Generalized minority games with adaptive trend-followers and contrarians

We introduce a simple extension of the minority game in which the market rewards contrarian (resp. trend-following) strategies when it is far from (resp. close to) efficiency. The model displays a smooth crossover from a regime where contrarians dominate to one where trend-followers dominate. In the intermediate phase, the stationary state is characterized by non-Gaussian features as well as by the formation of sustained trends and bubbles.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figure

Entanglement swapping with photons generated on-demand by a quantum dot

Photonic entanglement swapping, the procedure of entangling photons without any direct interaction, is a fundamental test of quantum mechanics and an essential resource to the realization of quantum networks. Probabilistic sources of non-classical light can be used for entanglement swapping, but quantum communication technologies with device-independent functionalities demand for push-button operation that, in principle, can be implemented using single quantum emitters. This, however, turned out to be an extraordinary challenge due to the stringent requirements on the efficiency and purity of generation of entangled states. Here we tackle this challenge and show that pairs of polarization-entangled photons generated on-demand by a GaAs quantum dot can be used to successfully demonstrate all-photonic entanglement swapping. Moreover, we develop a theoretical model that provides quantitative insight on the critical figures of merit for the performance of the swapping procedure. This work shows that solid-state quantum emitters are mature for quantum networking and indicates a path for scaling up.Comment: The first four authors contributed equally to this work. 17 pages, 3 figure

The Small Ruminant Nutrition System: development and evaluation of a goat submodel

The Small Ruminant Nutrition System (SRNS) is a computer model based on the structure of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System for Sheep.A version of the SRNS for goats is under development and evaluation. In the SRNS for goats, energy and protein requirements are predicted based on the equations developed for the SRNS for sheep, modified to account for specific requirements of goats. Feed biological values are predicted based on carbohydrate and protein fractions and their ruminal degradation rates, on forage, concentrate and liquid passage rates, on microbial growth, and on physically effective fiber. The evaluation of the SRNS for goats based on literature data showed that the SRNS accurately predicted the ADG of kids (RMSEP = 32.5 g/d; r2 = 0.85; CCC = 0.91), and the daily MEI (RMSEP = 0.24 Mcal/d g/d; r2 = 0.99; CCC = 0.99) and the energy balance (RMSEP = 0.20 Mcal/d g/d; r2 = 0.87; CCC = 0.90) of goats

Atorvastatin combined to interferon to verify the efficacy (ACTIVE) in relapsing-remitting active multiple sclerosis patients: a longitudinal controlled trial of combination therapy.

A large body of evidence suggests that, besides their cholesterol-lowering effect, statins exert anti-inflammatory action. Consequently, statins may have therapeutic potential in immune-mediated disorders such as multiple sclerosis. Our objectives were to determine safety, tolerability and efficacy of low-dose atorvastatin plus high-dose interferon beta-1a in multiple sclerosis patients responding poorly to interferon beta-1a alone. Relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients, aged 18–50 years, with contrast-enhanced lesions or relapses while on therapy with interferon beta-1a 44 mg (three times weekly) for 12 months, were randomized to combination therapy (interferon+atorvastatin 20mg per day; group A) or interferon alone (group B) for 24 months. Patients underwent blood analysis and clinical assessment with the Expanded Disability Status Scale every 3 months, and brain gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging at screening, and 12 and 24 months thereafter. Primary outcome measure was contrast-enhanced lesion number. Secondary outcome measures were number of relapses, EDSS variation and safety laboratory data. Forty-five patients were randomized to group A (n 1⁄4 21) or B (n 1⁄4 24). At 24 months, group A had significantly fewer contrast-enhanced lesions versus baseline (p 1⁄4 0.007) and significantly fewer relapses versus the two pre-randomization years (p < 0.001). At survival analysis, the risk for a 1-point EDSS increase was slightly higher in group B than in group A (p 1⁄4 0.053). Low-dose atorvastatin may be beneficial, as add-on therapy, in poor responders to high-dose interferon beta-1a alone

A Pair Polarimeter for Linearly Polarized High Energy Photons

A high quality beam of linearly polarized photons of several GeV will become available with the coherent bremsstrahlung technique at JLab. We have developed a polarimeter which requires about two meters of the beam line, has an analyzing power of 20% and an efficiency of 0.02%. The layout and first results of a polarimeter test on the laser back-scattering photon beam at SPring-8/LEPS are presented

A Mechanistic model for predicting the nutrient requirements and feed biological values for sheep

The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS), a mechanistic model that predicts nutrient requirements and biological values of feeds for cattle, was modified for use with sheep. Published equations were added for predicting the energy and protein requirements of sheep, with a special emphasis on dairy sheep, whose specific needs are not considered by most sheep-feeding systems. The CNCPS for cattle equations that are used to predict the supply of nutrients from each feed were modified to include new solid and liquid ruminal passage rates for sheep, and revised equations were inserted to predict metabolic fecal N. Equations were added to predict fluxes in body energy and protein reserves from BW and condition score. When evaluated with data from seven published studies (19 treatments), for which the CNCPS for sheep predicted positive ruminal N balance, the CNCPS for sheep predicted OM digestibility, which is used to predict feed ME values, with no mean bias (1.1 g/100 g of OM; P &gt; 0.10) and a low root mean squared prediction error (RMSPE; 3.6 g/100 g of OM). Crude protein digestibility, which is used to predict N excretion, was evaluated with eight published studies (23 treatments). The model predicted CP digestibility with no mean bias (-1.9 g/100 g of CP; P &gt; 0.10) but with a large RMSPE (7.2 g/100 g of CP). Evaluation with a data set of published studies in which the CNCPS for sheep predicted negative ruminal N balance indicated that the model tended to underpredict OM digestibility (mean bias of -3.3 g/100 g of OM, P &gt; 0.10; RMSPE = 6.5 g/100 g of OM; n = 12) and to overpredict CP digestibility (mean bias of 2.7 g/100 g of CP, P &gt; 0.10; RMSPE = 12.8 g/100 g of CP; n = 7). The ability of the CNCPS for sheep to predict gains and losses in shrunk BW was evaluated using data from six studies with adult sheep (13 treatments with lactating ewes and 16 with dry ewes). It accurately predicted variations in shrunk BW when diets had positive N balance (mean bias of 5.8 g/d; P &gt; 0.10; RMSPE of 30.0 g/d; n = 15), whereas it markedly overpredicted the variations in shrunk BW when ruminal balance was negative (mean bias of 53.4 g/d, P &lt; 0.05; RMSPE = 84.1 g/d; n = 14). These evaluations indicated that the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System for Sheep can be used to predict energy and protein requirements, feed biological values, and BW gains and losses in adult sheep

Investigating the veracity of self-reported post-traumatic growth: a profile analysis approach

Research into posttraumatic growth—positive psychological change that people report in their relationships, priorities in life, and self-perception after experiences of adversity—has been severely critiqued. We investigated the degree to which community members’ friends and relatives corroborated targets’ self-perceived positive and negative changes as measured by the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-42. We found corroboration only for negative changes when we examined overall (averaged) scores. However, using a profile analysis procedure, we found significant participant–informant agreement on the domains of change that had relatively higher scores in the target’s profile and those that had relatively lower scores. Our results demonstrate that informants were able to observe that targets had changed and were sensitive to the idiosyncratic ways in which these changes had manifested in targets’ behavior

Study of the bacterial community affiliated to Hyalesthes obsoletus, the insect vector of “bois noir” phytoplasma of grape

Grape yellows caused by phytoplasmas afflict several important wine-producing areas of Europe. A grape yellows with increasingincidence in European vineyards is “bois noir” (BN), caused by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’. Its vector is the planthopperHyalesthes obsoletus Signoret (Hemiptera Cixiidae), occasionally feeding on grapevine. An innovative strategy for reducing thediffusion of the disease could be symbiotic control, exploiting the action of symbiotic microorganisms of the insect host. To investigatethe occurrence of possible microbial candidates for symbiotic control we performed a molecular characterization of thebacteria associated to H. obsoletus. Length heterogeneity PCR was applied for a preliminary population screening. Taxonomicaffiliations of the bacterial species were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, showing, within the microbial diversity,the intracellular reproductive parasite Wolbachia pipientis and a Bacteroidetes symbiont with 92% nt identity with ‘CandidatusSulcia muelleri’. PCR essays specific for these bacteria showed they co-localize in several organs of H. obsoletus. Fluorescentin situ hybridization was performed to assess the distribution of these microorganisms within the insect body, showing interestinglocalization patterns, particularly in insect gonads and salivary glands. These results could be a starting point for a deeper investigationof functions and relationships between microbial species

Refugees, trauma and adversity-activated development

The nature of the refugee phenomenon is examined and the position of mental health professionals is located in relation to it. The various uses of the word 'trauma' are explored and its application to the refugee context is examined. It is proposed that refugees' response to adversity is not limited to being traumatized but includes resilience and Adversity-Activated Development (AAD). Particular emphasis is given to the distinction between resilience and AAD. The usefulness of the 'Trauma Grid' in the therapeutic process with refugees is also discussed. The Trauma Grid avoids global impressions and enables a more comprehensive and systematic way of identifying the individual refugee's functioning in the context of different levels, i.e. individual, family, community and society/culture. Finally, I discuss implications for therapeutic work with refugees

Balanços de energia e proteína metabolizável de ovelhas em pastagem de capim-tanzânia.

Resumo: O uso do pasto como única fonte de alimentação pode não ser suficiente para atender as exigências nutricionais em todo o ciclo de produção. As exigências nutricionais podem mudar conforme a fase fisiológica e há necessidade em determinar e quantificar quais nutrientes são limitantes e em que época é necessário à intervenção com a suplementação alimentar. Objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar o balanço de energia e proteína de ovelhas em diferentes estados fisiológicos, em pastagem de capim-tanzânia, utilizando o pastejo simulado e o software Small Ruminant Nutrition System (SRNS). Foram utilizadas 90 ovelhas mestiças entre as raças Santa Inês e Somalis Brasileira, com distintos graus de sangue, manejadas em uma área de três hectares de pastagem de capim-tanzânia irrigada e adubada no período seco. As ovelhas foram acompanhadas durante todo o ciclo de produção para contemplar as variações de exigências nutricionais ao longo do ano. Para estimativa da qualidade da dieta de ovinos foram coletadas amostras por meio da simulação de pastejo. Para a simulação dos balanços de energia e proteína foi utilizado o SRNS. Os balanços negativos de energia e proteína ocorreram principalmente nas fases de gestação e lactação, fases onde ocorrem as maiores exigências nutricionais. Houve um déficit de 53,38% das exigências de energia metabolizável (EM) e de 147,45% das exigências de proteína metabolizável (PM) do final da gestação para início da lactação. Em relação às exigências de EM e PM no período de gestação, o déficit foi de 91,55% das necessidades de EM e de 90,32% para PM de ovelhas no início da gestação para o final da gestação. Nestes períodos são necessárias estratégias de suplementação alimentar como forma de corrigir estes balanços negativos. Nos demais meses, que corresponderam às ovelhas no início da gestação e animais não gestantes/não lactantes, os ajustes em termos de proteína e energia são mínimos, sendo que o próprio animal, por meio de sua fisiologia, pode mobilizar suas reservas corporais ou fazer a reciclagem do nitrogênio para tentar atender estas exigências. Conclui-se que O SRNS mostrou-se sensível para predizer os balanços nutricionais nas condições deste estudo e que a proteína é o nutriente mais limitante neste tipo de sistema de criação. [Nutritional balance of metabolizable energy and protein of ewes grazing tanzânia grass]. Abstract: The use of pasture as a only source of nutrients of grazing ruminants may not be sufficient to meet the nutritional requirements throughout the production cycle. The nutritional requirements may change as the physiological stage. Therefore, there is a need to determine and quantify which nutrients are limiting and the intervention with dietary supplementation is needed. This experiment was carried out to assess the nutritional balance of energy and protein for sheep in different physiological states, grazing tanzania grass, using the hand plucked forage and simulations using the software Small Ruminant Nutrition System (SRNS). Ninety crossbred ewes between Santa Inês and Brasilian Somalis, with different, were assigned an area of three hectares of tanzania grass pasture, irrigated and fertilized during the dry season. The data collect was carried out throughout whole physiological cycle to encompass changes in nutritional requirements throughout the year. The negative balance of energy and protein occurred mainly in stages of gestation and lactation phases, when the ewes experienced the greatest demands of nutrients. There was a deficit of 53.38% of the metabolizable energy (ME) and 147.45% of metabolizable protein (PM) at the end of gestation to early lactation. Regarding EM and PM requirements during pregnancy, there was a deficit of 91.55% of the requirements of EM and 90.32% of PM for the ewes from early to late pregnancy. During these periods supplemental feeding strategies is required to correct these deficits. In the other months, which corresponded to ewes in early pregnancy and non-pregnant animals / non-lactating, adjustments in terms of protein and energy were minimal, and the animal itself, through its physiology, can mobilize their body reserves or increasing recycling of nitrogen probably will be able to meet these requirements. The SRNS was sensitive to predict the nutritional balance in the conditions of this study. Protein is the main limiting nutrient in this raising system