'A Divided Soul'? the Cold War odyssey of O. John Rogge

In 1948 O. John Rogge, a prominent American liberal, was a contender for the Progressive Party's vice-presidential nomination. He was then a man of the Left: an activist in the international peace movement, a champion of radical causes and a defender of organizations deemed subversive by the Department of Justice. In 1951 he persuaded his\ud client to turn government witness in the Rosenberg espionage trial and was converted into 'Rogge the Rat' by his former allies. In tracing this transformation, this paper will argue that Rogge was neither a typical Cold War apostate nor a typical anti-Stalinist intellectual. Instead, his political trajectory was the outcome of a failed attempt to steer global politics away from Cold War dichotomies. The paper will therefore throw new light\ud both on the movement to find a 'third way' between East and West, and on the phenomenon of non-communist Left activism during the early Cold War

Condom availability in New York City public high schools: relationships to condom use and sexual behavior.

OBJECTIVES: This study examines the impact of the condom availability program in New York City public high schools by comparing rates of sexual activity and condom use for New York students and similar students in Chicago. METHODS: A total of 7119 students from 12 randomly selected New York schools and 5738 students from 10 Chicago schools participated in a cross-sectional survey. RESULTS: New York students, compared with Chicago students, reported equal rates of sexual activity but higher rates of condom use at last intercourse (odds ratio [OR] = 1.36). For higher-risk students (those with three or more sexual partners in the past 6 months), condom use was greater in New York (OR = 1.85) than in Chicago. CONCLUSIONS: Condom availability has a modest but significant effect on condom use and does not increase rates of sexual activity. These findings suggest that school-based condom availability can lower the risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases for urban teenagers in the United States

Development of All‐solid‐state Antidiabetic Drug Metformin‐selective Microsensor and its Electrochemical Applications

WOS: 000514639500001In this study, all-solid-state type potentiometric PVC membrane selective microsensor was developed for Metformin (MET) which is an antidiabetic drug active substance. Metformin-tetraphenylborate (MET-TPB) ion-pair was used as an ionophore in the structure of the sensor membrane. It was determined that the sensor membrane at the ratio of 69 % o-nitrophenyl octyl ether, 27 % polyvinyl chloride and 4 % MET-TPB performed the best potentiometric performance. in a wide concentration range (1x10(-5)-1x10(-1) mol/L), the slope, detection limit, response time, pH range, and life-time of the sensor were determined as 55.9 +/- 1.6 mV (R-2=0.996), 3.35x10(-6) mol/L, 8-10 s, pH: 3-8, and similar to 10 weeks, respectively. the voltammetric performances of the sensor were also investigated. the prepared microsensor was successfully utilized for the determination of Metformin in a pharmaceutical drug sample by potentiometry and voltammetry. It was observed that the obtained results were in agreement with the results obtained by the UV spectroscopy method at 95 % confidence level

The Nordic Trade Union Movement and Transnational Anti-Communist Networks in the Early Cold War

Private transnational anti-communist networks were crucial in containing international communism during the Cold War. In the Nordic countries, social democratic oriented trade union representatives allied themselves with American counterparts – who had both relations to the state and secret services – in an effort to detain/suppress the local communists.</p