Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-Nutritional Epidemiology (STROBE-nut): An Extension of the STROBE Statement.

Concerns have been raised about the quality of reporting in nutritional epidemiology. Research reporting guidelines such as the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement can improve quality of reporting in observational studies. Herein, we propose recommendations for reporting nutritional epidemiology and dietary assessment research by extending the STROBE statement into Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-Nutritional Epidemiology (STROBE-nut).Recommendations for the reporting of nutritional epidemiology and dietary assessment research were developed following a systematic and consultative process, coordinated by a multidisciplinary group of 21 experts. Consensus on reporting guidelines was reached through a three-round Delphi consultation process with 53 external experts. In total, 24 recommendations for nutritional epidemiology were added to the STROBE checklist.When used appropriately, reporting guidelines for nutritional epidemiology can contribute to improve reporting of observational studies with a focus on diet and health

Do laser terrestre ao uso de imagens radar: pesquisas e aplicações na área florestal

Prefáci

Unraveling the Dynamics of Estrogen and Progesterone Signaling in the Endometrium: An Overview

peer reviewedThe endometrium is crucial for the perpetuation of human species. It is a complex and dynamic tissue lining the inner wall of the uterus, regulated throughout a woman's life based on estrogen and progesterone fluctuations. During each menstrual cycle, this multicellular tissue undergoes cyclical changes, including regeneration, differentiation in order to allow egg implantation and embryo development, or shedding of the functional layer in the absence of pregnancy. The biology of the endometrium relies on paracrine interactions between epithelial and stromal cells involving complex signaling pathways that are modulated by the variations of estrogen and progesterone levels across the menstrual cycle. Understanding the complexity of estrogen and progesterone receptor signaling will help elucidate the mechanisms underlying normal reproductive physiology and provide fundamental knowledge contributing to a better understanding of the consequences of hormonal imbalances on gynecological conditions and tumorigenesis. In this narrative review, we delve into the physiology of the endometrium, encompassing the complex signaling pathways of estrogen and progesterone

The role of Xist-mediated Polycomb recruitment in the initiation of X-chromosome inactivation.

Xist RNA has been established as the master regulator of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in female eutherian mammals, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. By creating novel Xist-inducible mutants at the endogenous locus in male mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, we dissect the role of the conserved A-B-C-F repeats in the initiation of XCI. We find that transcriptional silencing can be largely uncoupled from Polycomb repressive complex 1 and complex 2 (PRC1/2) recruitment, which requires B and C repeats. Xist ΔB+C RNA specifically loses interaction with PCGF3/5 subunits of PRC1, while binding of other Xist partners is largely unaffected. However, a slight relaxation of transcriptional silencing in Xist ΔB+C indicates a role for PRC1/2 proteins in early stabilization of gene repression. Distinct modules within the Xist RNA are therefore involved in the convergence of independent chromatin modification and gene repression pathways. In this context, Polycomb recruitment seems to be of moderate relevance in the initiation of silencing

Processo de enfermagem em unidade de terapia intensiva

Inclui apêndicesOrientadora: Marineli Joaquim MeierDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem. Defesa: Curitiba, 26/11/2008Inclui bibliografiaÁrea de concentração: Prática profissional em enfermage

MODELAGEM UNI E BIVARIADA DA VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL DE RENDIMENTO DE Pinus taeda L.

The objective of this study was to assess spatial variability of Pinus taeda L. growth due to soil clay contents a function of the soil obtained from a detailed mapping, in the scale 1:10.000, in an area located in the municipality of Rio Negrinho, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Data on forestry growth was collected from plots of continuous forest inventory, obtained from a population growing on an area of 2.252,11 ha. Soil properties and Pinus taeda crop yields were analyzed through geoestatistical methods using semivariograms and interpolation by kriging and cokriging in order to obtain maps describing the attribute of main interest over the study region. Semivariograms were used to evaluated the spatial structure of the dendrometric property annual average increment (IMA) which is of primary interest and has shown stronger correlation with soil attributes. The comparison of the maps obtained by the uni and bivariate models suggests the latter provides a more detailed description of the main variable over the area, being the resolution dependent on the availability of data obtained geographically for the study.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade espacial de rendimento de Pinus taeda L. em função de teores de argila do solo obtidos de um mapeamento detalhado de solos, na escala 1:10.000, em uma área localizada no município de Rio Negrinho, estado de Santa Catarina. Os dados dendrométricos para a realização deste estudo, coletados em parcelas de inventário florestal contínuo, foram obtidos de um povoamento com área de 2.252,11 ha. Propriedades do solo e rendimentos de Pinus taeda foram analisados através de métodos geoestatísticos, usando-se semivariogramas, modelos espaciais uni e bivariados e interpolação espacial por krigagem e cokrigagem para construção de mapas que descrevam o rendimento na região. Pelos semivariogramas, avaliou-se a estrutura de continuidade espacial do incremento médio anual volumétrico (IMA), pelo interesse prático nessa variável e também por ter sido a que melhor se correlacionou com os dados de solos. A comparação dos dois mapas obtidos de IMA obtidos pela modelagem uni e bivariada sugere que a última proporciona uma descrição mais detalhada do atributo de interesse na área, sendo o detalhamento da variabilidade espacial dependente do maior ou menor número de dados obtidos geograficamente para o estudo

M1-derived extracellular vesicles polarize recipient macrophages into M2-like macrophages and alter skeletal muscle homeostasis in a hyper-glucose environment

Background Macrophages release not only cytokines but also extracellular vesicles (EVs). which are small membrane-derived nanovesicles with virus-like properties transferring cellular material between cells. Until now, the consequences of macrophage plasticity on the release and the composition of EVs have been poorly explored. In this study, we determined the impact of high-glucose (HG) concentrations on macrophage metabolism, and characterized their derived-EV subpopulations. Finally, we determined whether HG-treated macrophage-derived EVs participate in immune responses and in metabolic alterations of skeletal muscle cells.Methods THP1-macrophages were treated with 15mM (MG15) or 30mM (MG30) glucose. Then, M1/M2 canonical markers, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, activities of proteins involved in glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation were evaluated. Macrophage-derived EVs were characterized by TEM, NTA, MRSP, and 1H-Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for lipid composition. Macrophages or C2C12 muscle cells were used as recipients of MG15 and MG30-derived EVs. The lipid profiles of recipient cells were determined, as well as proteins and mRNA levels of relevant genes for macrophage polarization or muscle metabolism.Results Untreated macrophages released small and large EVs (sEVs, lEVs) with different lipid distributions. Proportionally to the glucose concentration, glycolysis was induced in macrophages, associated to mitochondrial dysfunction, triacylglycerol and cholesterol accumulation. In addition, MG15 and MG30 macrophages had increased level of CD86 and increase release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. HG also affected macrophage sphingolipid and phospholipid compositions. The differences in the lipid profiles between sEVs and lEVs were abolished and reflected the lipid alterations in MG15 and MG30 macrophages. Interestingly, MG15 and MG30 macrophages EVs induced the expression of CD163, Il-10 and increased the contents of triacylglycerol and cholesterol in recipient macrophages. MG15 lEVs and sEVs induced insulin-induced AKT hyper-phosphorylation and accumulation of triacylglycerol in myotubes, a state observed in pre-diabetes. Conversely, MG30 lEVs and sEVs induced insulin-resistance in myotubes.Conclusions As inflammation involves first M1 macrophages, then the activation of M2 macrophages to resolve inflammation, this study demonstrates that the dialog between macrophages through the EV route is an intrinsic part of the inflammatory response. In a hyperglycemic context, EV macrophages could participate in the development of muscle insulin-resistance and chronic inflammation

VOZ QUE CALA, CORPO QUE FALA: UMA DISCUSSÃO SOBRE TRABALHO E SAÚDE DE PROFESSORES DE ESCOLAS MUNICIPAIS

O artigo retrata as condições de trabalho e saúde deprofessores de escolas públicas de um município do Estado do Rio deJaneiro-Brasil. A pesquisa realizada durante os anos de 2006 e 2007teve como proposta traçar um perfil dos docentes e das atividades quevivenciavam, analisando a relação existente entre a ocupaçãoexercida e a saúde. Tais análises encontram sustentação no campo dasaúde do trabalhador e a metodologia utilizada foi a quantiqualitativa,recorrendo-se, sobretudo à entrevistas com utilização deformulários, atingindo-se, em torno de, 20% dos docentes da áreaselecionada. No decorrer da pesquisa foi possível reconhecer que háuma estreita relação entre o trabalho e a saúde dos professores,salientando-se, de um lado, vários limites referentes às condiçõesdeste trabalho e, de outro, as dificuldades para o devido atendimentono âmbito dos problemas identificados. O destaque encontradoapontou para os campos neurológico e psicossomático, cabendoconsiderar possíveis ações a serem implementadas para oenfrentamento de tal quadro, extrapolando o âmbito individual eatingindo o cenário das políticas públicas, entrelaçando saúde,educação e assistência social.• PALAVRAS CHAVE: trabalho docente. saúde. escola pública

Comparison of Estetrol Exposure between Women and Mice to Model Preclinical Experiments and Anticipate Human Treatment.

peer reviewedEstetrol (E4) is a natural estrogen with promising therapeutic applications in humans. The European Medicines Agency and the Food and Drug Administration have approved the use of 15 mg E4/3 mg drospirenone for contraceptive indication. Phase III clinical trials with 15-20 mg E4 for the relief of climacteric complaints are currently running. Relevant data from preclinical animal models are needed to characterize the molecular mechanisms and the pharmacological effects of E4 and possibly to reveal new therapeutic applications and to anticipate potential adverse effects. Therefore, it is important to design experimental procedures in rodents that closely mimic or anticipate human E4 exposure. In this study, we compared the effects of E4 exposure after acute or chronic administration in women and mice. Women who received chronic E4 treatment per os at a dose of 15 mg once daily reached a steady state within 6 to 8 days, with a mean plasma concentration of 3.20 ng/mL. Importantly, with subcutaneous, intraperitoneal or oral administration of E4 in mice, a stable concentration over time that would mimic human pharmacokinetics could not be achieved. The use of osmotic minipumps continuously releasing E4 for several weeks provided an exposure profile mimicking chronic oral administration in women. Measurements of the circulating concentration of E4 in mice revealed that the mouse equivalent dose necessary to mimic human treatment does not fit with the allometric prediction. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of precise definition of the most appropriate dose and route of administration to utilize when developing predictive preclinical animal models to mimic or anticipate specific human treatment