Struktur bahasa Tombulu

Buku Struktur Bahasa Tombulu ini merupakan salah satu hasil Proyek Penelitian Bahasa dan sasira Indonesia dan Daerah Sulawesi Selatan tahun 1983/1984 yang pelaksanaannya dipercayakan kepada tim peneliti dari FPBS IKIP Manado. Penelitian ini merupakan salah satu aspek penelitian untuk kegiatan tahun 1983/1984 di seluruh Indonesia, yang telah diatur oleh Proyek Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah, Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Jakarta

Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Komunikasi dan Motivasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Biro Administrasi Pembangunan Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Jawa Barat

The aim of this study were: 1) to determine the state of leadership, communication, motivation and performance of employees Secretariat Development Administration Bureau of West Java Province, 2) to seek the influence of leadership, communication and motivation partially on employee performance, 3) to seek the influence leadership, communication and motivation simultaneously on employee performance. This research was conducted at the Bureau of Development Administration Provincial Secretariat of West Java by taking the employee population of 60 people. The method used is descriptive method analytical census using path analysis (path analysis), and the operation of calculations using SPSS 17. The results of this study are as follows: 1) The state of leadership in Development Administration Bureau of West Java Provincial Secretariat included into either category (3.70666), 2) The state of communication exists within either category (3.68922), 3) The state of motivation No work in either category (3.77000), 4) The state of employee performance is in both categories (3.80333), 5) There is a significant effect of leadership (X1) on employee performance (Y), ie the total effect of 0.249, 6 ) There is a significant effect of work communication (X3) on employee performance (Y), ie the total effect of 0.358, 7) There is a significant effect of work motivation (X3) on employee performance (Y), ie the total effect of 0.432, 8) There are significant effect of leadership influence (X1), communication (X2) and work motivation (X3) simultaneously on employee performance (Y), namely the determination (R2) = 0.710 or 71%. The conclusion of this study is proven there is significant relationship between leadership, communication and motivation on employee performance in the Secretariat of Development Administration Bureau of West Java Province. Keywords: leadership; communication; motivation; performanc

Shareholders, Creditors, and Directors’ Fiduciary Duties: A Law and Finance Approach

The debate surrounding fiduciary duties owed to creditors by directors, especially in the vicinity of insolvency, has resurfaced in light of two court decisions in Canada and the United States. In this paper, we contribute to the discussion by looking at the issue from a corporate finance perspective, where we utilize well-established theorems and results. We show that creditors are able to protect themselves by the use of covenants. While this idea has been reported extensively in previous discussions about fiduciary duties, we focus on studies that show the extent to which creditors use covenants to protect themselves against opportunistic behavior by managers and shareholders. Additionally, we show that debt can actually increase the value of the firm and the shares, and therefore, the idea that shareholders use debt for opportunistic behavior is misplaced. If anything, debt is used to align managerial incentives to maximize the value of the firm. The Fisher Separation theorem is also introduced and used to show that all stakeholders in a firm will want the firm to pursue projects with the maximum net present value. Hence, we propose that fiduciary duties should always be owed to the corporation as a whole, where the main focus of the managers is investing in those projects that have the highest expected net present value

Investigation on the Impact of Tropospheric Delay on GPS Height Variation near the Equator

One of the major problems currently facing satellite-based positioning is the atmospheric refraction of the GPS signal caused by the troposphere. The tropospheric effect is much more pronounced at the equatorial region due to its hot and wet conditions. This affects the GPS signal due to the variability of the refractive index, which in turn affects the positional accuracy, especially in the height components. This paper presents a study conducted in the Southern Peninsular Malaysia located at the equatorial region, to investigate the impact of tropospheric delay on GPS height variation. Four campaigns were launched with each campaign lasting for three days. The Malaysian real-time kinematic GPS network (MyRTKnet) reference stations in Johor Bahru were used. GPS RINEX data from these stations were integrated with ground meteorological data observed concurrently from a GPS station located at the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), at varying antenna heights for each session of observation. A developed computer program called TROPO.exe based on the Saastamoinen tropospheric delay model was used in estimating the amount of tropospheric delay. The result reveals that, there is inconsistency in the delay variation, reaching maximum delay of 18 m in pseudo-range measurement. The height component shows variations with a maximum value of 119.100 cm and a minimum value of 37.990 cm. The result of the simulated data shows 5.00 m of differences in height gives an effect or improvement of 1.3 mm in signal propagation. This indicates that, tropospheric delay decreases with increase in antenna height