Thermal one- and two-graviton Green's functions in the temporal gauge

The thermal one- and two-graviton Green's function are computed using a temporal gauge. In order to handle the extra poles which are present in the propagator, we employ an ambiguity-free technique in the imaginary-time formalism. For temperatures T high compared with the external momentum, we obtain the leading T^4 as well as the subleading T^2 and log(T) contributions to the graviton self-energy. The gauge fixing independence of the leading T^4 terms as well as the Ward identity relating the self-energy with the one-point function are explicitly verified. We also verify the 't Hooft identities for the subleading T^2 terms and show that the logarithmic part has the same structure as the residue of the ultraviolet pole of the zero temperature graviton self-energy. We explicitly compute the extra terms generated by the prescription poles and verify that they do not change the behavior of the leading and sub-leading contributions from the hard thermal loop region. We discuss the modification of the solutions of the dispersion relations in the graviton plasma induced by the subleading T^2 contributions.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures. Revised version to be published in Phys. Rev.

Imbalance of naive and memory T lymphocytes with sustained high cellular activation during the first year of life from uninfected children born to HIV-1-infected mothers on HAART

The immune consequences of in utero HIV exposure to uninfected children whose mothers were submitted to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) during gestation are not well defined. We evaluated 45 HIV-exposed uninfected (ENI) neonates and 45 healthy unexposed control (CT) neonates. All HIV-infected mothers received HAART during pregnancy, and the viral load at delivery was <50 copies/mL for 56.8%. Twenty-three ENI neonates were further evaluated after 12 months and compared to 23 unexposed healthy age-matched infants. Immunophenotyping was performed by flow cytometry in cord and peripheral blood. Cord blood lymphocyte numbers did not differ between groups. However, ENI neonates had a lower percentage of naive T cells than CT neonates (CD4+, 76.6 vs 83.1%, P < 0.001; CD8+, 70.9 vs 79.6%, P = 0.003) and higher percentages of central memory T cells than CT neonates (CD4+, 13.9 vs 8.7%, P < 0.001; CD8+, 8.6 vs 4.8%, P = 0.001). CD38 mean fluorescence intensity of T cells was higher in ENI neonates (CD4+, 62.2 vs 52.1, P = 0.007; CD8+, 47.7 vs 35.3, P < 0.001). At 12 months, ENI infants still had higher mean fluorescence intensity of CD38 on T cells (CD4+, 34.2 vs 23.3, P < 0.001; CD8+, 26.8 vs 19.4, P = 0.035). Despite effective maternal virologic control at delivery, HIV-exposed uninfected children were born with lower levels of naive T cells. Immune activation was present at birth and remained until at least 12 months of age, suggesting that in utero exposure to HIV causes subtle immune abnormalities.FAPESPCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES

Imaging Spectroscopy of a White-Light Solar Flare

We report observations of a white-light solar flare (SOL2010-06-12T00:57, M2.0) observed by the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and the Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI). The HMI data give us the first space-based high-resolution imaging spectroscopy of a white-light flare, including continuum, Doppler, and magnetic signatures for the photospheric FeI line at 6173.34{\AA} and its neighboring continuum. In the impulsive phase of the flare, a bright white-light kernel appears in each of the two magnetic footpoints. When the flare occurred, the spectral coverage of the HMI filtergrams (six equidistant samples spanning \pm172m{\AA} around nominal line center) encompassed the line core and the blue continuum sufficiently far from the core to eliminate significant Doppler crosstalk in the latter, which is otherwise a possibility for the extreme conditions in a white-light flare. RHESSI obtained complete hard X-ray and \Upsilon-ray spectra (this was the first \Upsilon-ray flare of Cycle 24). The FeI line appears to be shifted to the blue during the flare but does not go into emission; the contrast is nearly constant across the line profile. We did not detect a seismic wave from this event. The HMI data suggest stepwise changes of the line-of-sight magnetic field in the white-light footpoints.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, Accepted by Solar Physic

Transient Magnetic and Doppler Features Related to the White-light Flares in NOAA 10486

Rapidly moving transient features have been detected in magnetic and Doppler images of super-active region NOAA 10486 during the X17/4B flare of 28 October 2003 and the X10/2B flare of 29 October 2003. Both these flares were extremely energetic white-light events. The transient features appeared during impulsive phases of the flares and moved with speeds ranging from 30 to 50 km s$^{-1}$. These features were located near the previously reported compact acoustic \cite{Donea05} and seismic sources \cite{Zharkova07}. We examine the origin of these features and their relationship with various aspects of the flares, {\it viz.}, hard X-ray emission sources and flare kernels observed at different layers - (i) photosphere (white-light continuum), (ii) chromosphere (H$\alpha$ 6563\AA), (iii) temperature minimum region (UV 1600\AA), and (iv) transition region (UV 284\AA).Comment: 26 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in Solar Physic

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results

In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assays Of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles In Epithelial And Dermal Cells

In recent years, the interest in nanostructured systems to drug delivery has increased because they offer several advantages over conventional dosage forms. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) have been highlighted among these systems because they have advantages such as high physical stability, protection against drug degradation and ease of scale-up and manufacturing, without using organic solvent. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of SLN, by in vitro cytotoxicity assays, for dermal drug delivery. SLN of three different lipids were prepared by hot high pressure homogenization and the cytotoxicity was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test in mouse 3T3 fibroblasts and human HaCaT keratinocytes. SLN showed no cytotoxic potential suggesting a great potential for dermal application.3041Mishra, B., Patel, B.B., Tiwari, S., (2010) Nanomed.-Nanotechnol. Biol. Med., 6, p. 9Mehnert, W., Mäder, K., (2001) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 47, p. 165Pardeike, J., Hommoss, A., Müller, R.H., (2009) Int. J. Pharm., 366, p. 170Lewinski, N., Colvin, V., Drezek, R., (2008) Small, 4, p. 26Schöler, N., Hahn, H., Müller, R.H., Liesenfeld, O., (2002) Int. J. Pharm., 231, p. 167Müller, R.H., Maassen, S., Schwarz, C., Mehnert, W., (1997) J. Control. Release, 47, p. 261Shöler, N., Hahn, H., Müller, R.H., Liesenfeld, O., (2002) Int. J. Pharm., 231, p. 167Weyenberg, W., Filev, P., Plas, D.V., Vandervoort, J., Smet, K.D., Sollie, P., Ludwig, A., (2007) Int. J. Pharm., 337, p. 291Kristl, J., Teskac, K., Milek, M., Rascan, I.M., (2008) Toxicol. Appl.Pharmacol., 232, p. 218Mosmann, T., (1983) J. Immunol. Methods, 65, p. 55Marcato, P.D., Caverzan, J., Rossi-Bergmann, B., Pinto, E.F., MacHado, D., Silva, R.A., Justos, G.Z., Durán, N., (2011) J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol

Measurement of D*+/- meson production in jets from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper reports a measurement of D*+/- meson production in jets from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The measurement is based on a data sample recorded with the ATLAS detector with an integrated luminosity of 0.30 pb^-1 for jets with transverse momentum between 25 and 70 GeV in the pseudorapidity range |eta| < 2.5. D*+/- mesons found in jets are fully reconstructed in the decay chain: D*+ -> D0pi+, D0 -> K-pi+, and its charge conjugate. The production rate is found to be N(D*+/-)/N(jet) = 0.025 +/- 0.001(stat.) +/- 0.004(syst.) for D*+/- mesons that carry a fraction z of the jet momentum in the range 0.3 < z < 1. Monte Carlo predictions fail to describe the data at small values of z, and this is most marked at low jet transverse momentum.Comment: 10 pages plus author list (22 pages total), 5 figures, 1 table, matches published version in Physical Review

The role of Background Independence for Asymptotic Safety in Quantum Einstein Gravity

We discuss various basic conceptual issues related to coarse graining flows in quantum gravity. In particular the requirement of background independence is shown to lead to renormalization group (RG) flows which are significantly different from their analogs on a rigid background spacetime. The importance of these findings for the asymptotic safety approach to Quantum Einstein Gravity (QEG) is demonstrated in a simplified setting where only the conformal factor is quantized. We identify background independence as a (the ?) key prerequisite for the existence of a non-Gaussian RG fixed point and the renormalizability of QEG.Comment: 2 figures. Talk given by M.R. at the WE-Heraeus-Seminar "Quantum Gravity: Challenges and Perspectives", Bad Honnef, April 14-16, 2008; to appear in General Relativity and Gravitatio

Produção e valor nutritivo da forragem de capim-elefante em dois sistemas de produção.

Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de avaliar a produção e o valor nutritivo da forragem de capimelefante cultivado em sistemas convencional e agroecológico. No sistema convencional, o capim-elefante foi estabelecido em cultivo exclusivo, em linhas com espaçamento de 1,4 m e, no sistema agroecológico, em linhas afastadas 3 m. Nas entrelinhas, estabeleceu-se azevém no período hibernal para desenvolvimento de espécies de crescimento espontâneo no período estival. Avaliaram-se a massa, a produção e a composição botânica e estrutural da forragem e a carga animal. Amostras de simulação de pastejo foram coletadas para determinação dos teores de proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro e da digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca e matéria orgânica. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos (sistemas convencional e agroecológico) e duas repetições (piquetes). Valores mais elevados para massa de forragem, produção de forragem, taxa de acúmulo diário e carga animal foram observados no sistema convencional. A relação folha:colmo foi similar entre os sistemas. Valor mais elevado de proteína bruta foi observado no sistema agroecológico. O capim-elefante sob manejo convencional apresenta maior produção de forragem, com menores teores de proteína bruta. O sistema agroecológico apresenta melhor distribuição da produção de forragem no decorrer do ano

Transitioning Adolescents Living With Hiv/aids To Adult-oriented Health Care: An Emerging Challenge

Objective: To review the literature on transition from pediatric to adult-oriented health care and discuss this issue in the specific context of chronic conditions. Sources: MEDLINE and LILACS were searched for relevant English and French-language articles published between 1990 and 2010. Summary of the findings: The transition of adolescents with chronic diseases from pediatric care to adult-oriented services has been a growing concern among pediatric specialties. In recent years, young people living with HIV/AIDS have begun to reach adulthood, giving rise to several challenges. The studies reviewed herein discuss such relevant topics as: the difference between transfer, an isolated event, and transition, a gradual process; the transition models used in different services; the importance of transitioning in a planned and individualized manner; the need for comprehensive interaction between pediatric and adult-oriented care teams; the importance of joint participation of adolescents, their families, and health professionals in the process; barriers to and factors that promote successful transitions; and the special needs of adolescents with HIV/AIDS in this important period of life. Conclusions: Several authors agree that transitioning adolescents to adult-oriented health care should be a gradual process not determined by age alone. It requires a plan established with ample dialogue among adolescents, their families, and pediatric and adult care teams. However, there is little evidence to support any specific model of health care transition. This should prompt researchers to conduct more prospective studies on the theme, especially in more vulnerable groups such as adolescents living with HIV/AIDS. Copyright © 2010 by Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria.866465472Brown, L.K., Lourie, K.J., Maryland, P., Children and adolescents living with HIV and AIDS: A review (2000) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 41 (1), pp. 81-96. , DOI 10.1017/S0021963099004977Gortmaker, S.L., Hughes, M., Cervia, J., Brady, M., Johnson, G.M., Seage III, G.R., Song, L.Y., Oleske, J.M., Effect of combination therapy including protease inhibitors on mortality among children and adolescents infected with HIV-1 (2001) New England Journal of Medicine, 345 (21), pp. 1522-1528. , DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa011157Matida, L.H., Marcopito, L.F., O aumento do tempo de sobrevida das crianças com AIDS - Brasil (2002) Boletim Epidemiológico AIDS, 15 (1), pp. 49-55Candiani, T.M., Pinto, J., Cardoso, C.A., Carvalho, I.R., Dias, A.C., Carneiro, M., Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the incidence of opportunistic infections, hospitalizations and mortality among children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil (2007) Cad Saude Publica, 23 (SUPPL. 3), pp. S414-23Miller, T., The next decade: Cardiovascular risks, outcomes, prevention, and treatment in pediatric HIV infection (2010) J Pediatr, 86, pp. 3-5. , Rio J(2008) Boletim Epidemiológico - AIDS e DST. Ano V - no 1 - 27a - 52a - Semanas Epidemiológicas - Julho a Dezembro de 2007. Ano V - No 1-01a - 26a - Semanas Epidemiológicas - Janeiro a Junho de 2008, , Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde - Programa Nacional de DST e Aids. Brasília: Ministério da SaúdeLandau, L.I., Cystic fibrosis: Transition from pediatric to adult physician's care (1995) Thorax, 50, pp. 1031-1032Scal, P., Blum, R.W., Transition for youth with chronic conditions: Primary care physicians' approaches (2002) Pediatrics, 110 (6 II), pp. 1315-1321Shaw, K.L., Southwood, T.R., McDonagh, J.E., User perspectives of transitional care for adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (2004) Rheumatology, 43, pp. 770-778. , British Paediatric Rheumatology Group. OxfordMcDonagh, J.E., Shaw, K.L., Southwood, T.R., Growing up and moving on in rheumatology: Development and preliminary evaluation of a transitional care programme for a multicentre cohort of adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (2006) J Child Health Care, 10, pp. 22-42Aberastury, A., Knobel, M., (2000) Adolescência Normal - Um Enfoque Psicanalítico, , Porto Alegre: ArtmedMeleis, A.I., Sawyer, L.M., Im, E.O., Hilfinger Messias, D.K., Schumacher, K., Experiencing transitions: An emerging middle-range theory (2000) ANS Adv Nurs Sci, 23, pp. 12-28Kralik, D., Visentin, K., Van Loon, A., Transition: A literature review (2006) J Adv Nurs, 55, pp. 320-329Rosen, D.S., Blum, R.W., Britto, M., Sawyer, S.M., Siegel, D.M., Transition to adult health care for adolescents and young adults with chronic conditions: Position paper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine (2003) J Adolesc Health, 33, pp. 309-311. , Society for Adolescent Medicine(2009) The World Bank Data & Statistics, , http://go.worldbank.org/K2CKM78CC0, Country ClassificationAccess: 03/01/2010Bell, L.E., Sawyer, S.M., Transition of care to adult services for pediatric solid-organ transplant recipients (2010) Pediatr Clin North Am, 57, pp. 593-610Kipps, S., Bahu, T., Ong, K., Ackland, F.M., Brown, R.S., Fox, C.T., Griffin, N.K., Dunger, D.B., Current methods of transfer of young people with Type 1 diabetes to adult services (2002) Diabetic Medicine, 19 (8), pp. 649-654. , DOI 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00757.xLotstein, D.S., McPherson, M., Strickland, B., Newacheck, P.W., Transition planning for youth with special health care needs: Results from the national survey of children with special health care needs (2005) Pediatrics, 115 (6), pp. 1562-1568. , http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/reprint/115/6/1562, DOI 10.1542/peds.2004-1262Blum, R.W., Garell, D., Hodgman, C.H., Jorissen, T.W., Okinow, N.A., Orr, D.P., Slap, G.B., Transition from child-centered to adult health-care systems for adolescents with chronic conditions: A position paper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine (1993) Journal of Adolescent Health, 14 (7), pp. 570-576. , DOI 10.1016/1054-139X(93)90143-DSawyer, S.M., Blair, S., Bowes, G., Chronic illness in adolescents: Transfer or transition to adult services? (1997) J Paediatr Child Health, 33, pp. 88-90Forbes, A., While, A., Ullman, R., Lewis, S., Mathes, L., Griffiths, P., (2002) A Multimethod Review to Identify Components of Practice Which May Promote Continuity in the Transition from Child to Adult Care for Young People with Chronic Illness or Disability, , London: NCCSDOBoyle, M.P., Farukhi, Z., Nosky, M.L., Strategies for improving transition to adult cystic fibrosis care, based on patient and parent views (2001) Pediatric Pulmonology, 32 (6), pp. 428-436. , DOI 10.1002/ppul.1154Abdale, B., Kuhl, K., Tullis, D.E., Evaluation of patient satisfaction with the transition from a pediatric hospital to an adult centre (1994) Pediatr Pulmonol, 18 (SUPPL. 10), pp. 291-292Betz, C.L., Adolescent transitions: A nursing concern (1998) Pediatr Nurs, 24, pp. 23-28Dommergues, J.P., Alvin, P., Transition from pediatric to adult care in severe chronic diseases (2003) Archives de Pediatrie, 10 (4), pp. 295-299. , DOI 10.1016/S0929-693X(03)00041-1David, T.J., Transition from the paediatric clinic to the adult service (2001) Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 94 (8), pp. 373-374Geenen, S.J., Powers, L.E., Sells, W., Understanding the role of health care providers during the transition of adolescents with disabilities and special health care needs (2003) Journal of Adolescent Health, 32 (3), pp. 225-233. , DOI 10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00396-8, PII S1054139X02003968Tucker, L.B., Cabral, D.A., Transition of the Adolescent Patient with Rheumatic Disease: Issues to Consider (2007) Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America, 33 (3), pp. 661-672. , DOI 10.1016/j.rdc.2007.07.005, PII S0889857X07000415, Pediatric RheumatologyFreed, G.L., Hudson, E.J., Transitioning children with chronic diseases to adult care: Current knowledge, practices, and directions (2006) Journal of Pediatrics, 148 (6), pp. 824-827. , DOI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.02.010, PII S0022347606001089Remorino, R., Taylor, J., Smoothing things over: The transition from pediatric to adult care for kidney transplant recipients (2006) Progress in Transplantation, 16 (4), pp. 303-308McCurdy, C., DiCenso, A., Boblin, S., Ludwin, D., Bryant-Lukosius, D., Bosompra, K., There to here: Young adult patients' perceptions of the process of transition from pediatric to adult transplant care (2006) Progress in Transplantation, 16 (4), pp. 309-316Reiss, J.G., Gibson, R.W., Walker, L.R., Health care transition: Youth, family, and provider perspectives (2005) Pediatrics, 115 (1), pp. 112-120. , http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/reprint/115/1/112, DOI 10.1542/peds.2004-1321Alpay, H., Transition of the adolescent patient to the adult clinic (2009) Perit Dial Int, 29 (SUPPL. 2), pp. S180-2Weissberg-Benchell, J., Wolpert, H., Anderson, B.J., Transitioning from pediatric to adult care: A new approach to the post-adolescent young person with type 1 diabetes (2007) Diabetes Care, 30 (10), pp. 2441-2446. , http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/reprint/30/10/2441, DOI 10.2337/dc07-1249Arnett, J.J., Emerging adulthood. A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties (2000) Am Psychol, 55, pp. 469-480Arnett, J.J., (2004) Emerging Adulthood: The Winding Road from the Late Teens Through the Twenties, , New York: Oxford University PressWojciechowski, E.A., Hurtig, A., Dorn, L., A natural history study of adolescents and young adults with sickle cell disease as they transfer to adult care: A need for case management services (2002) Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 17 (1), pp. 18-27. , DOI 10.1053/jpdn.2002.30930Hauser, E.S., Dorn, L., Transitioning adolescents with sickle cell disease to adult-centered care (1999) Pediatr Nurs, 25, pp. 479-488Viner, R., Transition from paediatric to adult care. Bridging the gaps or passing the buck? (1999) Arch Dis Child, 81, pp. 271-275(2007) Lost in Transition: Moving Young People between Child and Adult Health Services, , Royal College of Nursing. London: RCNLewis-Gary, M.D., Transitioning to adult health care facilities for young adults with a chronic condition (2001) Pediatr Nurs, 27, pp. 521-524(2006) Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Pediatric HIV Infection, , The Working Group on Antiretroviral Therapy and Medical Management of HIV-Infected Children. Bethesda, MD: Department of Health and Human Services(2009) Programa Nacional de DST e Aids. Recomendações para Terapia Antirretroviral Em Crianças e Adolescentes Infectados Pelo HIV, , Brasil. Secretaria de Vigilância Em Saúde. Ministério da Saúde. Brasília: Ministério da SaúdeWiener, L.S., Zobel, M., Battles, H., Ryder, C., Transition from a pediatric HIV intramural clinical research program to adolescent and adult community-based care services: Assessing transition readiness (2007) Soc Work Health Care, 46, pp. 1-19Vijayan, T., Benin, A.L., Wagner, K., Romano, S., Andiman, W.A., We never thought this would happen: Transitioning care of adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV infection from pediatrics to internal medicine (2009) AIDS Care, 21, pp. 1222-1229Hosek, S.G., Harper, G.W., Robinson, W.L., Identity development in adolescents living with HIV (2002) Journal of Adolescence, 25 (4), pp. 355-364. , DOI 10.1006/jado.2002.0480Gilliam, P.P., Ellen, J.M., Leonard, L., Kinsman, S., Jevitt, C.M., Straub, D.M., Transition of Adolescents with HIV to Adult Care: Characteristics and Current Practices of the Adolescent Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions (2010) J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care, , Jun 9. Epub ahead of printSchidlow, D.V., Fiel, S.B., Life beyond pediatrics. Transition of chronically ill adolescents from pediatric to adult health care systems (1990) Med Clin North Am, 74, pp. 1113-1120Viner, R.M., Transition of care from paediatric to adult services: One part of improved health services for adolescents (2008) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 93 (2), pp. 160-163. , DOI 10.1136/adc.2006.103721Resnick, M.D., Bearman, P.S., Blum, R., Bauman, K.E., Harris, K.M., Jones, J., Protecting adolescents from harm. Findings from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health (1997) JAMA, 278, pp. 823-832(2009) AIDS Epidemic Update: November 2009, , http://www.unaids.org/en/KnowledgeCentre/HIVData/EpiUpdate/EpiUpdArchive/ 2009/default.asp, Geneva: UNAIDSAccess: 11/08/201