Assessment of Health and Nutritional Status Under the Integrated Child Development Services: in the Field Practice Area of Rural Training Health Centre, Nadayara, Travancore Medical College, Kollam-India

Assessment of health and nutritional status was carried out in Anganwadi Children in the Field Practice Area of Rural Training Health Centre, Nadayara, Travancore Medical College, Kollam. This is a cross sectional study within community base setting. Data were collected by a pretested structured questionnaire and analyzed by applying SPSS. Undernourished children in the Anganwadis under study were 21 %. Growth pattern of these children were significantly associated with the birth weight and the episodes of diarrhea. A significant proportion of children are missing the booster doses. DPT booster (16-24 months) is only 74.1 % and DT booster (5-6 years) is only a meager of 13.6

Propositional Dynamic Logic for Message-Passing Systems

We examine a bidirectional propositional dynamic logic (PDL) for finite and infinite message sequence charts (MSCs) extending LTL and TLC-. By this kind of multi-modal logic we can express properties both in the entire future and in the past of an event. Path expressions strengthen the classical until operator of temporal logic. For every formula defining an MSC language, we construct a communicating finite-state machine (CFM) accepting the same language. The CFM obtained has size exponential in the size of the formula. This synthesis problem is solved in full generality, i.e., also for MSCs with unbounded channels. The model checking problem for CFMs and HMSCs turns out to be in PSPACE for existentially bounded MSCs. Finally, we show that, for PDL with intersection, the semantics of a formula cannot be captured by a CFM anymore

The twilight world of British business politics: the Spring Sunningdale conferences since the 1960s

This article explores a previously unknown form of interaction, known as Spring Sunningdale, between the British business elite and its civil servant equivalent in Whitehall. These began in 1963 and were still continuing only a few years ago. The continuity and stability of these meetings stands in contrast to wider changes in the nature of business–government relations in Britain during this period, particularly since the election of the Thatcher government in 1979. The article analyses why there was such continuity and what the senior civil servants and the captains of industry who attended these annual meetings gained from them

Meese-Rogoff Redux: Micro-Based Exchange Rate Forecasting

This paper compares the true, ex-ante forecasting performance of a micro-based model against both a standard macro model and a random walk. In contrast to existing literature, which is focused on longer horizon forecasting, we examine forecasting over horizons from one day to one month (the one-month horizon being where micro and macro analysis begin to overlap). Over our 3-year forecasting sample, we find that the micro-based model consistently out-performs both the random walk and the macro model. Micro-based forecasts account for almost 16 per cent of the sample variance in monthly spot rate changes. These results provide a level of empirical validation as yet unattained by other models. Though our micro-based model out-performs the macro model, this does not imply that past macro analysis has overlooked key fundamentals: our structural interpretation using a fundamentals-based model shows that our findings are consistent with exchange rates being driven by standard fundamentals.Exchange rates, forecasting, Meese and Rogoff, microstructure, order flow

Where Are We Now? Real-time Estimates of the Macro Economy

This paper describes a method for calculating daily real-time estimates of the current state of the U.S. economy. The estimates are computed from data on scheduled U.S. macroeconomic announcements using an econometric model that allows for variable reporting lags, temporal aggregation, and other complications in the data. The model can be applied to find real-time estimates of GDP, inflation, unemployment or any other macroeconomic variable of interest. In this paper I focus on the problem of estimating the current level of and growth rate in GDP. I construct daily real-time estimates of GDP that incorporate public information known on the day in question. The real-time estimates produced by the model are uniquely-suited to studying how perceived developments the macro economy are linked to asset prices over a wide range of frequencies. The estimates also provide, for the first time, daily time series that can be used in practical policy decisions.Keywords: Real-time data, Kalman Filtering, Forecasting GDP

Exchange Rate Fundamentals and Order Flow (July 2004)

This paper addresses the striking ability of transaction flows to explain exchange rate movements. Specifically, we examine whether this arises because transaction flows convey incremental information about fundamentals. If so, then these flows should affect price upon their realization and observation by price setters (marketmakers). Our model is a simple general equilibrium model of information aggregation that provides---in a setting of incomplete markets---a utility-based present-value representation for exchange rates. The model produces testable implications for the relationships between realized transaction flows, current and future exchange rate returns, and future fundamentals (e.g., money supplies). We then bring these implications to the data, making use of a new dataset covering over six years of transactions (which permits estimation at the monthly frequency). We find strong contemporanous effects of transaction flows on exchange rates, corroborating past findings. More importantly, we present four key findings that are both new to the literature and supportive of our model: (1) transaction flows forecast (Granger cause) future macroeconomic variables such as money growth, output growth, and inflation, (2) transaction flows forecast future exchange rates changes, and do so more effectively than forward discounts, (3) the future exchange rate components that current flows forecast are primarily the future non-flow-driven components, and (4) though flows convey new information about future fundamentals, much of this information is still not impounded in the exchange rate 9 months later. The slow pace of learning implies that abstracting from information aggregation---as is standard in exchange rate economics---is not innocuous.Exchange Rate Dynamics, Microstructure, Order Flow.

Classical BI: Its Semantics and Proof Theory

We present Classical BI (CBI), a new addition to the family of bunched logics which originates in O'Hearn and Pym's logic of bunched implications BI. CBI differs from existing bunched logics in that its multiplicative connectives behave classically rather than intuitionistically (including in particular a multiplicative version of classical negation). At the semantic level, CBI-formulas have the normal bunched logic reading as declarative statements about resources, but its resource models necessarily feature more structure than those for other bunched logics; principally, they satisfy the requirement that every resource has a unique dual. At the proof-theoretic level, a very natural formalism for CBI is provided by a display calculus \`a la Belnap, which can be seen as a generalisation of the bunched sequent calculus for BI. In this paper we formulate the aforementioned model theory and proof theory for CBI, and prove some fundamental results about the logic, most notably completeness of the proof theory with respect to the semantics.Comment: 42 pages, 8 figure

Collision rates in the present-day Kuiper Belt and Centaur Regions: Applications to surface activation and modification on Comets, Kuiper Belt Objects, Centaurs, and Pluto-Charon

We extend previous results showing that the surfaces of Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt objects are not primordial and have been moderately to heavily reworked by collisions. Objects smaller than about $r = 2.5$ km have collisional disruption lifetimes less than 3.5 Gyr in the present-day collisional environment and have been heavily damaged in their interiors by large collisions. In the 30--50 AU region, impacts of 1 km radius comets onto individual 100 km radius objects occur on $7\times10^7$--$4\times10^8$ yr timescales, cratering the surfaces of the larger objects with $\sim$8--54 craters 6 km in diameter over 3.5 Gyr. Collision time scales for impacts of 4 meter radius projectiles onto 1 km radius comets range from 3--5 $\times 10^7$ yr. The cumulative fraction of the surface area of 1 and 100 km radius objects cratered by projectiles with radii larger than 4 m ranges from a few to a few tens percent over 3.5 Gyr. The flux of EKO projectiles onto Pluto and Charon is also calculated and is found to be $\sim$3--5 times that of previous estimates. Our impact model is also applied to Centaur objects in the 5--30 AU region. We find the collisional/cratering histories of Centaurs are dominated by the time spent in the Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt rather than the time spent on planet-crossing orbits. Hence, the predominant surface activity of Centaur objects like Chiron is almost certainly not impact-induced.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures. Icarus, 2000, in pres

Rotating magnetic field actuation of a multicilia configuration

This paper was presented at the 2nd Micro and Nano Flows Conference (MNF2009), which was held at Brunel University, West London, UK. The conference was organised by Brunel University and supported by the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, IPEM, the Italian Union of Thermofluid dynamics, the Process Intensification Network, HEXAG - the Heat Exchange Action Group and the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications.The current paper continues the analysis of a completely novel method of fluid manipulation technology in micro-fluidics systems, inspired by nature, namely by the mechanisms found in ciliates. More information on this subject can be found at http://www.hitech-projects.com/euprojects/artic/. In order to simulate the drag forces acting on an array of artificial cilia, we have developed a computer code that is based on fundamental solutions of Stokes flow in a semi-infinite domain. The actuation mechanism consists of a bi-directional rotating excitation magnetic field. The magnetization induced by the magnetic field was calculated in a separate routine based on the Integral Nonlinear Equations Approach with 1D discretization of wire (cilium). Time averaged x-coordinate mass flow rates are computed for several cilium configurations resulting. The outcome and originality of this paper consist on assessing magnetic actuation as a practical tool for obtaining a consistent one-directional fluid flow.This work has been supported through grant ARTIC FP6-2004-NMP-TI4