Conflict, Human Displacement, and Integration: Exploring the Vulnerability of Refugees

International and regional conflicts have been the most significant source of forced displacement and mass migration for decades. In a globalized world, human displacement reached its highest numbers and conflict became the number one reason for people to leave their home countries. This chapter analyzes the relationship between conflict and human displacement in a globalized context and demonstrates different stages of displacement. Each stage is connected with relevant levels of analysis (international, state, society, and individual) and the chapter argues that refugees become subjects of different risks at international, state, and societal levels during and after the displacement process. At each level, the nature of vulnerability changes and refugees are mostly affected by several external conditions, of which they have very limited control. By looking at the human (forced) displacement as a phenomenon from global to regional than local will help us to understand how the displacement process itself increases the vulnerability of displaced groups and individuals

Chapter 3 -- TAM + ARCS = SNT framework for higher education

Click on the DOI link to access the article (may not be free).This chapter studies the challenge and issue of developing a sound social networking technology (SNT) framework to affect positive student engagement and consequently effective learning. The author aims to enable educational administrators, faculty, and curriculum designers to incorporate and seamlessly integrate SNT in curricula to foster effective and efficient learning. The chapter bases itself on the premise that higher educational institutions failing to develop and integrate social educational technology in their educational systems and policies will face major maintenance and existence issues. Contemporary dynamic technology, diverse learner populations coupled with different types of learning environments, and learning connotations necessitate the need for a robust SNT framework. The author researches the task technology fit (TTF) framework, discusses theories of TAM and ARCS, describes SNT of Twitter and Facebook, and uses a qualitative case study to develop and craft a SNT framework for higher education