Spatial variability of microbial indicators and assessment of tillage systems on the soil microbiological functioning on organic farming.

Reduction tillage, in modifying the soil microorganisms’ environment, modifies their potential to supply plants nutrients. This is of primary importance in organic farming as the nutrients availability is mainly dependent on the organic matter degradation by microorganisms. To study the effect of tillage on soil physical and microbiological properties, we compare 4 tillage practises (deep and shallow ploughing, chisel and no tillage) in an experimental field near Lyon. Our objective is to link a structural statement with a microbiological functioning in order to study the microorganisms’ abilities to supply nitrogen and phosphorus. For such studies, it is of primary importance to use a convenient sampling design as the microbiological properties are highly variable in space and time. So, we first studied, before the treatments differentiation, the spatial variability of some microbiological properties. We first present this study briefly and its utilities for the future assessment of the tillage practises on the soil microbiological functioning

Conservation tillage in organic farming

Organic farmers are interested in adopting conservation tillage to preserve soil quality and fertility and to prevent soil erosion. Within the framework of a French national study, we compared conventional (ploughing) and conservation tillage systems in organic farming for arable and vegetable cropping systems. Field experiments and on-farm surveys were conducted in several regions of France in order to assess the effects of different tillage systems on soil fertility (physical, chemical, biological) and on weed and crop development. Conservation tillage techniques induced a more compact soil, an increase of carbon and microorganisms in the first soil layer, and an increase of earthworm biomass for very superficial tillage. Weed control was only a major problem for the very superficial tillage, which in turn generated lower crop yields than conventional tillage. The main issues raised by this programme deal with the long-term effects of these techniques on soil fertility, and the improvement of conservation tillage techniques in organic farming

Long-distance frequency transfer over an urban fiber link using optical phase stabilization

We transferred the frequency of an ultra-stable laser over 86 km of urban fiber. The link is composed of two cascaded 43-km fibers connecting two laboratories, LNE-SYRTE and LPL in Paris area. In an effort to realistically demonstrate a link of 172 km without using spooled fiber extensions, we implemented a recirculation loop to double the length of the urban fiber link. The link is fed with a 1542-nm cavity stabilized fiber laser having a sub-Hz linewidth. The fiber-induced phase noise is measured and cancelled with an all fiber-based interferometer using commercial off the shelf pigtailed telecommunication components. The compensated link shows an Allan deviation of a few 10-16 at one second and a few 10-19 at 10,000 seconds

High-resolution microwave frequency dissemination on an 86-km urban optical link

We report the first demonstration of a long-distance ultra stable frequency dissemination in the microwave range. A 9.15 GHz signal is transferred through a 86-km urban optical link with a fractional frequency stability of 1.3x10-15 at 1 s integration time and below 10-18 at one day. The optical link phase noise compensation is performed with a round-trip method. To achieve such a result we implement light polarisation scrambling and dispersion compensation. This link outperforms all the previous radiofrequency links and compares well with recently demonstrated full optical links.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure

Cold atom Clocks and Applications

This paper describes advances in microwave frequency standards using laser-cooled atoms at BNM-SYRTE. First, recent improvements of the $^{133}$Cs and $^{87}$Rb atomic fountains are described. Thanks to the routine use of a cryogenic sapphire oscillator as an ultra-stable local frequency reference, a fountain frequency instability of $1.6\times 10^{-14}\tau^{-1/2}$ where $\tau$ is the measurement time in seconds is measured. The second advance is a powerful method to control the frequency shift due to cold collisions. These two advances lead to a frequency stability of $2\times 10^{-16}$ at $50,000s for the first time for primary standards. In addition, these clocks realize the SI second with an accuracy of$7\times 10^{-16}$, one order of magnitude below that of uncooled devices. In a second part, we describe tests of possible variations of fundamental constants using$^{87}$Rb and$^{133}$Cs fountains. Finally we give an update on the cold atom space clock PHARAO developed in collaboration with CNES. This clock is one of the main instruments of the ACES/ESA mission which is scheduled to fly on board the International Space Station in 2008, enabling a new generation of relativity tests.Comment: 30 pages, 11 figure

AI-driven big web redesign: two case studies in Italian universities

This paper explores the challenges of web redesign in Public Administration (PA), particularly within universities. Universities often struggle with fragmented online presences due to distributed editorial models and diverse communication needs across research, education, and dissemination activities. Limited resources further restrict investment in upskilling staff and adopting modern technologies. Open source solutions, though cost-effective, are often chosen without considering user experience. We present a methodology that combines user-centered design, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and ”radical collaboration” to achieve a future-proof and scalable redesign. Starting from a case study of a major web redesign project at an Italian university (2014-2020) involving hundreds of websites and over 200 content editors, the paper details the process, including a large-scale content audit using AI, single sourcing with AI-powered content transformation, and user experience (UX) testing with data visualization. This approach resulted in a unified, user-centric online presence and garnered recognition, including the ForumPA award for best innovator. The paper concludes by discussing the applicability of this methodology to other PA institutions facing similar challenge

SPIRAL II Project (electron option) - Preliminary Design Study

This document presents a Preliminary Design Study (PDS) of the electron option of the SPIRAL II project

INTERACTION EFFECT OF CHEMICAL AND ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF Gundelia rosea AT DIFFERENT PLANT DENSITIES IN THE FIELD

Field experiments were conducted at two locations, Grdarasha Research Field Station, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University – Erbil and Aquban special farm using randomized complete block design (RCBD) during two seasons 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 to study the effect of different plant densities and compost fertilizer of solid waste management and sorting of Akre district-Duhok province and NPK  (20:20:20) fertilizer on growth and edible portion characteristics of Gundelia rosea. The results indicated that the plants of the two years age in the both locations produce the highest value of length, dimeter, fresh and dry weight of edible portion with space increasing between plants and rows. While, total fresh and dry weight increased with decreasing the distance between plants and rows. Compost and compost + NPK fertilizer significantly increasing all edible portion parameters in both locations. The interaction between density and fertilizer resulted that D5 and compost and compost +NPK treatment produce the maximum rate of length, dimeter, fresh and dry weight of edible portion, while D1 and compost and compost + NPK record the highest total fresh and dry weight production

Estudos em avaliatividade no Brasil: panorama 2005-2017

This article presents an overview of studies in Brazil using the appraisal system (MARTIN; WHITE, 2005). Studies from dissertations and theses and articles in Qualis A1, A2, B1 and B2 journals were analyzed. After theoretical considerations about the system and its subsystems, we present the quantification of the items with the aim of contributing to an overview of the studies about the appraisal system in our context, besides socializing researches on the subject with Systemic-Functional Linguistics research. The results reveal the productivity in studies on the subject in the field of linguistic studies in Brazil.Este artículo presenta un panorama de estudios en Brasil sobre el sistema de valoración (MARTIN, WHITE, 2005). Trabajos realizados en tesis y artículos en revistas Qualis A1, A2, B1 y B2. Después de las onsideraciones teóricas sobre el sistema y sus subsistemas, los resultados cuantitativos de los elementos levantados son presentados con la intención de contribuir para una visión general de los estudios sobre el sistema de valoración en nuestro contexto, además de socializar las investigaciones sobre el tema con los estudiosos de la Lingüística Sistémico-Funcional. Los resultados revelan una productividad en los estudios sobre el tema en el campo de los estudios lingüísticos en Brasil.Este artigo apresenta um panorama de estudos no Brasil sobre o sistema de avaliatividade (MARTIN; WHITE, 2005). Foram levantados trabalhos em dissertações e teses e em artigos publicados em revistas Qualis A1, A2, B1 e B2. Após considerações teóricas sobre o sistema e seus subsistemas, apresentamos o quantitativo dos itens levantados com o intuito de contribuir para uma visão geral dos estudos acerca do sistema de avaliatividade em nosso contexto, além de socializar pesquisas sobre o tema com estudiosos da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional. Os resultados revelam a produtividade em estudos sobre o tema no campo dos estudos linguísticos no Brasil