Assistência Multidisciplinar à Saúde - vol 3

O módulo 4, denominado Atenção Integral à Saúde do Idoso, é parte integrante da Unidade IV, aborda a saúde do idoso. Como será discutido no módulo, a proporção de idosos vem aumentando, o serviço de saúde e os profi ssionais que nele atuam precisam estar sensibilizados para fazer a atenção a esta faixa etária. Para isto precisa ter competências para prestar atenção qualifi cada focada para esta faixa etária. O conteúdo traz os conceitos de envelhecimento saudável, as políticas de atenção específi cas para tal ciclo de vida, além dos cuidados que as equipes precisam desenvolver para promover a saúde dos idosos. Vale ressaltar que são ações que independem do núcleo de competência dos profi ssionais, ou seja, é de responsabilidade de todos os membros da equipe, médico, odontólogo e enfermeiro. O módulo 5, denominado Atenção Integral à Saúde Mental, faz a abordagem dos principais problemas na área de saúde mental. Ele pretende clarifi car o que os profi ssionais da atenção primária precisam saber para suspeitar de problemas de saúde mental. O tema vai ser tratado separadamente, pois se entende que a abordagem dos problemas relacionados á saúde mental do indivíduo são fundamentais para a manutenção de uma comunidade saudável. Reconhecer os sinais de distúrbios mentais é de competência de todos os integrantes da equipe de saúde da família, esta ação não deve ser atribuída somente ao profi ssional da área de saúde mental.3.0MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDEUna-SU

Soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in traditional agricultural and agroforestry systems in the semiarid region of Brazil.

Abstract: In the semiarid region of Brazil, inadequate management of cropping systems and low plant biomass production can contribute to reduce soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks; therefore, management systems that preserve C and N must be adopted. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in soil C and N stocks that were promoted by agroforestry (agrosilvopastoral and silvopastoral) and traditional agricultural systems (slash-and-burn clearing and cultivation for two and three years) and to compare these systems with the natural Caatinga vegetation after 13 years of cultivation. The experiment was carried out on a typical Ortic Chromic Luvisol in the municipality of Sobral, Ceará, Brazil. Soil samples were collected (layers 0-6, 6-12, 12-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm) with four replications. The plain, convex and concave landforms in each study situation were analyzed, and the total organic C, total N and densities of the soil samples were assessed. The silvopastoral system promoted the greatest long-term reductions in C and N stocks, while the grosilvopastoral system promoted the smallest losses and therefore represents a sustainable alternative for soil C and N sequestration in these semiarid conditions. The traditional agricultural system produced reductions of 58.87 and 9.57 Mg ha-1 in the organic C and total N stocks, respectively, which suggests that this system is inadequate for these semiarid conditions. The organic C stocks were largest in the concave landform in the agrosilvopastoral system and in the plain landform in the silvopastoral system, while the total N values were highest in the concave landform in the native, agrosilvopastoral and silvopastoral systems. [Estoques de carbono e nitrogênio do solo em sistemas agrícolas tradicional e agroflorestais no semiárido brasileiro]. Na região semiárida, o manejo inadequado dos sistemas de cultivo, aliado à baixa produção de fitomassa, pode contribuir para reduzir os estoques de carbono (C) e nitrogênio (N) do solo; portanto, a adoção de sistemas de manejo para a preservação desses elementos é necessária. Objetivou-se avaliar as alterações promovidas nos estoques de C e N do solo por sistemas agrícolas agroflorestais (agrossilvipastoril e silvipastoril) e tradicional (com derrubada da vegetação, queima e cultivo por dois-três anos), confrontando-os à vegetação natural de Caatinga, após 13 anos, em experimento instalado em um Luvissolo Crômico órtico típico, no município de Sobral, Ceará. Amostras de solo foram coletadas nas profundidades de 0-6, 6-12, 12-20, 20-40 e 40-60 cm, em quatro repetições, considerando os relevos plano, convexo e côncavo em cada situação de estudo, sendo determinados o C orgânico total, o N total e as densidades do solo. Entre os sistemas agroflorestais estudados, o silvipastoril, em longo prazo, promoveu as maiores reduções nos estoques de C e N, enquanto o agrossilvipastoril as menores perdas, representando alternativa sustentável para o sequestro de C e N do solo nessas condições semiáridas. O sistema de cultivo tradicional apresentou reduções de 58,87 e 9,57 Mg ha-1 dos estoques de C orgânico e N total, respectivamente, indicando sua não adequação para as condições semiáridas brasileiras. Os relevos côncavo, no sistema agrossilvipastoril, e plano, no silvipastoril, apresentaram os maiores estoques de C orgânico, enquanto para o N total, a forma côncava apresentou os maiores valores na vegetação nativa, agrossilvipastoril e silvipastoril

Estudio experimental de la inducción electromagnética entre dos bobinas: dependencia con la corriente eléctrica

En este artículo se muestran un conjunto de sencillas experiencias de laboratorio que ilustran el fenómeno de la inducción electromagnética. El dispositivo experimental, análogo a un transformador, está formado por dos bobinas magnéticamente acopladas conectadas a un generador de corriente alterna sinusoidal de frecuencia variable. Midiendo la tensión inducida en la bobina del secundario en función de la corriente que hay en la bobina del primario se obtiene una dependencia lineal. Los resultados obtenidos concuerdan bastante bien, teniendo en cuenta los intervalos de error, con las predicciones teóricas de la ley de Faraday-Henry. Para la predicción teórica se ha tenido en cuenta el tamaño finito de ambas bobinas calculando el flujo magnético mediante una sencilla integral.In this paper, it is shown a set of simple experiences that inform about the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. The electrical assembly is made of two coils magnetically coupled, analogous to an electrical transformer, connected to a variable frequency AC generator. If we measure the voltage induced in the secondary coil based on the current of the primary coil it is obtained a linear dependence. The obtained results agree quite well with, considering the error ranges, the theoretical predictions of the Faraday-Henry’s law. In the theoretical predictions we have also taken into account the finite size of both coils calculating the magnetic flux through an easy integral.Uno de los autores, A. Beléndez, agradece al Vicerrectorado de Tecnologías de la Información de la Universidad de Alicante el apoyo prestado a través del proyecto GITE- 09006-UA

Making Accessibility Visible: Visualizing Spatial Accessibility Through Multi-Dimensional Scaling Model

Accessibility has progressively claimed a central role in policy discourse and planning in the Global South. However, availability of approaches for its assessment is still limited in practice. Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) is a statistical tool aimed at explaining relations of distances, such as the analyzed in accessibility, through the construction of a new space of projections. That way, results are easily visualized and interpreted. Our research explores the use of MDS for the visualization of spatial accessibility. Taking the cities of Pereira and Dosquebradas, which belong to the Metropolitan Area of the Centre-West (MACW) of Colombia, we calculate the shortest path from each intersection to the rest assuming trips in motorized and non-motorized transport modes. This approach allows to visually re-configure the spatial distribution of intersections in the transport network, graphically representing accessibility levels for different zones in the metropolitan region of analysis. The use of MDS enables a more intuitive interpretation of accessibility and the exploration of underlying factors that can influence spatial inequalities, as well as to visualize changes generated by different transport and land-use interventions. Results allow to visualize the configuration of the two municipalities in the metropolitan area in an easily interpretable fashion, identifying areas with limited accessibility and establishing comparisons between mode choices. The tool seeks to contribute to better-informing transport policy and accessibility appraisals and identifying potential spatial inequalities in relation to transport in urban areas, which was tested in various forums with local decision-makers and non-specialists in Colombia

Wheat-barley hybridization – the last forty years

Abstract Several useful alien gene transfers have been reported from related species into wheat (Triticum aestivum), but very few publications have dealt with the development of wheat/barley (Hordeum vulgare) introgression lines. An overview is given here of wheat 9 barley hybridization over the last forty years, including the development of wheat 9 barley hybrids, and of addition and translocation lines with various barley cultivars. A short summary is also given of the wheat 9 barley hybrids produced with other Hordeum species. The meiotic pairing behaviour of wheat 9 barley hybrids is presented, with special regard to the detection of wheat– barley homoeologous pairing using the molecular cytogenetic technique GISH. The effect of in vitro multiplication on the genome composition of intergeneric hybrids is discussed, and the production and characterization of the latest wheat/barley translocation lines are presented. An overview of the agronomical traits (b-glucan content, earliness, salt tolerance, sprouting resistance, etc.) of the newly developed introgression lines is given. The exploitation and possible use of wheat/barley introgression lines for the most up-to-date molecular genetic studies (transcriptome analysis, sequencing of flow-sorted chromosomes) are also discussed

Morfologia de nanocompósitos híbridos com matrizes bicomponentes de policaprolactona e poli(etileno glicol)

Orientador: Maria do Carmo GonçalvesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de QuímicaResumo: Nanocompósitos híbridos orgânico-inorgânicos (O-I) constituídos de policaprolactona (PCL) e poli(etileno glicol) (PEG), reticulados por estruturas de silsesquioxano sintetizadas in situ na ausência de solventes são o objeto de estudo da presente tese. Esses materiais são inéditos e promissores para o desenvolvimento de dispositivos de regeneração óssea, liberação controlada de drogas e até mesmo enxertos de pele. Além disso, apresentam uma complexa nanoestrutura que é devida à ocorrência simultânea de três processos distintos: formação das estruturas de silsesquioxano, segregação de fases e cristalização do(s) polímero(s) orgânico(s). Neste trabalho, microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (TEM), associada à espectroscopia de perda de energia de elétrons (EELS), foi utilizada para investigar a morfologia dos híbridos O-I, assim como determinar a distribuição de estruturas de silsesquioxano em sua matriz. A correlação avançada de TEM com técnicas de espalhamento de raios X (SAXS/WAXS) permitiu obter informações quantitativas e modelos confiáveis para explicar a morfologia global e a nanoestrutura dos nanocompósitos híbridos O-I amorfos e semicristalinos. Nanocompósitos híbridos O-I amorfos apresentaram morfologia similar à de qualquer polímero amorfo: denso e sem características observáveis. Já em sua nanoestrutura, nanocompósitos híbridos O-I amorfos mostraram nanopartículas esféricas, atribuídas as cadeias randômicas de polissilsesquioxano (maior massa molar), uniformemente dispersas numa matriz do tipo gel, a qual é formada por cadeias de PCL e/ou PEG reticuladas aleatoriamente por estruturas poliédricas de silsesquioxano do tipo gaiola (menor massa molar). Nesse caso PCL/PEG mostraram-se indistinguíveis e potencialmente miscíveis. Por outro lado, nanocompósitos híbridos O-I semicristalinos apresentaram separação macroscópica das fases PCL e PEG, apesar de ambas mostrarem-se efetivamente reticuladas. Em termos de sua morfologia, híbridos O-I semicristalinos apresentaram morfologia esferulítica similar a qualquer homopolímero semicristalino. Já em sua nanoestrutura, híbridos O-I semicristalinos apresentaram nanopartículas de polissilsesquioxanos, localizadas nas regiões amorfas interesferulíticas e interfibrilares, e estruturas ordenadas do tipo gel, reticuladas por estruturas de silesesquioxano, localizados na região interlamelar. Em conclusão, neste trabalho foram obtidas informações relevantes sobre a morfologia e nanoestrutura de nanocompósitos híbridos O-I multicomponentes que poderão contribuir para o desenvolvimento de dispositivos biomédicos funcionaisAbstract: Solvent-free organic-inorganic (O-I) hybrid nanocomposites made up of polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and cross-linked by in situ generated silsesquioxane structures are the subject of study of the present thesis. These materials are previously unreported and promising new skin grafts, bone regeneration devices, or even drug delivery devices. Moreover, these materials show a complex morphology and nanostructure due to the occurrence of three competing processes: silsesquioxane formation, phase segragation and the organic polymer(s) crystallization. In this work, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), associated with the electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), was used to investigate the O-I hybrid morphology as well as to determine the silsesquioxane distribution within the overall nanostructure. The advanced correlation of TEM with synchrotron X-ray scattering techniques (SAXS/WAXS) led to obtain quantitative information and reliable models to explain the overall morphology and nanostructure of both amorphous and semi-crystalline O-I hybrid nanocomposites. Amorphous O-I hybrid nanocomposites morphology is similar to any other amorphous polymer: dense and without distinct observable features. At their nanostructure, amorphous O-I hybrid nanocomposites showed spherical nanoparticles, related to random polysilsesquioxane chains (high molecular weight), uniformly distributed throughout a homogeneous cross-linked gel-like matrix, made up of PCL and PEG chains randomly cross-linked by polyhedral silsesquioxane cages (low molecular weight). In this case, PCL and PEG were undistinguishable and potentially miscible. Conversely, semi-crystalline O-I hybrid nanocomposites showed macroscopic PCL/PEG phase segregation, irrespective of the fact that both phases were effectively cross-linked. In terms of morphology, semi-crystalline O-I hybrids showed a spherulitic morphology similar to the one reported for conventional semi-crystalline homopolymers. In terms of nanostructure, semi-crystalline O-I hybrids also showed polysilsesquioxane nanoparticles, mainly located in the interfibrillar and interspherulitic amorphous regions, and ordered gel-like structures cross-linked by silsesquioxane, mainly distributed in between the interlamellar amorphous regions. Ultimately, these results provided important insights into the morphology and nanostructure of these complex multicomponent O-I hybrids, contributing to the development of functional biomedical devices with enhanced flexibility, transparency and, possibly, cell adhesion propertiesDoutoradoFísico-QuímicaDoutora em Ciências140469/2014-1CNP

Access to security services and crime patterns. Case study: Manizales, Colombia

Accessibility planning allows a better understanding of the operational characteristics of transport networks in relation to economic, socio-demographic, and land-use variables. It has, however, experienced a much slower adoption in the Global South as opposed to industrialized societies, focusing mostly on work opportunities and other basic services. The city of Manizales in Colombia is considering incorporating accessibility models as part of policy design and decision-making processes for the implementation of new services. In this regard, we set out to assess the relationship between locations of police stations, operational characteristics of the transport network, and criminal offences by using territorial accessibility measures. Our research seeks to contribute to the debates on the applicability and usefulness of accessibility measure when applied to specific services in a developing context. The research builds on primary data obtained in a period of over a year with the aid of GPS equipment. These data are contrasted with information on criminal offences attended by local authorities. Our analyses confront accessibility levels on the road network and spatial coverage of police stations with density of reported criminaloffences. These analyses suggest correlations between areas of the city with higher density of criminal offences and constraints of local capacity and accessibility of police facilities. We provide evidence of the role of accessibility in seamlessly unrelated services and produce new information that can strengthen criteria for land management and locations of urban facilities in mid-sized cities

The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Exploring Fundamental Symmetries of the Universe

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for life and whether protons eventually decay --- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions. LBNE is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, high-intensity neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a near neutrino detector just downstream of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota, is approximately 1,300 km from the neutrino source at Fermilab -- a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions. With its exceptional combination of experimental configuration, technical capabilities, and potential for transformative discoveries, LBNE promises to be a vital facility for the field of particle physics worldwide, providing physicists from around the globe with opportunities to collaborate in a twenty to thirty year program of exciting science. In this document we provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess.Comment: Major update of previous version. This is the reference document for LBNE science program and current status. Chapters 1, 3, and 9 provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess. 288 pages, 116 figure

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results