Potential Development of Hydrocarbon in Basement Reservoirs in Indonesia

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v8i3.165Basement rocks, in particular igneous and metamorphic rocks are known to have porosity and permeability which should not be ignored. Primary porosity of basement rocks occurs as the result of rock formation. The porosity increases by the presence of cracks occurring as the result of tectonic processes (secondary porosity). Various efforts have been carried out to explore hydrocarbon in basement rocks. Some oil and gas fields proved that the basement rocks are as reservoirs which so far have provided oil and gas in significant amount. A review using previous research data, new data, and observation of igneous rocks in some fields has been done to see the development of exploration and basement reservoirs in Indonesia. A review on terminology of basement rock up till the identification of oil and gas exploration in basement rocks need to be based on the latest technology. An environmental approach is suggested to be applied as an alternative in analyzing the policy on oil and gas exploration development, especially in basement reservoirs

Hubungan Kuat Tarik Belah dengan Kuat Tekan Beton Ringan dengan Crumb Rubber dan Pecahan Genteng

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menyelidiki hubungan kuat tarik belah dengan kuat tekan beton ringan dengan crumb rubber dan pecahan genteng. Pecahan genteng digunakan sebagai pengganti agregat kasar sebagian atau seluruhnya dengan variasi kadar 25%, 50%, dan 75%. Untuk agregat kasar digunakan batu pecah dan batu tidak pecah. Sedangkan crumb rubber digunakan sebagai pengganti pasir secara keseluruhan. Faktor air semen ditetapkan pada nilai 0,28. Benda uji yang dibuat adalah benda uji silinder berukuran diameter 150mm dan tinggi 300mm. Sampel benda uji dibuat sebanyak 36 buah. Perawatan benda uji dilakukan dengan merendam beton selama 28 hari. Pengujian kuat tarik belah dan kuat tekan dilakukan ketika umur benda uji mencapai 28 hari. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beton ringan dapat dibuat dengan menggunakan crumb rubber dan pecahan genteng pada faktor air semen 0,28. Hasil nilai rata-rata pengujian kuat tekan beton campuran crumb rubber dan pecahan gentengan variasi batu pecah 75 % dan genteng 25% adalah 18,533 MPa. Berat isi beton crumb rubber adalah 1750 kg/m3 -1850 kg/m3 . Hasil pengujian ini menunjukan bahwa kuat tekan beton masuk kriteria kuat tekan beton ringan struktural yakni 17,24 MPa. Sedangkan hasil nilai rata-rata pengujian kuat tarik belah beton crumb rubber variasi batu pecah 75 % dan genteng 25% adalah 2 MPa. Hasil pengujian ini menunjukan bahwa kuat tarik belah beton masuk kriteria kuat tarik belah beton ringan struktural yakni 2 MPa. Penggunaan crumb rubber memberi pengaruh pada penurunan berat jenis, penurunan kuat tekan dan kuat tarik belah. Penggunaan crumb rubber pada campuran beton sangat berguna untuk mengurangi limbah karet yang tidak terpakai dan melestarikan batuan alam karena mengurangi kebutuhan untuk menambang agregat alami

Analisa Pengaruh Kualitas Produk Dan Kualitas Layanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Dan Loyalitas Pelanggan Di Pisa Kafe Surabaya

: The growth of food and beverages industry in Surabaya is increasing. Therefore, restaurants must have loyal customers in order to maintain their business. This research is written to find the impact of product and service quality towards customer\u27s satisfaction and loyalty. Researcher wanted to explore loyalty factors of Pisa Kafe Surabaya\u27s loyal customers. This research used PLS-SEM (Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling) technique to analyze, also service quality use second order formative model. The result has proved that product quality significantly and positively impacts customer\u27s satisfaction and service quality, which includes tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy significantly and positively impacts customer\u27s satisfaction and it creates customer\u27s loyalty in Pisa Kafe Surabaya

Analisa Pengaruh Employee Empowerment Terhadap Service Quality Di Japanese Restaurant

Dengan bergesernya gaya hidup orang-orang sekarang yang mengubah konsep restoran dari hanya tempat makan menjadi tempat bersosialisasi, restoran-restoran hendak memperhatikan service quality sebagai hal yang penting dalam mengelola bisnis restoran. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari Employee Empowerment terhadap Service Quality di Japanese Restaurant. Objek penelitian adalah restoran Jepang di Surabaya. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan tetap di restoran Jepang dengan sampel 100 responden. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif kausal dengan metode SEM dan menggunakan SmartPLS software. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara variabel employee empowerment terhadap service quality. Sedangkan variabel service behaviour memiliki pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap service quality

Sand Distribution Modeling of Middle Miocene Reservoir of “East Tarakan a Field†in Eastern Part of Tarakan Island, East Kalimantan

The discovery well with initial name “East Tarakan A-1†was drilled in February 2007 to a total vertical depth of 10,000 feet and encountered gas reservoir in Middle Miocene-age sands with deltaic sediment facies. The Field is structurally high, faulted to the Mengatal producing zones. This sandstone is hydrocarbon producer in most of onshore fields of Tarakan Island. “East Tarakan A†Field has been suppported with 19 (nineteen) 2D Seismic data. There are three wells i.e: East Tarakan A-1, A2b and A3 with several logs data, mud log and biostratigraphic data. The study aims are firstly to built 3D structural model from time and depth structural maps based on seismic interpretation and well log analysis, secondly to create 3D properties model especially volume shale (V-shale) to get sand distribution. The sand distribution model is supported by 3D structural model, petrophysical analysis and seismic attributes as well as geo-statistic method. Based on petrophysical analysis and wells correlation, sand reservoir interval of Middle Miocene (Meliat Fm) can be devided into two zones respectively top to bottom; zone-1 dan zone-2. RMS Amplitude analysis has been used to help constrain the sand distribution. Sand distribution with two zones indicates that sand distribution of zone-1 and zone-2 are generally located in distributary channel delta. NTG Distribution model of zone-1 and zone-2 indicates that reservoir zone distributed in distributary sand with trend of west to east. NTG of zone-1 is relatively better reservoir than the zone-2. Keywords: Tarakan, Middle Miocene, V-shale, sand distribution, 3D model, NTG Sumur penemuan dengan nama inisial “East Tarakan A†telah dibor pada Februari 2007 dengan total kedalaman 10

High Plasma Tnf-? Levels And Mononuclear Cells Inos And Tnf-? Expression AS Risk Factors For Painful Diabetic Neuropathy

Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (PDN) is one of the most common and annoyingcomplications of diabetes mellitus. The pathogenesis of PDN is complex and still unclear.Recently it has become clear that nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines playan important role in the pathogenesis and maintenance of pain in PDN. Based on thisphenomenon, this study was conducted to investigate whether the cytokine tumornecrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?) and NO, in this case inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase(iNOS), play a role in PDN pathogenesis.The study was carried in two steps. The first step was a cross sectional and thesecond step was a case-control study. The study was performed in 110 type-2 diabeticpatients. The plasma TNF-? levels were determined by ELISA while the expression ofTNF-? and iNOS in mononuclear cells were analyzed immunohistochemically.Of 110 subjects, 59 patients suffered from Painful DN (case) and the remaining51 patients were Painless DN (control). Cross sectionally, plasma TNF-? levels andimmunoreactivity for iNOS and TNF-? were higher in patients with more severe pain inthe Visual Analog Scale (VAS). There were statistically significant differences (p <0.05) between mild and severe pain in regard to TNF-? level (15.24 pg/ml ± 5.42 vs.20.44 pg/ml ± 10.34 ); to iNOS immunoreactivity (9.72 % ± 8.61 vs. 15.6% ± 11.84); andto TNF-? immunoreactivity (13.0 % ± 9. 48 vs. 20.44% ± 11.75).The case control study showed that TNF-? had an odd ratio of 5.053 [CI 95%(2.241-11.392); p < 0.001]. TNF-? immunoreactivity of 4.125 [CI 95% (1.805-9.425); p< 0.001]; and iNOS immunoreactivity of 3.546 [CI 95% (1.613-7.795); p = 0.002]. There were correlations between TNF-? level, TNF-? and iNOS immunoreactivity andVAS with coefficient correlation: 0.330; 0.285 and 0.275 (p < 0.05) respectively.It is concluded that Diabetic Neuropathy patients with high TNF-? levels, iNOSand TNF-? immunoreactivity of mononuclear cells have higher risk for painful DN thanpainless DN. The higher TNF-? level, iNOS and TNF-? immunoreactivity the moresevere was the pain. This supports the hypothesis that TNF-? and iNOS have role inPDN pathogenesis. The results of this research could be applied as a basic for furtherresearch in pursuit of better management of PDN

Pendapat Mahasiswa Hebei Normal University dan Universitas Kristen Petra Mengenai Budaya Nama Generasi 河北师范大学与彼得拉基督教大学学生对辈分名字文化的看法

Nama generasi adalah nama yang digunakan untuk menyusun generasi keluarga dan untuk mengetahui tingkatan generasi, diletakkan setelah nama marga. Susunan nama generasi ditentukan oleh leluhur keluarga. Penulis ingin meneliti tentang penggunaan dan pandangan mahasiswa mengenai nama generasi di Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang, Tiongkok dan di Universitas Krsiten Petra Surabaya, Indonesia. Penulis menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan mengumpulkan data melalui kuesioner. Objek penelitian adalah lima puluh mahasiswa berkewarga-negaraan Tiongkok dan lima puluh mahasiswa etnis Tionghoa berkewarga-negaraan Indonesia. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa mahasiswa Universitas Kristen Petra lebih banyak menggunakan nama generasi dibandingkan mahasiswa Hebei Normal University, serta lebih mementingkan dan ingin menurunkan kebudayaan nama generasi ke generasi selanjutnya. Penggunaan nama generasi oleh responden laki-laki lebih banyak dibandingkan responden perempuan, hal ini dipengaruhi oleh ada konsep patriarkal. Penggunaan nama generasi oleh mahasiswa Universitas Kristen Petra dan Hebei Normal University dipengaruhi oleh peristiwa sejarah di masing-masing negara, kondisi keluarga, pandangan pribadi, tempat tinggal, pendidikan dan pola nama Tionghoa