Unveiling the phytoconstituents of Chrysanthemum indicum L. by GCMS analysis

Chrysanthemum indicum L is a perennial herb in the Compositae family. The blossoms of C. indicum L. have long been utilised in eastern medicine to cure infectious disorders. Studies on medicinal herbs having antioxidant properties have been conducted more often in recent years. By using GC-MS analysis, the current work aims to identify the bioactive components from the hydroalcoholic flowers extract of Chrysanthemum indicum L. Chrysanthemum indicum L.\u27s hydroalcoholic extract included 109 phytocompounds, according to GC-MS analysis. The phenol and flavonoid families include the majority of active phytocompounds with antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiproliferative, and neuroprotective properties. Natural myricetin and quercitin are thought to be abundant in Chrysanthemum indicum L. flowers, which is important for the development of potential medications

Hydrological features of the Arabian sea off the Northern and central west coast of India During 1964 winter

The hydrographic features prevailing along the northern and central west coast of India during the early part of winter 1964 are discussed. A weak northward gradient in temperature north of 17°N and an eastward gradient south of it is noticed. The thermocline is found at shallower depths in the northern regions. A steady increase in the salinity is observed northward, the maximum being off Bombay. North of 17°N the flow is mainly eastwards which deflects towards south with increase in depth. At SO m a continuous weak southward drift is noticed. More or less uniform distribution is foimd in the dissolved oxygen content at surface and 20 m depth, but at 50 m depth eastward gradients are noticed. Sharp decrease in dissolved oxygen values occur from the top of the thermocline and the oxygen minimum layer is conspicuous in all the sections. The nature of the isotherms and the isolines of oxygen indicate the presence of upwelling in the region off Bombay. The total phosphorus content is much less in the region between 15°N and 18°N with higher values further south and north of these latitudes. The patterns of distribution of dissolved oxygen and total phosphorus contents show an inverse relationship. A westward gradient in the phosphorus values is seen at 50 m depth

Even obligate symbioses show signs of ecological contingency: Impacts of symbiosis for an invasive stinkbug are mediated by host plant context

Many species interactions are dependent on environmental context, yet the benefits of obligate, mutualistic microbial symbioses to their hosts are typically assumed to be universal across environments. We directly tested this assumption, focusing on the symbiosis between the sap‐feeding insect Megacopta cribraria and its primary bacterial symbiont Candidatus Ishikawaella capsulata. We assessed host development time, survival, and body size in the presence and absence of the symbiont on two alternative host plants and in the insects\u27 new invasive range. We found that association with the symbiont was critical for host survival to adulthood when reared on either host plant, with few individuals surviving in the absence of symbiosis. Developmental differences between hosts with and without microbial symbionts, however, were mediated by the host plants on which the insects were reared. Our results support the hypothesis that benefits associated with this host–microbe interaction are environmentally contingent, though given that few individuals survive to adulthood without their symbionts, this may have minimal impact on ecological dynamics and current evolutionary trajectories of these partners

Local administration of regulatory T cells promotes tissue healing

\ua9 The Author(s) 2024.Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial immune cells for tissue repair and regeneration. However, their potential as a cell-based regenerative therapy is not yet fully understood. Here, we show that local delivery of exogenous Tregs into injured mouse bone, muscle, and skin greatly enhances tissue healing. Mechanistically, exogenous Tregs rapidly adopt an injury-specific phenotype in response to the damaged tissue microenvironment, upregulating genes involved in immunomodulation and tissue healing. We demonstrate that exogenous Tregs exert their regenerative effect by directly and indirectly modulating monocytes/macrophages (Mo/MΦ) in injured tissues, promoting their switch to an anti-inflammatory and pro-healing state via factors such as interleukin (IL)-10. Validating the key role of IL-10 in exogenous Treg-mediated repair and regeneration, the pro-healing capacity of these cells is lost when Il10 is knocked out. Additionally, exogenous Tregs reduce neutrophil and cytotoxic T cell accumulation and IFN-γ production in damaged tissues, further dampening the pro-inflammatory Mo/MΦ phenotype. Highlighting the potential of this approach, we demonstrate that allogeneic and human Tregs also promote tissue healing. Together, this study establishes exogenous Tregs as a possible universal cell-based therapy for regenerative medicine and provides key mechanistic insights that could be harnessed to develop immune cell-based therapies to enhance tissue healing

Tissue-Specific Transcriptomics of the Exotic Invasive Insect Pest Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis)

BACKGROUND: The insect midgut and fat body represent major tissue interfaces that deal with several important physiological functions including digestion, detoxification and immune response. The emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis), is an exotic invasive insect pest that has killed millions of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) primarily in the Midwestern United States and Ontario, Canada. However, despite its high impact status little knowledge exists for A. planipennis at the molecular level. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Newer-generation Roche-454 pyrosequencing was used to obtain 126,185 reads for the midgut and 240,848 reads for the fat body, which were assembled into 25,173 and 37,661 high quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) for the midgut and the fat body of A. planipennis larvae, respectively. Among these ESTs, 36% of the midgut and 38% of the fat body sequences showed similarity to proteins in the GenBank nr database. A high number of the midgut sequences contained chitin-binding peritrophin (248)and trypsin (98) domains; while the fat body sequences showed high occurrence of cytochrome P450s (85) and protein kinase (123) domains. Further, the midgut transcriptome of A. planipennis revealed putative microbial transcripts encoding for cell-wall degrading enzymes such as polygalacturonases and endoglucanases. A significant number of SNPs (137 in midgut and 347 in fat body) and microsatellite loci (317 in midgut and 571 in fat body) were predicted in the A. planipennis transcripts. An initial assessment of cytochrome P450s belonging to various CYP clades revealed distinct expression patterns at the tissue level. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: To our knowledge this study is one of the first to illuminate tissue-specific gene expression in an invasive insect of high ecological and economic consequence. These findings will lay the foundation for future gene expression and functional studies in A. planipennis

CD70/CD27 signaling promotes blast stemness and is a viable therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia.

Aberrant proliferation, symmetric self-renewal, increased survival, and defective differentiation of malignant blasts are key oncogenic drivers in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Stem cell gene signatures predict poor prognosis in AML patients; however, with few exceptions, these deregulated molecular pathways cannot be targeted therapeutically. In this study, we demonstrate that the TNF superfamily ligand-receptor pair CD70/CD27 is expressed on AML blasts and AML stem/progenitor cells. CD70/CD27 signaling in AML cells activates stem cell gene expression programs, including the Wnt pathway, and promotes symmetric cell divisions and proliferation. Soluble CD27, reflecting the extent of CD70/CD27 interactions in vivo, was significantly elevated in the sera of newly diagnosed AML patients and is a strong independent negative prognostic biomarker for overall survival. Blocking the CD70/CD27 interaction by mAb-induced asymmetric cell divisions and differentiation in AML blasts and AML stem/progenitor cells inhibited cell growth and colony formation and significantly prolonged survival in murine AML xenografts. Importantly, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from healthy BM donors express neither CD70 nor CD27 and were unaffected by blocking mAb treatment. Therefore, targeting CD70/CD27 signaling represents a promising therapeutic strategy for AML

The tribe Cnodalonini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Stenochiinae) from Maharashtra with two new records

The tenebrionidae collections of Western Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India Pune were identified.  The species identified as Promethis brevicornis (Westwood, 1842) and Gebienocamaria girardi Masumoto, 1993 and collected from Sangli District and Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary, Satara, respectively constitute a new record for Maharashtra State.</jats:p