Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Penularan Penyakit Flu Burung pada Manusia di Kota Pekanbaru dan Kabupaten Pelalawan

Kota Pekanbaru dan Kabupaten Pelalawan ditetapkan sebagai wilayah Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) flu burung setelah terjadi kasus Flu Burung yang menyebabkan kematian warga. Terjadinya KLB  dipengaruhi oleh faktor Lingkungan, Perilaku dan Pelayanan Kesehatan. Dilihat dari tingkat kegawatannya kasus ini harus segera diantisipasi sehingga tidak semakin meluas dan meresahkan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu perlu diketahui faktor yang cenderung mempengaruhi terjadinya penularan Flu Burung, sehingga masyarakat bisa lebih waspada terhadap segala kemungkinan penularan Virus H5N1. Rancangan Penelitian adalah Dekriptif Eksploratif dalam bentuk studi kasus. Subjek penelitian adalah semua penderita positif Avian Influenza dan pengelola program flu burung Kota Pekanbaru dan Kabupaten Pelalawan, yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor lingkungan yang dominan cenderung terjadi pada keluarga yang melakukan aktivitas beternak unggas dan kasus ini cepat diatasi. Upaya penanggulangan oleh pemerintah untuk kasus yang berhubungan dengan unggas sudah mempunyai Standar Opersional Prosedur yang jelas sehingga kasus cepat teratasi. Faktor perilaku yang dominan mempengaruhi terjadinya kasus flu burung ialah pada keluarga yang mempunyai kebiasaan menggunakan pupuk kotoran unggas dan kebiasaan orang tua membawa anaknya ketempat beresiko terjadinya flu burung

Tingkat Pendapatan Petani terhadap Komoditas Unggulan Perkebunan Sulawesi Tenggara

The study had been done to cocoa farmers in Kolaka regency and cashew nut farmer in Muna regency on April to July 2004 used survey method. This study was aimed to observe farming system description, income rates and contribution of farming system income on structure of household income so that could be known the welfare of farmer. The result showed that income rates of cocoa farmers were greater than cashew nut farmers. The amount burden of cocoa farmers were 4,32 people, while that income was Rp 7.059.943,70 per years, contribution of farming system income was 76,38 % of the total of farmer income with B/C ratio 2,80. the income rates of cashew nut farmers were Rp 4.437.475,54 per years with 4,62 people, contribution of farming system income was 16,34 % of the total of farmer income with B/C ratio 1,17. Both had B/C ratio > 1, so that farming system were still beneficial and reasonable to be developed. The welfare of cocoa farmers was above poverty line while income per capita per years was equivalent to 710,51 kg rice, where as welfare of cashew nut farmers was almost be in poor criteria, income per capita was equivalent to 384,30 kg rice. Therefore one of the ways to increase cashew nut farmers income was to repair farming system by giving production input and making the land use effective

Highly homogeneous nitrogen doped titania nanomaterials: Synthesis and characterization

A series of nitrogen doped titania nanomaterials were synthesized via sol-gel method by using tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide as N source. Doping of N into TiO2 was confirmed via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. Mixture of anatase and rutile phases appeared in the unmodified TiO2 which was calcined at 773 K. The addition of N to TiO2 matrix led to formation of single phase of anatase. It has been demonstrated that TiO2 and all the N-doped TiO2 materials were in nanoscale ranging 15.91 – 20.82 nm. Change in surface morphology after N doping was detected by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Results of EDX mapping analysis indicated homogeneous distribution of N dopants

Teaching Reading Comprehension On Descriptive Text By Using Macromedia Flash

The purpose of this research is to know whether the change of students achievement in reading comprehension before and after treatment by using Macromedia Flash on descriptive text to the seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 3 Pontianak in academic year 2011/2012 significant?This research used quasi-experimental design which the writer conducted two groups; experimental group and control group. The treatments were given three times. The data result showed that the interval mean score of the experimental group in pre-test and post-test was11.39, while control group was 1.45.The t-test was higher than t-table, it means that Alternative Hypothesis There is a significant change of the students achievement in reading comprehension on descriptive text after being taught by using Macromedia Flash was accepted

Pewarisan Sifat Agronomi Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum Annuum L.) Toleran di Lahan Gambut

Plant breeding programs aimed to increase the production through creating new Chili hybrid. The genetic parameters information which is also known as genetic variability and heritability should be know before start the selection. Research aimed to identify the agronomic trait inheritance of Chili as selection criteria that tolerance in peatlands. The experiment was conducted in peatlands Rimbo Panjang village, Kampar Regency. The experiment lasted from November 2012 to April 2013. Research was arranged experimentally using Randomized Block Design (RBD) consists of seven genotypes of Chili that IPB C- 5, IPB C- 111, 1PB C- 120, IPB C- 159, IPB C- 159 x IPB C- 5, IPB C- 159 x IPB C- 111 and IPB C- 159 x IPB C- 120, with 3 replications. Parameters observed are flowering date, harvesting date, plant height, height of dichotomous, stem diameter, crown width, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit stalk length, weight per fruit and weight per plant. Results showed that genotype IPB C- 159 x IPB C- 120 has higher value on length of fruit and fruit stalk length compared than 3 tested genotypes. While the genotype IPB C- 159 x IPB C- 5 has higher value on fruit diameter, weight per fruit and weight per plant 3 other genotypes. Character flowering date, fruit length, fruit stalk length and weight of fruit is recommended as selection criteria for peatlands because it has a wide genetic variability and high heritability

Analysis of Rhizosphere Bacterial Community in Suppressive and Conducive Soils to Basal Rot of Garlic Based on PCR-RISA

Basal rot (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae) is an important disease of garlic in Tawangmangu Karanganyar Central Java Indonesia. Disease- suppressive could be found in some lands around disease-conducive lands in Tawangmangu. The role of rhizosphere bacterial cammunity to induce disease-suppressiveness has been studied extensively on many soil born pathogen. Among the many groups of such organisms are root-associated bacteria, which generally represent a subset of soil bacteria. Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (RISA) is a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based method as an useful assessment tool for the diversity analysis of microbes in the environment. Currently, the diversity analysis of rhizospere bacterial community of garlic planted on suppressive and conducive soil has been conducted. Conducive soil is the land where the disease incidence of basal rot of garlic at 1% or lower, whereas suppressive soil at 40% or higher. The diversity analysis was done through independent cultureable approach of PCR-RISA using universal primers of operon gene region of rRNA between small subunit (16S) and large subunit (23S) called intergenic spacer region (ISR). The diversity of rhizosphere bacteria from suppressive soil was different from that of conducive soil. The rhizosphere bacteria in suppressive soil was more diverse than those of conducive soil and the bacteria in healthy garlic rhizosphere was also more diverse than those in the diseased one