Crises fiscais e construção do Estado: Brasil, Chile e México

VII Seminário de Extensão Universitária da UNILA (SEUNI); VIII Encontro de Iniciação Científica e IV Encontro de Iniciação em Desenvolvimento Tecnológico e Inovação (EICTI 2019) e Seminário de Atividades Formativas da UNILA (SAFOR)Apesar de certa unidade cultural e linguística, o espaço latino-americano é marcado por heterogeneidades consideráveis; dentre elas, a questão fiscal. Este trabalho tem como objetivo entender as causas das diferentes cargas tributárias dos países latino-americanos. Utiliza-se como base a literatura de sociologia histórica do Estado. Charles Tilly e Miguel A Centeno examinam o papel de crises fiscais produzidas pela guerra para explicar diferenças entre os Estados europeus e latino-americanos. Concluem que os países do subcontinente são fracos fiscalmente pois suas crises fiscais foram produzidas por uma forma de guerra distinta da que ocorreu na Europa. Uma vez que alguns estados latino-americanos se tornaram relativamente fortes fiscalmente ao longo do século XX, este trabalho busca testar a hipótese de que outras formas de crises fiscais podem estar associadas ao crescimento da arrecadação. Foram organizadas séries históricas das finanças públicas do Brasil, Chile e México, as quais foram analisadas para identificar crises fiscais associadas a contextos de crescimento da arrecadação como proporção do PIB. Como resultado, identificaram-se duas formas de crise associadas ao fortalecimento fiscal: crises no comércio internacional e esforço de industrialização. Reconhece-se que o efeito das crises é mediado por elementos tais como a forma da pauta de exportação, a receita de recursos naturais e o perfil sócio-político do país, desenhando uma agenda de pesquisas futurasAgradeço à UNILA pelo financiamento da minha bolsa de iniciação científica, e ao meu orientador, por me conferir a oportunidade de participar desta pesquis

Implementação em SDR de Técnicas de Sincronismo de Símbolo em Sistemas de Telecomunicações

Symbol synchronization is a fundamental step in most digital communication systems. This work considers the implementation of symbol synchronization algorithms using the GNU Radio softwaredefined radio (SDR) platform

Design concepts for the Cherenkov Telescope Array CTA: an advanced facility for ground-based high-energy gamma-ray astronomy

Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has had a major breakthrough with the impressive results obtained using systems of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has a huge potential in astrophysics, particle physics and cosmology. CTA is an international initiative to build the next generation instrument, with a factor of 5-10 improvement in sensitivity in the 100 GeV-10 TeV range and the extension to energies well below 100 GeV and above 100 TeV. CTA will consist of two arrays (one in the north, one in the south) for full sky coverage and will be operated as open observatory. The design of CTA is based on currently available technology. This document reports on the status and presents the major design concepts of CTA

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Indicadores de estresse e sobrecarga em cuidadores formais e informais de pacientes oncológicos

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar a presença de indicadores de estresse, os níveis de estresse e sobrecarga junto a cuidadores formais e informais de pacientes oncológicos. Participaram da pesquisa 33 cuidadores de pacientes com câncer no total, sendo 17 informais e 16 formais. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se: 1) Roteiro para caracterização dos participantes; 2) O Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse de Lipp - ISSL e 3) Protocolo Zarit Burden Interview – ZBT. Os resultados revelaram que 43% dos cuidadores informais encontravam-se na fase de resistência, 29% na fase de exaustão, 14% na fase de quase exaustão e 14% na fase de alerta. Os cuidadores formais 25% encontram-se na fase de exaustão e 75% na fase de resistência.  A sobrecarga também apresentou-se em maior escala em cuidadores informais do que formais, sendo 47% para 18,7% repectivamente. Contudo, os resultados não revelaram diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos para incidência de estresse, mas indicou diferença em relação à sobrecarga apontando que em cuidadores profissionais a incidência é menor. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de implantar programas de suporte para cuidadores informais e formais, desenvolver estratégias de enfrentamento, manejo com as situações de sobrecarga e estresse, objetivando melhor qualidade de vida para o cuidador e, consequentemente, para o paciente que está recebendo os cuidados

Síndrome de Burnout em discentes de cursos de Ciências Contábeis de uma universidade pública

This study aims to analyze the relationship and differences between the subdimensions of the Burnout syndrome (exhaustion, cynicism and personal fulfillment) with sociodemographic variables (gender, age, income and financial problem) and variables of academic experience (campus, period enrolled, in the CBT phase) in students of two undergraduate courses in Accounting. The research was conducted with the academics of the Accounting Sciences course in a multicampus university in the south of the country. Correlation analyses and mean difference test (Kruskal-Wallis mean ranks) were used to verify, respectively, possible relationships and mean differences between Burnout and its subdimensions. As main results, it was found that two variables correlated with Burnout: income and CBT. Investigating this relationship by subdimensions of Burnout, we have that CBT and financial problems are related to the subdimension "exhaustion"; period enrolled with "cynicism"; campuses and enrollment related to "personal fulfillment." When ascertaining the location of the differences, the following stand out: in "exhaustion": gender, financial problems and CBT. "Cynicism": Differences increase as the course progresses and decrease "personal fulfillment," varying by campus. The findings allowed the identification of relationships and differences, in addition to indicating future investigations on factors generating the syndrome in the delimited courses.Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a relação e as diferenças entre as subdimensões da síndrome de Burnout (exaustão, cinismo e realização pessoal) com variáveis sociodemográficas (gênero, idade, renda e problema financeiro) e variáveis de vivência acadêmica (campus, período matriculado, em fase de TCC) em estudantes de dois cursos de graduação em Ciências Contábeis. A pesquisa foi realizada com os acadêmicos do curso de Ciências Contábeis em uma universidade multicampi do sul do país. Foram empregadas análises de correlação e teste de diferença de média (postos médios Kruskal-Wallis) para verificar, respectivamente, possíveis relações e diferenças de média entre Burnout e suas subdimensões. Como principais resultados, apurou-se que duas variáveis se correlacionaram com Burnout: renda e TCC. Averiguando esta relação por subdimensões de Burnout, tem-se que TCC e problemas financeiros se relacionam a subdimensão “exaustão”; período matriculado com a “cinismo”; campi e período matriculado se relacionaram com “realização pessoal”. Ao averiguar a localização das diferenças, destacam-se: em “exaustão”: gênero, problemas financeiros e TCC. “Cinismo”: aumentam as diferenças conforme o curso avança e diminui a “realização pessoal”, variando conforme o campus. Os achados permitiram identificar as relações e diferenças, além de indicar futuras investigações sobre fatores geradores da síndrome nos cursos delimitados

Treatment Algorithm in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy - From Protocols to the Real World

Diabetes mellitus is a global epidemic that leads to multiple macrovascular and microvascular complications. The complex interrelated pathophysiological mechanisms triggered by hyperglycemia underlie the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is a microvascular complication, considered the main cause of irreversible blindness in patients of productive age in the world. On the other hand, diabetic macular edema (DME) remains the clinical feature most closely associated with vision loss. In general, both manifestations are due to an increase in inflammatory factors, such as specific pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, interleukins and angiogenic substances including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Laser photocoagulation and VEGF inhibitors have been shown to be effective in the treatment of PDR and DME. Currently, randomized protocols suggest that VEGF inhibitors therapy could displace laser photocoagulation in the treatment of PDR with and without the presence of DME. The ongoing discussion still prevails about the different treatment modalities for both retinal manifestations in real-world settings

A multidisciplinary systematic review of the use of diagrams as a means of collecting data from research subjects: application, benefits and recommendations

BACKGROUND: In research, diagrams are most commonly used in the analysis of data and visual presentation of results. However there has been a substantial growth in the use of diagrams in earlier stages of the research process to collect data. Despite this growth, guidance on this technique is often isolated within disciplines. METHODS: A multidisciplinary systematic review was performed, which included 13 traditional healthcare and non-health-focused indexes, non-indexed searches and contacting experts in the field. English-language articles that used diagrams as a data collection tool and reflected on the process were included in the review, with no restriction on publication date. RESULTS: The search identified 2690 documents, of which 80 were included in the final analysis. The choice to use diagrams for data collection is often determined by requirements of the research topic, such as the need to understand research subjects' knowledge or cognitive structure, to overcome cultural and linguistic differences, or to understand highly complex subject matter. How diagrams were used for data collection varied by the degrees of instruction for, and freedom in, diagram creation, the number of diagrams created or edited and the use of diagrams in conjunction with other data collection methods. Depending on how data collection is structured, a variety of options for qualitative and quantitative analysis are available to the researcher. The review identified a number of benefits to using diagrams in data collection, including the ease with which the method can be adapted to complement other data collection methods and its ability to focus discussion. However it is clear that the benefits and challenges of diagramming depend on the nature of its application and the type of diagrams used. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: The results of this multidisciplinary systematic review examine the application of diagrams in data collection and the methods for analyzing the unique datasets elicited. Three recommendations are presented. Firstly, the diagrammatic approach should be chosen based on the type of data needed. Secondly, appropriate instructions will depend on the approach chosen. And thirdly, the final results should present examples of original or recreated diagrams. This review also highlighted the need for a standardized terminology of the method and a supporting theoretical framework

A Deeper Look at DES Dwarf Galaxy Candidates: Grus I and Indus II

We present deep g- and r-band Magellan/Megacam photometry of two dwarf galaxy candidates discovered in the Dark Energy Survey (DES), Grus I and Indus II (DES J2038-4609). For the case of Grus I, we resolved the main sequence turn-off (MSTO) and similar to 2 mags below it. The MSTO can be seen at g(0) similar to 24 with a photometric uncertainty of 0.03 mag. We show Grus I to be consistent with an old, metal-poor (similar to 13.3 Gyr, [Fe/H] similar to -1.9) dwarf galaxy. We derive updated distance and structural parameters for Grus I using this deep, uniform, wide-field data set. We find an azimuthally-averaged halflight radius more than two times larger (similar to 151(-31)(+21) pc; similar to 4'. 16(-0.74)(+0.54)) and an absolute V-band magnitude similar to-4.1 that is similar to 1 magnitude brighter than previous studies. We obtain updated distance, ellipticity, and centroid parameters that are in agreement with other studies within uncertainties. Although our photometry of Indus II is similar to 2-3 magnitudes deeper than the DES Y1 public release, we find no coherent stellar population at its reported location. The original detection was located in an incomplete region of sky in the DES Y2Q1 data set and was flagged due to potential blue horizontal branch member stars. The best-fit isochrone parameters are physically inconsistent with both dwarf galaxies and globular clusters. We conclude that Indus II is likely a false positive, flagged due to a chance alignment of stars along the line of sight

Uso de malhas pigmentadas e mulching em túneis para cultivo de rúcula: efeito no ambiente e nas plantas modelo

O uso de malhas pigmentadas em cultivos de hortaliças folhosas permite a melhor adequação do ambiente às plantas, com destaque para a rúcula. Essa hortaliça vem conquistando maior espaço no mercado consumidor brasileiro desde o final da década de 90. Essa pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar as condições ambientais proporcionadas pelo uso de telas pigmentadas na cobertura de túneis de cultivo, relacionando com as respostas agronômicas da rúcula, cultivada dentro desses túneis sobre diferentes coberturas de solo. As coberturas de túneis foram: a Chromatinet® azul, Chromatinet® vermelha, tela aluminizada prata, Sombrite® 50% e filme plástico transparente de polietileno de baixa densidade de 100µ. As coberturas de solo, também denominadas mulchings, dentro dos túneis foram: o filme plástico de polietileno de cor preta; de polietileno de dupla-face nas cores preta e branca, com a face branca voltada para cima; casca de arroz e a ausência de mulching. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com 24 tratamentos e três repetições. Nas condições do experimento, o emprego de algumas coberturas de túnel e de solo modificou o ambiente e melhorou as respostas agronômicas das plantas de rúcula.The use of pigmented screens for growing vegetable crops provides an opportunity for adjusting environmental conditions, especially for roquette. This vegetable crop is consumed mainly as raw, and has a large proportion in Brazilian vegetable market since 1990s. The present research was aimed to evaluate the effect the altered environmental conditions (by using pigmented screens tunnels) on agronomic performance of roquette, grown inside tunnels having different color covers. Coverage screens colors were blue, red, silver, screen of shading 50% and transparent plastic. Beside this the effect of different mulching practices was also evaluated inside the tunnels. The experiment was laid out under randomized complete blocks design with 24 treatments and three replications. The results of the experiment under such conditions changed environmental and soil conditions and resulted in improved agronomic response by roquette plants.Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)(EPAGRI) Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa CatarinaUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP