Experimental properties of Bose-Einstein condensates in 1D optical lattices: Bloch oscillations, Landau-Zener tunneling and mean-field effects

We report experimental results on the properties of Bose-Einstein condensates in 1D optical lattices. By accelerating the lattice, we observed Bloch oscillations of the condensate in the lowest band, as well as Landau-Zener (L-Z) tunneling into higher bands when the lattice depth was reduced and/or the acceleration of the lattice was increased. The dependence of the L-Z tunneling rate on the condensate density was then related to mean-field effects modifying the effective potential acting on the condensate, yielding good agreement with recent theoretical work. We also present several methods for measuring the lattice depth and discuss the effects of the micromotion in the TOP-trap on our experimental results.Comment: 11 pages, 14 figure

Boson gas in a periodic array of tubes

We report the thermodynamic properties of an ideal boson gas confined in an infinite periodic array of channels modeled by two, mutually perpendicular, Kronig-Penney delta-potentials. The particle's motion is hindered in the x-y directions, allowing tunneling of particles through the walls, while no confinement along the z direction is considered. It is shown that there exists a finite Bose- Einstein condensation (BEC) critical temperature Tc that decreases monotonically from the 3D ideal boson gas (IBG) value $T_{0}$ as the strength of confinement $P_{0}$ is increased while keeping the channel's cross section, $a_{x}a_{y}$ constant. In contrast, Tc is a non-monotonic function of the cross-section area for fixed $P_{0}$. In addition to the BEC cusp, the specific heat exhibits a set of maxima and minima. The minimum located at the highest temperature is a clear signal of the confinement effect which occurs when the boson wavelength is twice the cross-section side size. This confinement is amplified when the wall strength is increased until a dimensional crossover from 3D to 1D is produced. Some of these features in the specific heat obtained from this simple model can be related, qualitatively, to at least two different experimental situations: $^4$He adsorbed within the interstitial channels of a bundle of carbon nanotubes and superconductor-multistrand-wires Nb$_{3}$Sn.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures, submitte

Population Pharmacokinetics of Cobicistat and its Effect on the Pharmacokinetics of the Anticancer Drug Olaparib

Objectives: Pharmacokinetic (PK) boosting is the intentional use of strong inhibitors of metabolic enzymes or transporters to boost the systemic exposure of a therapeutic drug. PK boosting is expanding to therapeutic areas outside human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapy. Data on the PK of the booster cobicistat and its effect on CYP3A-substrates outside of HIV therapy are lacking. This study aimed to describe the PK of once- and twice-daily cobicistat regimens in healthy volunteers and patients with rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, or HIV infection and to investigate the interplay between cobicistat and the anticancer drug olaparib. Methods: Cobicistat levels from 683 samples from 66 subjects in four clinical trials were included in the analysis. For olaparib, 261 samples from 12 subjects from one trial were included. Population PK analysis was performed by nonlinear mixed-effects modelling. Results: Both cobicistat and olaparib PK were adequately described by a well-stirred liver model with one central compartment and Erlang type absorption. Cobicistat PK was similar across patient populations and dosing regimens. Cobicistat increased olaparib prehepatic bioavailability 1.65-fold (RSE 6%) and decreased intrinsic clearance 0.34-fold (RSE 6.5%). A correlation between olaparib PK and cobicistat exposure could not be identified. The interindividual variability in olaparib clearance was lower with cobicistat than without cobicistat. Conclusions: The developed pharmacokinetic models adequately described cobicistat and olaparib plasma concentrations. PK boosting with cobicistat at 150 mg twice daily led to an increase in olaparib bioavailability and decrease in clearance. This effect was not correlated with cobicistat exposure, which may reflect saturation of the boosting effect of cobicistat at this dose. Trial Registration Numbers (date of registration): NCT02565888 (30-09-2015), NCT00825929 (19-01-2009), Netherlands Trial Register NL7766 (18-12-2018), NCT05078671 (22-09-2021).</p

Measurement of the cross section for isolated-photon plus jet production in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV using the ATLAS detector

The dynamics of isolated-photon production in association with a jet in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV are studied with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using a dataset with an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb−1. Photons are required to have transverse energies above 125 GeV. Jets are identified using the anti- algorithm with radius parameter and required to have transverse momenta above 100 GeV. Measurements of isolated-photon plus jet cross sections are presented as functions of the leading-photon transverse energy, the leading-jet transverse momentum, the azimuthal angular separation between the photon and the jet, the photon–jet invariant mass and the scattering angle in the photon–jet centre-of-mass system. Tree-level plus parton-shower predictions from Sherpa and Pythia as well as next-to-leading-order QCD predictions from Jetphox and Sherpa are compared to the measurements

A search for resonances decaying into a Higgs boson and a new particle X in the XH → qqbb final state with the ATLAS detector

A search for heavy resonances decaying into a Higgs boson (H) and a new particle (X) is reported, utilizing 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data at collected during 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The particle X is assumed to decay to a pair of light quarks, and the fully hadronic final state is analysed. The search considers the regime of high XH resonance masses, where the X and H bosons are both highly Lorentz-boosted and are each reconstructed using a single jet with large radius parameter. A two-dimensional phase space of XH mass versus X mass is scanned for evidence of a signal, over a range of XH resonance mass values between 1 TeV and 4 TeV, and for X particles with masses from 50 GeV to 1000 GeV. All search results are consistent with the expectations for the background due to Standard Model processes, and 95% CL upper limits are set, as a function of XH and X masses, on the production cross-section of the resonance

Population Pharmacokinetics of Cobicistat and its Effect on the Pharmacokinetics of the Anticancer Drug Olaparib

Objectives: Pharmacokinetic (PK) boosting is the intentional use of strong inhibitors of metabolic enzymes or transporters to boost the systemic exposure of a therapeutic drug. PK boosting is expanding to therapeutic areas outside human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapy. Data on the PK of the booster cobicistat and its effect on CYP3A-substrates outside of HIV therapy are lacking. This study aimed to describe the PK of once- and twice-daily cobicistat regimens in healthy volunteers and patients with rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, or HIV infection and to investigate the interplay between cobicistat and the anticancer drug olaparib. Methods: Cobicistat levels from 683 samples from 66 subjects in four clinical trials were included in the analysis. For olaparib, 261 samples from 12 subjects from one trial were included. Population PK analysis was performed by nonlinear mixed-effects modelling. Results: Both cobicistat and olaparib PK were adequately described by a well-stirred liver model with one central compartment and Erlang type absorption. Cobicistat PK was similar across patient populations and dosing regimens. Cobicistat increased olaparib prehepatic bioavailability 1.65-fold (RSE 6%) and decreased intrinsic clearance 0.34-fold (RSE 6.5%). A correlation between olaparib PK and cobicistat exposure could not be identified. The interindividual variability in olaparib clearance was lower with cobicistat than without cobicistat. Conclusions: The developed pharmacokinetic models adequately described cobicistat and olaparib plasma concentrations. PK boosting with cobicistat at 150 mg twice daily led to an increase in olaparib bioavailability and decrease in clearance. This effect was not correlated with cobicistat exposure, which may reflect saturation of the boosting effect of cobicistat at this dose. Trial Registration Numbers (date of registration): NCT02565888 (30-09-2015), NCT00825929 (19-01-2009), Netherlands Trial Register NL7766 (18-12-2018), NCT05078671 (22-09-2021)

Desempenho de cabras em lactação alimentadas com dietas com diferentes níveis de fibra oriundas de forragem com maturidade avançada

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito de diferentes teores de fibra em detergente neutro oriunda da forragem com maturidade avançada sobre o consumo, a digestibilidade da matéria seca e de nutrientes, o balanço de nitrogênio, a produção de leite, a eficiência de utilização da energia metabolizável e o comportamento ingestivo de cabras em lactação. Foram distribuídas cinco cabras em delineamento em quadrado latino 5 × 5 utilizando-se teores crescentes de fibra em detergente neutro oriunda da forragem como variável independente. As concentrações de fibra em detergente neutro oriunda da foragem utilizadas foram 20, 28, 35, 43 e 49%. Os consumos de matéria seca, de nutrientes e de energia líquida reduziram com o aumento de fibra na ração. No entanto, o consumo de fibra em detergente foi crescente, indicando capacidade de acomodação desse componente nutritivo pelos animais. O teor de fibra influenciou os coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta e dos carboidratos não-fibrosos, contudo, a digestibilidade da fibra em detergente neutro não foi influenciada pelas dietas. O nível de fibra em detergente neutro oriunda da forragem não influenciou os constituintes do leite (gordura, proteína e lactose). O teor de fibra oriunda da forragem teve efeito quadrático sobre a produção de leite (corrigida e não corrigida para 4% de gordura), em kg/dia, com maiores produções obtidas com o teor de 28% de fibra. A eficiência de utilização da energia metabolizável não foi influenciada pelas variações nas dietas. O teor de fibra em detergente neutro oriunda da forragem influencia o comportamento ingestivo de cabras em lactação, aumentando os tempos de ruminação e mastigação e diminuindo o tempo em ócio dos animais.The objective of this study was to evaluate the different contents of neutral detergent fiber from forage at advanced maturity on intake, digestibility of the dry matter and of nutrients, nitrogen balance, milk production, efficiency metabolizable energy use and the ingestive behavior of lactating goats. Five dairy goats were distributed in 5 × 5 Latin square by using increasing contents of neutral detergent fiber from forage as independent variable. Concentrations of neutral detergent fiber from forage used were 20, 28, 35, 43 and 49%. The intakes of dry matter, of nutrients and of net energy were reduced with the increase of fiber to the ration. However the intake of neutral detergent fiber was increasing, indicating the capacity of accommodation of this nutrient by the animals. Fiber content influenced digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and non-fibrous carbohydrates but digestibility of neutral detergent fiber was not influenced by the diets. Level of neutral detergent fiber from forage did not influence milk constituents (fat, protein and lactose). Content of fiber from the forage had a quadratic effect on milk production (corrected and not corrected for 4% of fat) in kg.day-1, with greater productions obtained with the content of 28% of fiber. Efficiency of use of the metabolizable energy was not influenced by the variations of the diets. Content of neutral detergent fiber from forage influences ingestive behavior of goats in lactation, increasing the time of rumination and chewing and reducing iddle time of the animals

Matter rogue wave in Bose-Einstein condensates with attractive atomic interaction

We investigate the matter rogue wave in Bose-Einstein Condensates with attractive interatomic interaction analytically and numerically. Our results show that the formation of rogue wave is mainly due to the accumulation of energy and atoms toward to its central part; Rogue wave is unstable and the decay rate of the atomic number can be effectively controlled by modulating the trapping frequency of external potential. The numerical simulation demonstrate that even a small periodic perturbation with small modulation frequency can induce the generation of a near-ideal matter rogue wave. We also give an experimental protocol to observe this phenomenon in Bose-Einstein Condensates