian populations. Our results suggest a Western Eurasian matrilineal origin for proto-Bulgarians as well as a genetic similarity between proto- and modern Bulgarians. Our future work will provide additional data which will further clarify proto-Bulgarian origins; thereby adding new clues to current understanding of European genetic evolution

Artificial intelligence – the new suggestion for biomedicine, dentistry and healthcare

The development of technologies based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and their application in medicine is growing rapidly. Innovations in digital technology, telemedicine, 5G technology and artificial intelligence (AI) create new opportunities for the development of the healthcare system. The aim of the present study is to explore the possibilities for the application of artificial intelligence in biomedicine, dentistry, healthcare and healthcare. In recent years there have been many major innovations, including the introduction of many new information and communication technologies. Digital innovations, including the further inclusion of telemedicine, the development of 5th generation wireless networks (5G) and artificial intelligence (AI) approaches, create an exceptional ecosystem for new health opportunities. The digital health sector creates a favorable environment for the provision of health services at a very high level

Evidence for Genetic Overlap Between Schizophrenia and Age at First Birth in Women

IMPORTANCE: A recently published study of national data by McGrath et al in 2014 showed increased risk of schizophrenia (SCZ) in offspring associated with both early and delayed parental age, consistent with a U-shaped relationship. However, it remains unclear if the risk to the child is due to psychosocial factors associated with parental age or if those at higher risk for SCZ tend to have children at an earlier or later age. OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is a genetic association between SCZ and age at first birth (AFB) using genetically informative but independently ascertained data sets. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This investigation used multiple independent genome-wide association study data sets. The SCZ sample comprised 18 957 SCZ cases and 22 673 controls in a genome-wide association study from the second phase of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, and the AFB sample comprised 12 247 genotyped women measured for AFB from the following 4 community cohorts: Estonia (Estonian Genome Center Biobank, University of Tartu), the Netherlands (LifeLines Cohort Study), Sweden (Swedish Twin Registry), and the United Kingdom (TwinsUK). Schizophrenia genetic risk for each woman in the AFB community sample was estimated using genetic effects inferred from the SCZ genome-wide association study. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: We tested if SCZ genetic risk was a significant predictor of response variables based on published polynomial functions that described the relationship between maternal age and SCZ risk in offspring in Denmark. We substituted AFB for maternal age in these functions, one of which was corrected for the age of the father, and found that the fit was superior for the model without adjustment for the father's age. RESULTS: We observed a U-shaped relationship between SCZ risk and AFB in the community cohorts, consistent with the previously reported relationship between SCZ risk in offspring and maternal age when not adjusted for the age of the father. We confirmed that SCZ risk profile scores significantly predicted the response variables (coefficient of determination R2 = 1.1E-03, P = 4.1E-04), reflecting the published relationship between maternal age and SCZ risk in offspring by McGrath et al in 2014. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study provides evidence for a significant overlap between genetic factors associated with risk of SCZ and genetic factors associated with AFB. It has been reported that SCZ risk associated with increased maternal age is explained by the age of the father and that de novo mutations that occur more frequently in the germline of older men are the underlying causal mechanism. This explanation may need to be revised if, as suggested herein and if replicated in future studies, there is also increased genetic risk of SCZ in older mothers

Determination of fractal dimension of the functional masticatory test patterns

Valid diagnostic assessment of the state of dentoalveolar system and its masticatory function, in particular, is considered to be an important scientific task of modern prosthodontics. Plenty of the developed ways are based on the use of up-to-date information technology, especially on computer analysis of graphic data. The development of the enhanced methods for the evaluation of masticatory efficiency in patients with both full and partial adentia urged the search of its clear and informative indicators. According to the authors, digital image fractal dimension index can meet these needs. Since most of the available masticatory function assessment methods involve the obtaining large ammount of fragments different in their quantity, size and shape. The photography of the multiplicity of these 'spasmodically' located objects allows the processing of the received image with the help of graphic editor and converting it into numeric data. Thus, the aim of the research was to study the fractal dimension of the masticatory test images, taking into account the peculiarities of the patients'denture defects. Computer software for digital image processing ImageJ 1.50b was used in the research, since it provides the option of computer calculation of the fractal dimension index. The comparison of the masticatory tests of 30 persons with intact teeth (control group) and 33 persons with denture defects has revealed statistically significant deviation in their fractal dimension index. The reduction of the range of conventional statistical norm (1.49-1.66) to the values fluctuating from 1.47 to 1.51. was observed. Therefore, the decrease of the mean value of the fractal dimension from 1.56 (St.Err.- 0.02) to 1.50 indicates the reduction of chopping function in the given masticatory test patterns. As a result, the suggested method will allow the use of fractal dimension index as an integral indicator of masticatory efficiency level

Y-Chromosome Diversity in Modern Bulgarians: New Clues about Their Ancestry

To better define the structure and origin of the Bulgarian paternal gene pool, we have examined the Y-chromosome variation in 808 Bulgarian males. The analysis was performed by high-resolution genotyping of biallelic markers and by analyzing the STR variation within the most informative haplogroups. We found that the Y-chromosome gene pool in modern Bulgarians is primarily represented by Western Eurasian haplogroups with , 40% belonging to haplogroups E-V13 and I-M423, and 20% to R-M17. Haplogroups common in the Middle East (J and G) and in South Western Asia (R-L23*) occur at frequencies of 19% and 5%, respectively. Haplogroups C, N and Q, distinctive for Altaic and Central Asian Turkic-speaking populations, occur at the negligible frequency of only 1.5%. Principal Component analyses group Bulgarians with European populations, apart from Central Asian Turkic-speaking groups and South Western Asia populations. Within the country, the genetic variation is structured in Western, Central and Eastern Bulgaria indicating that the Balkan Mountains have been permeable to human movements. The lineage analysis provided the following interesting results: (i) R-L23* is present in Eastern Bulgaria since the post glacial period; (ii) haplogroup E-V13 has a Mesolithic age in Bulgaria from where it expanded after the arrival of farming; (iii) haplogroup J-M241 probably reflects the Neolithic westward expansion of farmers from the earliest sites along the Black Sea. On the whole, in light of the most recent historical studies, which indicate a substantial proto-Bulgarian input to the contemporary Bulgarian people, our data suggest that a common paternal ancestry between the proto-Bulgarians and the Altaic and Central Asian Turkic-speaking populations either did not exist or was negligible