Huntingtin mediates anxiety/depression-related behaviours in mouse through BDNF transport and hippocampal neurogenesis

peer reviewe

Huntingtin mediates anxiety/depression-related behaviors and hippocampal neurogenesis.

International audienc

Huntingtin mediates anxiety/depression-related behaviors and hippocampal neurogenesis.

Hervé-Bazin J. Syrphide nouveau des colonies françaises [Dipt.]. In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 18 (16),1913. pp. 398-399

Membrane asymmetry imposes directionality on lipid droplet emergence from the ER

During energy bursts, neutral lipids fabricated within the ER bilayer demix to form lipid droplets (LDs). LDs bud off mainly in the cytosol where they regulate metabolism and multiple biological processes. They indeed become accessible to most enzymes and can interact with other organelles. How such directional emergence is achieved remains elusive. Here, we found that this directionality is controlled by an asymmetry in monolayer surface coverage. Model LDs emerge on the membrane leaflet of higher coverage, which is improved by the insertion of proteins and phospholipids. In cells, continuous LD emergence on the cytosol would require a constant refill of phospholipids to the ER cytosolic leaflet. Consistent with this model, cells deficient in phospholipids present an increased number of LDs exposed to the ER lumen and compensate by remodeling ER shape. Our results reveal an active cooperation between phospholipids and proteins to extract LDs from ER

Papulose bowenóide: um aspecto clínico da infecção pelo HPV Bowenoid papulosis: a clinical feature of the HPV infection

Papulose bowenóide é uma doença que acomete a pele da região anogenital e que se caracteriza pelas múltiplas pequenas pápulas planas ou aveludadas e de coloração que varia do róseo ao castanho-escuro. É provocada pelo HPV e a transmissão sexual é a forma mais freqüente de contaminação. As queixas mais comuns são prurido e dor. O aspecto é característico e o exame histopatológico confirma o diagnóstico. Junto com a doença de Bowen e a eritroplasia de Queyrat, é considerada como carcinoma in situ, ou neoplasia intra-epitelial de alto grau (NIAA), a lesão precursora do carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) anal. Sem tratamento, a maioria das lesões permanece benigna e estável. Várias modalidades terapêuticas estão disponíveis, incluindo as medicações tópicas para citodestruição e as técnicas ablativas. Os esquemas tópicos são efetivos. Cabe ao profissional médico escolher a terapia adequada, tendo em mente que a doença é benigna e raramente evolui para carcinoma. Como as recidivas são freqüentes e ainda persistem dúvidas quanto ao potencial de malignização, os doentes devem ser examinados periodicamente para diagnosticar as lesões iniciais.<br>Bowenoid papulosis is an anogenital skin disease characterized by multiple little papules, flat or velvet, which color varies from pink to dark brown. It is provoked by HPV and its transmission is sexual. Most common symptoms are anal pain and itching. Its appearance is characteristic and hystopathological examination confirms diagnosis. Together with Bowen´s disease and Queyrat erythroplasia, is considered as an in situ carcinoma, or high grade intra-epithelial neoplasia (HAIN), a precursor of the squamous-cell carcinoma. Most of lesions remain benign and stable without treatment. There are several kinds of treatment including topical drugs for cytodestruction and ablative techniques. Topic schemes are effectives. The consultant doctor may choose the most adequate therapy, keeping in mind this disease is benign and rarely evolutes to invasive carcinoma. As recurrences are frequent and remain doubts about malign potential, patients must be examined periodically to diagnose initial lesions

Evidence for insertional codemixing: Mixed compounds and French nominal groups in Brussels Dutch

In this paper we analyse mixed compounds, such as legume+winkel ‘vegetable shop, greengrocery’ and winter+paletot ‘winter coat’ which contain a French and a Dutch element, and French nominal groups, such as carte d’identité ‘identity card’, and journal parlé ‘radio news’, which bilingual speakers from Brussels frequently insert into Brussels Dutch utterances. Using Muysken’s (2000) typology of bilingual speech, we claim that the mixed compounds and the nominal groups display the characteristics of insertional code-mixing. In addition, some evidence for the existence of a continuum between borrowing and code-switching can be obtained from these examples. As the multimorphemic units that are inserted into Dutch are neither single words, nor full constituents, their status in the lexicon raises interesting issues for researchers interested in the interface between syntax and the lexicon (see also Backus 2003). We try to argue that nominal groups such as carte d’identité and journal parlé are probably best seen as lexical templates or constructional idioms (Booij, 2002b). The insertion of French constructional idioms in Brussels Dutch represents an innovation in the lexical patterns that are available to speakers of this language, which is highly relevant for theories of language change

Seipin and the membrane-shaping protein Pex30 cooperate in organelle budding from the endoplasmic reticulum

Lipid droplets (LDs) and peroxisomes are ubiquitous organelles with central roles in eukaryotic cells. Although the mechanisms involved in biogenesis of these organelles remain elusive, both seem to require the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here we show that in yeast the ER budding of these structurally unrelated organelles has remarkably similar requirements and involves cooperation between Pex30 and the seipin complex. In the absence of these components, budding of both LDs and peroxisomes is inhibited, leading to the ER accumulation of their respective constituent molecules, such as triacylglycerols and peroxisomal membrane proteins, whereas COPII vesicle formation remains unaffected. This phenotype can be reversed by remodeling ER phospholipid composition highlighting a key function of these lipids in organelle biogenesis. We propose that seipin and Pex30 act in concert to organize membrane domains permissive for organelle budding, and that may have a lipid composition distinct from the bulk ER