Synthesis of Prostaglandins and Lipoxygenase Products by Rat Glomeruli during Development

In glomeruli isolated from adult rats, arachidonic acid (C20:4) is metabolized through at least two different pathways: the lipoxygenase and the cyclooxygenase pathway, resulting in the synthesis of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) and four prostaglandins (PG) respectively. Because renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increase during development, and because C20:4 metabolites are implicated in their local regulation, the conversion of &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;H-C20:4 was studied in 3 groups of rats; group A: 4 days old, 10 g; group B: 10 days old, 25 g; group C: 60 days old, 200 g. Glomeruli mechanically isolated from blanched kidneys were incubated with 5.4 × 10&lt;sup&gt;––&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;H-C20:4. Lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products were extracted and resolved by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); quantitative determination of PGs was performed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The results are: (1) conversion of C20:4 to lipoxygenase product is predominant in comparison to cyclooxygenase products; (2) conversion of labeled C20:4 into 12-HETE is constant with age; (3) identified cyclooxygenase products, PGE&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, and particularly PGF&lt;sub&gt;2α&lt;/sub&gt; are maximum in group B; (4) the variation of C20:4 metabolism during development suggest that these products may be involved in the maturation and the regulation of glomerular functions.</jats:p

Determinants of elevated urinary albumin in the 4,937 type 2 diabetic subjects recruited for the DIABHYCAR Study in Western Europe and North Africa

OBJECTIVE - Whether ACE inhibition is useful for type 2 diabetic patients with micro- and macroalbuminuria remains unknown. The Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes, Hypertension, Microalbuminuria, Cardiovascular Events and Ramipril (DIABHYCAR) Study was set up to address this issue through a multicenter double-blind parallel placebo-controlled greater than or equal to 3-year trial in Europe and North Africa. In this article, we report the characteristics of the randomized patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - The main selection criteria were as follows: men or women aged greater than or equal to 50 years with type 2 diabetes treated with oral antidiabetic drugs, with or without hypertension, with a plasma creatinine leve