Reproductive biology of Lychnorhiza lucerna (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae): Individual traits related to sexual reproduction

We studied individual traits related with sexual reproduction of Lychnorhiza lucerna and review how sexual maturation has been studied for scyphomedusae, focusing on the particular case of non-brooding species. L. lucerna is a gonochoric species and sexual dimorphism was found in the colour of the gonads. There were no brooding structures or any other distinguishable feature that enable macroscopic determination of sex. Gametogenesis in L. lucerna resembled the descriptions available for other rhizostomes and semaeostomes. Both processes are asynchronous since gametes at all stages of development occurred simultaneously. Oocytes arose from the gastrodermis and maintained contact with it via trophocytes throughout vitellogenesis. Spermatogenesis occurred within the spermatic follicles arising from nested primary spermatogonia in the mesoglea. Population features of sexual reproduction are defined by characterizing and quantifying individuals at different stages of sexual maturity. Regarding sexual maturation in Scyphozoa, sexually mature medusae can be detected by i) the presence of fully-developed gametes in the gonads indicating near future spawning, or ii) by the presence of spent spermatic follicles as evidence of ongoing or recent spawning events. Whereas the former allows getting a more detailed study of sexual reproduction patterns of any species, the later constitutes an option for non-brooders equivalent to the search of fertilized eggs or planulae for brooder species, as exemplified in this work.Fil: Schiariti, Agustin. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Christiansen, Enesto. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Morandini, Andre Carrara. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: da Silveira, Fabio Lang. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Giberto, Diego Agustin. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Mianzan, Hermes Walter. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentin

Concepção e avaliação de um dispositivo de coleta seletiva voluntária: uma intervenção lúdica urbana

Objective: This research presents the construction and evaluation of a recycling device designed based on the Theory of Fun to collect plastic waste.Originality/relevance: This device consists of an instrumented "dump," which, after its use, communicates with the user, thanking the deposition of the waste and offering content in the form of audio about issues involving the theme of sustainability.Methodology: To evaluate the prototype, generic brands were attached to it as the device's sponsors. A QR code system was also implemented in the prototype, which, after being accessed by the user, would lead the user to a website in which objectives of the project were reported. The prototype was set in public squares and places strategically chosen due to people's traffic. After installation, the artifact was monitored, and its efficiency was evaluated concerning the impact caused on the prospected local community. To verify users' preference, the device was installed in each studied location, next to a conventional wastebasket provided by the city.Main results: Through the analyses, it was possible to verify the preference for using the prototype concerning conventional dumps. Users were also attentive to the brands disclosed, which indicates that the device under studyTheoretical/methodological contributions: This way, it can be figured out that the obtained data are adherent to the Theory of Fun postulates, and the studied bin can realize as an example of equipment designed for interaction with the users and, at the same time, disclosing to them information about sustainabilitySocial/management contributions: The prototype can also be used as an educational tool in elementary schools. Objetivo: Esta investigación presenta la construcción y evaluación de un dispositivo de reciclaje diseñado con base en la Teoría de la Diversión para recolectar residuos plásticos.Originalidad/relevancia: Este dispositivo consiste en un "vertedero" instrumentado que, después de su uso, se comunica con el usuario, agradeciendo el depósito de los residuos y ofreciendo contenido en forma de audio sobre cuestiones que involucran el tema de la sustentabilidad.Metodología: Para evaluar el prototipo se le adjuntó marcas genéricas como patrocinadoras del dispositivo. En el prototipo también se implementó un sistema de códigos QR que, luego de ser accedido por el usuario, lo conduciría a un sitio web en el que se informaban los objetivos del proyecto. El prototipo fue instalado en plazas públicas y lugares elegidos estratégicamente debido al tránsito de personas. Después de la instalación, se monitoreó el artefacto y se evaluó su eficiencia en relación con el impacto causado en la comunidad local prospectada. Para verificar la preferencia de los usuarios, el dispositivo se instaló en cada lugar estudiado, junto a una papelera convencional provista por la ciudad.Resultados principales: A través de los análisis, fue posible verificar la preferencia por el uso del prototipo con respecto a los botaderos convencionales. Los usuarios también estuvieron atentos a las marcas divulgadas, lo que indica que el dispositivo en estudioAportaciones teóricas/metodológicas: De esta forma, se puede constatar que los datos obtenidos se apegan a los postulados de la Teoría de la Diversión, y el bin estudiado se puede realizar como un ejemplo de equipo diseñado para interactuar con los usuarios y, al mismo tiempo, revelarles información sobre sustentabilidad.Contribuciones sociales/de gestión: El prototipo también se puede utilizar como herramienta educativa en las escuelas primarias.Objetivo: Esta pesquisa apresenta a construção e avaliação de um dispositivo de reciclagem projetado com base na Teoria da Diversão para coleta de resíduos plásticos.Originalidade/relevancia: Esse dispositivo consiste em um “lixão” instrumentado que, após seu uso, se comunica com o usuário, agradecendo a deposição do resíduo e oferecendo conteúdo em forma de áudio sobre questões que envolvem o tema da sustentabilidade.Metodologia: Para avaliar o protótipo, marcas genéricas foram anexadas a ele como patrocinadoras do dispositivo. Também foi implementado um sistema de QR code no protótipo, que, após ser acessado pelo usuário, levaria o usuário a um site no qual os objetivos do projeto eram relatados. O protótipo foi montado em praças públicas e locais estrategicamente escolhidos devido ao trânsito de pessoas. Após a instalação, o artefato foi monitorado e sua eficiência avaliada quanto ao impacto causado na comunidade local prospectada. Para verificar a preferência dos usuários, o dispositivo foi instalado em cada local estudado, próximo a uma lixeira convencional fornecida pela prefeitura.Resultados principais: Através das análises, foi possível verificar a preferência pelo uso do protótipo em relação aos lixões convencionais. Os usuários também ficaram atentos às marcas divulgadas, o que indica que o aparelho em estudoContribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Desta forma, pode-se perceber que os dados obtidos são aderentes aos postulados da Teoria da Diversão, e a caixa estudada pode se apresentar como um exemplo de equipamento projetado para interação com os usuários e, ao mesmo tempo, divulgar a eles informações sobre sustentabilidadeContribuições sociais/de gestão: O protótipo também pode ser usado como ferramenta educacional em escolas de ensino fundamental

Phenological responses of Brazilian wheat cultivars to vernalization and photoperiod

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes combinações de vernalização e fotoperíodo no desenvolvimento de cinco cultivares brasileiras de trigo. O experimento foi realizado em Passo Fundo, RS, em três épocas de semeadura: 23/6, 25/7 e 27/8 de 2003. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subsubdivididas e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de: três regimes fotoperiódicos – fotoperíodo natural (FN), fotoperíodo estendido em quatro horas (FE 4) e fotoperíodo estendido até completar vinte horas de luz (FE 20) – locados na parcela principal; dois regimes de vernalização – não vernalizado (NV) e vernalizado com 30 dias (V) –, na subparcela; e cinco cultivares de trigo – BRS 179, BRS 194, BRS 207, BRS Figueira e BRS Umbu, avaliadas nas subsubparcelas. Houve interação entre fotoperíodo e cultivar (semeadura em 23/6), e todas as cultivares tiveram o ciclo reduzido com o aumento do fotoperíodo, enquanto nas plantas com épocas de semeadura 25/7 e 27/8, houve interação entre fotoperíodo e cultivar e entre vernalização e cultivar. Essas variáveis aceleraram o ciclo de desenvolvimento da cultura e interferiram na duração dos subperíodos importantes para a formação dos componentes do rendimento de grãos.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of vernalization and photoperiod on the phenological development of five Brazilian wheat cultivars. The experiment was carried out in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, in three sowing dates: June 23, July 25 and August 27 of 2003. The experimental design was random block, with split split plots, and four repetitions. The treatments consisted of: three light regimes – natural photoperiod (NP), four hour day length extensions (EP 4), and an extended photoperiod of 20 hours of light per day (EP 20), in the main plot; two vernalization regimes – unvernalized (NV) and vernalized during thirty days (V) – in the split plot; and five wheat cultivars – BRS 179, BRS 194, BRS 207, BRS Figueira, and BRS Umbu – evaluated in the split split plots. There was an interaction between photoperiod and cultivar cycle for the first sowing date. For all the cultivars, the cycle was reduced with the increase of the photoperiod. However, for the second and third sowing dates, there was also an interaction between cultivars and vernalization. These variables accelerated the crop cycle, and affected the duration of important subperiods for the composition of yield grain components

Spatiotemporal variation of the epifaunal assemblages associated to Sargassum muticum on the NW Atlantic coast of Morocco

Epifaunal assemblages inhabiting the non-indigenous macroalga Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt were investigated on two physically distinct intertidal rocky (S1) and sandy (S2) sites along the Atlantic coast of Morocco. The objective of this study was to test whether the habitat-forming marine alga S. muticum invasive in these sites supported different epifaunal assemblages under different environmental conditions and through time. The gastropods Steromphala umbilicalis, S. pennanti, and Rissoa parva and the isopod Dynamene bidentata were the most contributive species to the dissimilarity of epifaunal assemblage structure between both sites throughout seasons. SIMPER analysis showed a dissimilarity of 58.3-78.5% in the associated species composition of S. muticum between study sites with respect to sampling season. Species diversity and total abundance were significantly higher at the rocky site compared to the sandy site. PERMANOVA analyses showed significant differences of associated epifaunal assemblage structure for the season and site interaction. Accordingly, site and season were determinant factors conditioning the role of habitat in structuring epifaunal assemblages.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Respostas fenológicas de cultivares brasileiras de trigo à vernalização e ao fotoperíodo

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of vernalization and photoperiod on the phenological development of five Brazilian wheat cultivars. The experiment was carried out in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, in three sowing dates: June 23, July 25 and August 27 of 2003. The experimental design was random block, with split split plots, and four repetitions. The treatments consisted of: three light regimes – natural photoperiod (NP), four hour day length extensions (EP 4), and an extended photoperiod of 20 hours of light per day (EP 20), in the main plot; two vernalization regimes – unvernalized (NV) and vernalized during thirty days (V) – in the split plot; and five wheat cultivars – BRS 179, BRS 194, BRS 207, BRS Figueira, and BRS Umbu – evaluated in the split split plots. There was an interaction between photoperiod and cultivar cycle for the first sowing date. For all the cultivars, the cycle was reduced with the increase of the photoperiod. However, for the second and third sowing dates, there was also an interaction between cultivars and vernalization. These variables accelerated the crop cycle, and affected the duration of important subperiods for the composition of yield grain components.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes combinações de vernalização e fotoperíodo no desenvolvimento de cinco cultivares brasileiras de trigo. O experimento foi realizado em Passo Fundo, RS, em três épocas de semeadura: 23/6, 25/7 e 27/8 de 2003. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subsubdivididas e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de: três regimes fotoperiódicos – fotoperíodo natural (FN), fotoperíodo estendido em quatro horas (FE 4) e fotoperíodo estendido até completar vinte horas de luz (FE 20) – locados na parcela principal; dois regimes de vernalização – não vernalizado (NV) e vernalizado com 30 dias (V) –, na subparcela; e cinco cultivares de trigo – BRS 179, BRS 194, BRS 207, BRS Figueira e BRS Umbu, avaliadas nas subsubparcelas. Houve interação entre fotoperíodo e cultivar (semeadura em 23/6), e todas as cultivares tiveram o ciclo reduzido com o aumento do fotoperíodo, enquanto nas plantas com épocas de semeadura 25/7 e 27/8, houve interação entre fotoperíodo e cultivar e entre vernalização e cultivar. Essas variáveis aceleraram o ciclo de desenvolvimento da cultura e interferiram na duração dos subperíodos importantes para a formação dos componentes do rendimento de grãos

Observations of the atmospheric boundary layer in Rondonia

Observações do desenvolvimento de camadas limites atmosféricas sobre regiões de floresta tropical e pastagem são apresentadas. Estas medidas foram obtidas no Experimento da Camada Limite de Rondônia -Fase lI, realizado na região de Ji- Paraná (sudoeste da Amazônia), durante o mês de julho de 1993. O conjunto de dados consiste em perfis atmosféricos medidos a partir de balão cativo, radiossondagem e de medidas de fluxos turbulentos à superfície. Os resultados mostram que a camada limite convectiva desenvolvida sobre a área de pastagem pode atingir alturas de até 2.200 m ao final da tarde, valores estes superiores aos observados sobre a floresta (1.250 m). A camada limite estável noturna é mais profunda sobre a floresta (385 m) do que sobre a pastagem (240 m). Os mecanismos atmosféricos que determinam estas características são discutidos.Pages: 413-42

Conception and assessment of a device for voluntary selective collecting: an urban ludic intervention

Objective: This research presents the construction and evaluation of a recycling device designed based on the Theory of Fun to collect plastic waste.Originality/relevance: This device consists of an instrumented "dump," which, after its use, communicates with the user, thanking the deposition of the waste and offering content in the form of audio about issues involving the theme of sustainability.Methodology: To evaluate the prototype, generic brands were attached to it as the device's sponsors. A QR code system was also implemented in the prototype, which, after being accessed by the user, would lead the user to a website in which objectives of the project were reported. The prototype was set in public squares and places strategically chosen due to people's traffic. After installation, the artifact was monitored, and its efficiency was evaluated concerning the impact caused on the prospected local community. To verify users' preference, the device was installed in each studied location, next to a conventional wastebasket provided by the city.Main results: Through the analyses, it was possible to verify the preference for using the prototype concerning conventional dumps. Users were also attentive to the brands disclosed, which indicates that the device under studyTheoretical/methodological contributions: This way, it can be figured out that the obtained data are adherent to the Theory of Fun postulates, and the studied bin can realize as an example of equipment designed for interaction with the users and, at the same time, disclosing to them information about sustainabilitySocial/management contributions: The prototype can also be used as an educational tool in elementary schools. </jats:p

Prohexadione calcium controls shoot growth of pear trees under mild winter conditions

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of prohexadione calcium (ProCa) on vegetative growth and yield of ‘Carrick’, ‘Packham’s Triumph’ and ‘William’s’ pear trees. The trial was performed at the experimental orchards of the Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil (31° 52’ 00" S; 52° 21’ 24" W), during the growing seasons of 2011/12 and 2012/13. Treatments were applied to single-tree replications in a randomized complete block design with four replications as follows: Control (unsprayed), ProCa (ProCa - 750 g ha-1 i.a.). The ProCa was split in four (187.5 g ha-1 a.i. each) or three timings (250 g ha-1 a.i. each) applications in the 2011/12 and 2012/13 growing seasons, respectively. The assessed parameters were: one-year-old shoot length, number of nodes per shoot, average internode length per shoot, trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) increment, pruning weight, number of fruit per tree, average fruit weight, yield per tree and return bloom. The application of ProCa at 750 g ha-1 a.i. satisfactorily controlled shoot growth through the reduction of internode length of ‘Carrick’, ‘Packham’s Triumph’ and ‘William’s’ pears. Besides, return bloom was not negatively affected by ProCa. Therefore, this plant growth regulator is a potential management tool to reduce shoot growth and the need for pruning in pear orchards

Rio de la Plata (La Plata River) and Estuary (Argentina and Uruguay)

The La Plata River system can be defined as a funnel coastal plain tidal river with a semi-closed shelf at the mouth. La Plata River is both the world’s widest freshwater system and an estuary that drains the second largest basin in South America and the fifth largest in the world. The Rio de la Plata system is shared by Argentina and Uruguay and has an area of 38,000 km2, extends almost 300 km in length, and widens from about 40 km at the inner freshwater part to 227 km at the Atlantic Ocean boundary. The system is mainly formed by the Paraná and Uruguay rivers that provide 97 % of the water discharge contributing with a mean annual flow of 16,000 and 4,000 m3/s, respectively. The Rio de la Plata comprises three well-defined areas: the internal zone that starts at the end of the Parana Delta and is characterized by only freshwater, an intermediate or mixing zone, and an external or marine zone.Fil: Baigún, Claudio Rafael M.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Colautti, Dario César. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Maiztegui, Tomás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; Argentin