Model Penentuan Ukuran Batch Produksi dan Bufferstock untuk Sistem Produksi Mengalami Penurunan Kinerja dengan Mempertimbangkan Perubahan Order Awal

This study develops a model that involves information the preliminary order. At first, the manufacturer provides the preliminary order for the coming week (five days) varies from day to day and is received on Friday. Change in the preliminary order for a given day is announced one day before and this is viewed as it occurs randomly. Moreover, production systems experience performance degradation (deterioration). Status of the production process shifts from in control to out of control that is identified by the last inspection. Inspection is done by sampling. At the time of the status of out of control the probability of producing non-conforming system component that is charged to the restoration cost and warranty costs.This paper is looking for a solution for determining the production batch size and the buffer stock to reduce total cost. The decision variables are production run period (T) and buffer factor (m). Having obtained the variables T and m, then the variable production batch size (QT) and the buffer stock (BT) can be determined sequentially. Heuristic methods used are Silver-Meal (SM) and Least Unit Cost (LUC) to obtain a solution for each model. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the performance of the models. From the numerical results, it appears that LUC method is better than SM method.

Identifying characteristic features of the retinal and choroidal vasculature in choroideremia using optical coherence tomography angiography

PURPOSE: Using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to investigate the area with flow in the superficial retinal vessel network (SVRN) and choriocapillaris (CC) layer among male subjects with choroideremia (CHM), female carriers, and normal controls to identify vascular changes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Images of SRVN and CC layer were acquired in 9 affected males, 5 female carriers, and 14 age- and gender-matched controls using the Angiovue software of the RTVue XR Avanti. RESULTS: The mean age was 33 years for affected male CHM patients (median 30 years), 46 years for female carriers (median 53 years), and 39 years for controls (median 38.5). Mean SRVN area±SD in subjects with CHM was 12.93±2.06 mm², in carrier subjects 15.36±0.60 mm², and in controls 15.30±1.35 mm² (P<0.01). The mean CC area±SD with flow was 6.97±5.26 mm² in CHM subjects, 21.65±0.17 mm² in carriers and 21.36±0.76 mm² in controls (P<0.01). SRVN and CC area with flow showed a negative correlation in CHM subjects with the age (r=−0.86; P<0.003 and r=−0.77; P<0.01, respectively). CC area with flow had a positive correlation with SRVN (r=0.83, P<0.001). Overall, visual acuity had a negative correlation with SRVN and CC area with flow (r=−0.67, P<0.001 and r=−0.57, P<0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to highlight changes in the SRVN in CHM subjects. OCTA detected a reduced area with flow in both retinal and choroidal circulations, and may be a useful tool for monitoring natural history and disease progression in forthcoming clinical trials

Ki-67 expression predicts locoregional recurrence in stage I oral tongue carcinoma

Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is an aggressive cancer associated with poor prognosis. Methods for determining the aggressiveness of OTSCC from analysis of the primary tumour specimen are thus highly desirable. We investigated whether genomic instability and proliferative activity (by means of Ki-67 activity) could be of clinical use for prediction of locoregional recurrence in 76 pretreatment OTSCC paraffin samples (stage I, n=22; stage II, n=33; stage III, n=8; stage IV, n=13). Eleven surgical tumour specimens were also analysed for remnants of proliferative activity after preoperative radiotherapy. Ninety-seven percent of cases (n=72) were characterised as being aneuploid as measured by means of image cytometry. Preoperative radiotherapy (50–68 Gy) resulted in significant reduction of proliferative activity in all patients for which post-treatment biopsies were available (P-value=0.001). Proliferative activity was not associated with response to radiation in stage II patients. However, we report a significant correlation between high proliferation rates and locoregional recurrences in stage I OTSCC patients (P-value=0.028). High-proliferative activity is thus related to an elevated risk of recurrence after surgery alone. We therefore conclude that Ki-67 expression level is a potentially useful clinical marker for predicting recurrence in surgically treated stage I OTSCC

Consensus guidelines for the use and interpretation of angiogenesis assays

The formation of new blood vessels, or angiogenesis, is a complex process that plays important roles in growth and development, tissue and organ regeneration, as well as numerous pathological conditions. Angiogenesis undergoes multiple discrete steps that can be individually evaluated and quantified by a large number of bioassays. These independent assessments hold advantages but also have limitations. This article describes in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro bioassays that are available for the evaluation of angiogenesis and highlights critical aspects that are relevant for their execution and proper interpretation. As such, this collaborative work is the first edition of consensus guidelines on angiogenesis bioassays to serve for current and future reference

Classifying the evolutionary and ecological features of neoplasms

The consensus conference was supported by Wellcome Genome Campus Advanced Courses and Scientific Conferences. C.C.M. is supported in part by US NIH grants P01 CA91955, R01 CA149566, R01 CA170595, R01 CA185138 and R01 CA140657 as well as CDMRP Breast Cancer Research Program Award BC132057. M.J. is supported by NIH grant K99CA201606. K.S.A. is supported by NCI 5R21 CA196460. K. Polyak is supported by R35 CA197623, U01 CA195469, U54 CA193461, and the Breast Cancer Research Foundation. K.J.P. is supported by NIH grants CA143803, CA163124, CA093900 and CA143055. D.P. is supported by the European Research Council (ERC-617457- PHYLOCANCER), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BFU2015-63774-P) and the Education, Culture and University Development Department of the Galician Government. K.S.A. is supported in part by the Breast Cancer Research Foundation and NCI R21CA196460. C.S. is supported by the Royal Society, Cancer Research UK (FC001169), the UK Medical Research Council (FC001169), and the Wellcome Trust (FC001169), NovoNordisk Foundation (ID 16584), the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (BCRF), the European Research Council (THESEUS) and Marie Curie Network PloidyNet. T.A.G. is a Cancer Research UK fellow and a Wellcome Trust funded Investigator. E.S.H. is supported by R01 CA185138-01 and W81XWH-14-1-0473. M.Gerlinger is supported by Cancer Research UK and The Royal Marsden/ICR National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre. M.Ge., M.Gr., Y.Y., and A.So. were also supported in part by the Wellcome Trust [105104/Z/14/Z]. J.D.S. holds the Edward B. Clark, MD Chair in Pediatric Research, and is supported by the Primary Children's Hospital (PCH) Pediatric Cancer Research Program, funded by the Intermountain Healthcare Foundation and the PCH Foundation. A.S. is supported by the Chris Rokos Fellowship in Evolution and Cancer. Y.Y. is a Cancer Research UK fellow and supported by The Royal Marsden/ICR National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre. E.S.H. was supported in part by PCORI grants 1505–30497 and 1503–29572, NIH grants R01 CA185138, T32 CA093245, and U10 CA180857, CDMRP Breast Cancer Research Program Award BC132057, a CRUK Grand Challenge grant, and the Breast Cancer Research Foundation. A.R.A.A. was funded in part by NIH grant U01CA151924. A.R.A.A., R.G. and J.S.B. were funded in part by NIH grant U54CA193489

Molecular profiling for predicting tumor prognosis, treatment outcome and progression of squamous cell carcinoma [Elektronisk resurs]

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histological tumor type in the cervix uteri and oral tongue. Although both cancers are diagnosed at an early stage in the majority of cases, cervical cancer has a better prognosis despite similarities in treatment. The aim of this thesis is to increase our knowledge of tumor progression in squamous cell carcinoma at the molecular level, and to use this knowledge to explore the clinical implications of this knowledge in the development of therapeutic regimens. We collected archived tissues from squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri and oral tongue (OTSCC) and applied immunohistochemistry (IHC), DNA cytometry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to paraffin‐embedded tissues. Proliferative activity and genomic instability are two important factors in tumor progression. To identify patients with a high risk for locoregional recurrences we investigated Ki‐67 expression (by means of IHC) and DNA ploidy (using DNA image cytometry) in 76 pretreatment OTSCC biopsy specimens. We found Ki‐67 expression to be associated with an increased risk for locoregional recurrence in surgically‐treated Stage I cancer patients (P=0.028). Ninety‐seven percent of OTSCC specimens were aneuploid. Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is associated with poor prognosis in head and neck cancer, but information on EGFR status in OTSCC is limited. We analyzed EGFR protein expression (IHC) and gene copy number (FISH) in 78 pretreatment OTSCC samples. We found EGFR gene copy numbers to be significantly associated with EGFR protein expression (P=0.002). EGFR was overexpressed in all OTSCC, suggesting that patients with this cancer type may benefit from EGFR targeting treatment. Non‐smokers showed higher EGFR gene copy numbers and protein overexpression than did smokers. The presence of lymph node metastases is a strong prognostic factor in early stage cervical cancer and OTSCC. LAMP3, PROX1, PRKAA1 and CCND1 are genes associated with carcinogenesis. We analyzed these gene copy numbers using FISH probes in pretreatment cervical biopsies from LN positive and LN negative Stage IB‐IIA cervical cancer patients (N=31) to explore their role in predicting LN metastasis. A combined marker panel consisting of amplified probes for LAMP3, PROX1 and PRKAA1 provided a significant (P=0.001) predictor for LN metastasis and needs to be evaluated in larger studies. To further explore genetic alterations in OTSCC, and inspired by the association between smoking habits and EGFR gene copy numbers, we applied five FISH probe markers (TERC, CCND1, EGFR, p53, CEP®4) to 65 pretreatment OTSCC specimens. CCND1 displayed the highest copy number of all markers and highest levels of this gene correlated significantly with better prognosis in Stage II OTSCC (P=0.03). Non‐smoking habits were significantly related to higher copy numbers in all five markers (P=0.002)

Pengembangan Model Consignment Stock pada Sistem Rantai Pasok Dua Eselon dengan Permintaan Berfluktuasi dan Perubahan Order Awal

Scheduling changes on the production floor are common in practice to meet the consumer demand and these cause the nervousness. The nervousness in turn will result in increased costs and reduced service level. This research deals with  production batch size and buffer stock taking into account changes in a preliminary order. Change in the demand for a given day is announced one day before and this is viewed as it occurs randomly. This research was considered in two echelon supply chain system with a single supplier and single manufacturer. The development of model is transactional relationship and consignment stock contract relationship. This study also considers the backorder and production capacity according to the real condition. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the performance of the models. From the numerical results, it appears that coefficient variation (CV) of the demand affects the results obtained using method of SM and LUC

Pengembangan Model Consignment Stock pada Sistem Rantai Pasok Dua Eselon dengan Permintaan Berfluktuasi dan Perubahan Order Awal

Scheduling changes on the production floor are common in practice to meet the consumer demand and these cause the nervousness. The nervousness in turn will result in increased costs and reduced service level. This research deals with  production batch size and buffer stock taking into account changes in a preliminary order. Change in the demand for a given day is announced one day before and this is viewed as it occurs randomly. This research was considered in two echelon supply chain system with a single supplier and single manufacturer. The development of model is transactional relationship and consignment stock contract relationship. This study also considers the backorder and production capacity according to the real condition. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the performance of the models. From the numerical results, it appears that coefficient variation (CV) of the demand affects the results obtained using method of SM and LUC