Electrocardiographic evaluation in quarter horse foals of different ages

Foram avaliados eletrocardiograficamente 20 potros clinicamente sadios da raça Quarto de Milha, machos e fêmeas, com idade variando de 5 a 13 meses. Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos de acordo com a idade, sendo o grupo I (GI) composto por animais de com seis meses de idade, o grupo II (GII) por animais com sete meses, o grupo III (GIII) por animais com oito meses e o grupo IV (GIV) por animais com doze meses. O ritmo encontrado em 100% dos potros foi o sinusal. Entretanto. a frequência cardíaca, assim como a amplitude de QRS, Qt e QTc apresentaram uma tendência semelhante de variação com a idade, ou seja aumentando do grupo GI para GII e a partir daí uma redução até o GIV. Nos grupos GI, GII e GIII foi observado onda T única = 1,14 mV; onda P única= 0,38 mV; e outra T única= 0,83 mV respectivamente. Pode-se observar que os resultados demonstraram variação discreta entre os grupos avaliados. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT20 clinically healthy of Quarter Horses foals, males and females, with ages between 5 and 13 months were electrocardiographically evaluated. The animals were divided in four groups according to their age: the group I (GI) comprised animals with six months, the group II (GII) was constituted of animals with seven months. Group III (GIII) and group IV (GIV) contained animals with eight months and twelve months, respectively. The rhythm found in 100% of foals was sinus. However, the heart frequency, as well as the amplitude of QRS, Qt and QTc, increased from group GI to GII. From this point, all these parameters decreased until to GIV. In the groups GI, GII and GIII were observed only one wave T = 1.14 mV, an unique wave P= 0.38 mV and another unique wave T = 0.83 mV, respectively. It was observed that the Results showed a slight variation among the groups

The US stock market leads the Federal funds rate and Treasury bond yields

Using a recently introduced method to quantify the time varying lead-lag dependencies between pairs of economic time series (the thermal optimal path method), we test two fundamental tenets of the theory of fixed income: (i) the stock market variations and the yield changes should be anti-correlated; (ii) the change in central bank rates, as a proxy of the monetary policy of the central bank, should be a predictor of the future stock market direction. Using both monthly and weekly data, we found very similar lead-lag dependence between the S&P500 stock market index and the yields of bonds inside two groups: bond yields of short-term maturities (Federal funds rate (FFR), 3M, 6M, 1Y, 2Y, and 3Y) and bond yields of long-term maturities (5Y, 7Y, 10Y, and 20Y). In all cases, we observe the opposite of (i) and (ii). First, the stock market and yields move in the same direction. Second, the stock market leads the yields, including and especially the FFR. Moreover, we find that the short-term yields in the first group lead the long-term yields in the second group before the financial crisis that started mid-2007 and the inverse relationship holds afterwards. These results suggest that the Federal Reserve is increasingly mindful of the stock market behavior, seen at key to the recovery and health of the economy. Long-term investors seem also to have been more reactive and mindful of the signals provided by the financial stock markets than the Federal Reserve itself after the start of the financial crisis. The lead of the S&P500 stock market index over the bond yields of all maturities is confirmed by the traditional lagged cross-correlation analysis.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, 1 tabl

The HI content of the Eridanus group of galaxies

The HI content of galaxies in the Eridanus group is studied using the GMRT observations and the HIPASS data. A significant HI deficiency up to a factor of 2-3 is observed in galaxies in the high galaxy density regions. The HI deficiency in galaxies is observed to be directly correlated with the local projected galaxy density, and inversely correlated with the line-of-sight radial velocity. Furthermore, galaxies with larger optical diameters are predominantly in the lower galaxy density regions. It is suggested that the HI deficiency in Eridanus is due to tidal interactions. In some galaxies, evidences of tidal interactions are seen. An important implication is that significant evolution of galaxies can take place in the group environment. In the hierarchical way of formation of clusters via mergers of groups, a fraction of the observed HI deficiency in clusters could have originated in groups. The co-existence of S0's and severely HI deficient galaxies in the Eridanus group suggests that galaxy harassment is likely to be an effective mechanism for transforming spirals to S0's.Comment: 21 pages; Accepted for publication in Journal of Astroph. & Astron. March, 200

Internal kinematics of spiral galaxies in distant clusters IV. Gas kinematics of spiral galaxies in intermediate redshift clusters and in the field

(Abridged) We trace the interaction processes of galaxies at intermediate redshift by measuring the irregularity of their ionized gas kinematics, and investigate these irregularities as a function of the environment (cluster versus field) and of morphological type (spiral versus irregular). Our sample consists of 92 distant galaxies. 16 cluster (z~0.3 and z~0.5) and 29 field galaxies (mean z=0.44) of these have velocity fields with sufficient signal to be analyzed. We find that the fraction of galaxies that have irregular gas kinematics is remarkably similar in galaxy clusters and in the field at intermediate redshifts. The distribution of the field and cluster galaxies in (ir)regularity parameters space is also similar. On the other hand galaxies with small central concentration of light, that we see in the field sample, are absent in the cluster sample. We find that field galaxies at intermediate redshifts have more irregular velocity fields as well as more clumpy and less centrally concentrated light distributions than their local counterparts. Comparison with a SINS sample of 11 z ~ 2 galaxies shows that these distant galaxies have more irregular gas kinematics than our intermediate redshift cluster and field sample. We do not find a dependence of the irregularities in gas kinematics on morphological type. We find that two different indicators of star formation correlate with irregularity in the gas kinematics. More irregular gas kinematics, also more clumpy and less centrally concentrated light distributions of spiral field galaxies at intermediate redshifts in comparison to their local counterparts indicate that these galaxies are probably still in the process of building their disks via mechanisms such as accretion and mergers. On the other hand, they have less irregular gas kinematics compared to galaxies at z ~ 2.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, high resolution version available at http://www.astro.rug.nl/~kutdemir/13262/13262_hr.p

Physiological demands and changes resulting from effort in low handicap polo horses

In order to understand the physiological demands and possible changes resulting from effort in horses and determine the type and intensity of exercise performed in equestrian polo of low handicap, we analyzed the negative logarithm of the activity of hydrogen ions (pH), carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2), oxygen partial pressure (pO2), the concentration of plasma bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) and serum concentrations of Na+, Cl- and K+ of seven healthy horses after a polo match of low handicap. Variables pCO2, pO2 and HCO3- were the only parameters that were significantly different before and after the match, and there were no significant hydroelectrolytic changes. It was possible to classify the low handicap polo as an exercise of short duration and varying intensity, considering the lack of change in the hydroelectrolytic balance. The exercise to which the animals were subjected is compatible with their athletic fitness

Establishment of echocardiographic index of polo ponies

O treinamento atlético permite uma adaptação morfológica e funcional do coração de cavalos submetidos a diferentes tipos de exercício, portanto já foram publicados estudos sobre mensurações ecocardiográficas de cavalos de corrida, cavalos de enduro, cavalos de laço e tambor, cavalos de caça, entre outros, de outra forma, os índices ecocardiográficos de referencia para cavalos de polo não foram relatados na literatura. Sendo assim, foram realizadas mensurações ecocardiográficas em modo-M e 2D de 20 cavalos de polo em treinamento, estando eles divididos em três grupos de faixa etária, ou seja: Grupo I que consistiu de oito animais com idades entre cinco e dez anos, Grupo II com sete animais com idades entre 11 e 15 anos, e o Grupo III com cinco animais com idades entre 16 e 22 anos. Os resultados do nosso estudo demonstraram que não houve diferença estatística entre os diferentes grupos de faixa etária, não foi observado ainda um padrão para os valores de correlações com o peso, sendo eles de fraco a forte, positivo ou negativo.The athletic training allows for morphologic and functional heart of horses undergoing different types of exercise, so studies have been published on the echocardiographic measurements of race horses, endurance horses and barrel horses, hunting horse, among others, otherwise, the echocardiographic indices of reference for polo ponies were not reported. Thus, echocardiographic measurements were performed in M-mode and 2D 20 polo horses in training, when they were divided into three age groups, namely: Group I consisted of eight animals aged between five and ten years, Group II with seven animals aged between 11 and 15 years, and Group III with five animals aged 16 to 22 years. The results of our study showed no statistical difference among different age groups, there was no standard yet for the values of correlations with weight, they are weak to strong, positive or negativ

Compilation of parameterized seismogenic sources in Iberia for the SHARE European-scale seismic source model.

Abstract: SHARE (Seismic Hazard Harmonization in Europe) is an EC-funded project (FP7) that aims to evaluate European seismic hazards using an integrated, standardized approach. In the context of SHARE, we are compiling a fully-parameterized active fault database for Iberia and the nearby offshore region. The principal goal of this initiative is for fault sources in the Iberian region to be represented in SHARE and incorporated into the source model that will be used to produce seismic hazard maps at the European scale. The SHARE project relies heavily on input from many regional experts throughout the Euro-Mediterranean region. At the SHARE regional meeting for Iberia, the 2010 Working Group on Iberian Seismogenic Sources (WGISS) was established; these researchers are contributing to this large effort by providing their data to the Iberian regional integrators in a standardized format. The development of the SHARE Iberian active fault database is occurring in parallel with IBERFAULT, another ongoing effort to compile a database of active faults in the Iberian region. The SHARE Iberian active fault database synthesizes a wide range of geological and geophysical observations on active seismogenic sources, and incorporates existing compilations (e.g., Cabral, 1995; Silva et al., 2008), original data contributed directly from researchers, data compiled from the literature, parameters estimated using empirical and analytical relationships, and, where necessary, parameters derived using expert judgment. The Iberian seismogenic source model derived for SHARE will be the first regional-scale source model for Iberia that includes fault data and follows an internationally standardized approach (Basili et al., 2008; 2009). This model can be used in both seismic hazard and risk analyses and will be appropriate for use in Iberian- and European-scale assessments

GMRT HI observations of the Eridanus group of galaxies

The GMRT HI 21cm-line observations of galaxies in the Eridanus group are presented. The Eridanus group, at a distance of ~23 Mpc, is a loose group of \~200 galaxies. The group extends more than 10 Mpc in projection. The velocity dispersion of the galaxies in the group is ~240 km/s. The galaxies are clustered into different sub-groups. The overall population mix of the group is 30% (E+S0) and 70% (Sp+Irr). The observations of 57 Eridanus galaxies were carried out with the GMRT for ~200 hour. HI emission was detected from 31 galaxies. The channel rms of ~1.0 mJy beam^{-1} was achieved for most of the image-cubes made with 4 hour of data. The corresponding HI column density sensitivity (3-sigma) is ~1x10^{20} cm^{-2} for a velocity-width of ~13.4 km/s. The 3-sigma detection limit of HI mass is ~1.2x10^{7} M_sun for a line-width of 50 km/s. Total HI images, HI velocity fields, global HI line profiles, HI mass surface densities, HI disk parameters and HI rotation curves are presented. The velocity fields are analysed separately for the approaching and the receding sides of the galaxies. This data will be used to study the HI and the radio continuum properties, the Tully-Fisher relations, the dark matter halos, and the kinematical and HI lopsidedness in galaxies.Comment: 75 pages including HI atlas; Accepted for publication in Journal of Astroph. & Astron. March, 200

Measurement of an excess in the yield of J/ψ\psi at very low pTp_{\rm T} in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76 TeV

We report on the first measurement of an excess in the yield of J/$\psi$ at very low transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}< 0.3$ GeV/$c$) in peripheral hadronic Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV, performed by ALICE at the CERN LHC. Remarkably, the measured nuclear modification factor of J/$\psi$ in the rapidity range $2.5<y<4$ reaches about 7 (2) in the $p_{\rm T}$ range 0-0.3 GeV/$c$ in the 70-90% (50-70%) centrality class. The J/$\psi$ production cross section associated with the observed excess is obtained under the hypothesis that coherent photoproduction of J/$\psi$ is the underlying physics mechanism. If confirmed, the observation of J/$\psi$ coherent photoproduction in Pb-Pb collisions at impact parameters smaller than twice the nuclear radius opens new theoretical and experimental challenges and opportunities. In particular, coherent photoproduction accompanying hadronic collisions may provide insight into the dynamics of photoproduction and nuclear reactions, as well as become a novel probe of the Quark-Gluon Plasma.Comment: 18 pages, 3 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 13, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/191