Validation d'un banc d'essais reproduisant les rafales de vent sur véhicule terrestre. Caractérisation de l'écoulement par TR-PIV

Les phénomènes aérodynamiques instationnaires apparaissant autour de véhicules terrestres lors de rafales latérales, demeurent encore mal connus de par les difficultés, tant expérimentales que numériques, à reproduire fidèlement ces situations en laboratoire. L’ISAE a développé un banc d'essai, inspiré des travaux de Ryan et Dominy (Ryan et Dominy [2000]), dans lequel le déferlement de la rafale sur la maquette automobile est reproduit par un jet latéral mobile longitudinalement. L’écoulement généré par ce dispositif est validé PIV résolue en temps dans ce présent document. L’angle de dérapage obtenu lors d’une simulation de rafale présente une évolution temporelle proche du créneau avec un plateau compris voisin de 25°

Etude de l'évolution instationnaire de l'écoulement entourant un véhicule soumis brusquement à un vent latéral

Les techniques de PIV résolue en temps et de PIV stéréoscopique sont appliquées autour de corps automobiles soumis à un coup de vent latéral. Ainsi, l’évolution instationnaire des efforts aérodynamiques peut être interprétée en lien avec la topologie de l’écoulement. On montre en particulier que la réponse instationnaire du véhicule est dominée par le transitoire de la partie arrière. Le développement de la structure tourbillonnaire d’axe longitudinal apparaissant du côté sous le vent du véhicule soumis à un dérapage apparaît jouer un rôle important dans la réponse instationnaire de efforts aérodynamiques

Forces and flow structures evolution on a car body in a sudden crosswind

A vehicle driver is commonly exposed to strong side air flows, for example when passing through a wind gust. The aerodynamic efforts generated in these situations may induce undesired lateral deviations, which can lead to dramatic effects, if the driver is surprised. In order to simulate a sudden yaw angle change on a moving vehicle, a double wind tunnel facility, adapted from the one of Ryan, Dominy, 2000. Wake Surveys Behind a Passenger Car Subjected to a Transient Cross-wind Gust. SAE Technical Paper No. 2000-01-0874 is developed. Two Windsor car body models, differing from their rear geometry, are analysed. The transient evolution of the side force and yaw moment aerodynamic coefficients are interpreted in connection with the unsteady development of the flow, based on TR-PIV and stereoscopic PIV measurements. Our analysis shows that the region which is most sensitive to crosswind is located at the rear part of the leeward flank. However, changes in the rear geometry (from squareback to fastback body) only affect the established lateral coefficients values while transient duration and the force overshoots appear not to be significantly modified. Furthermore, the circulation of the most energetic leeward vortex appears to be correlated with the lateral coefficients transient evolutions

Composição bromatológica, digestibilidade in vitro e produção de biomassa de leguminosas forrageiras lenhosas cutivadas em solo arenoso

Com o objetivo de avaliar o valor nutritivo e a produtividade das leguminosas forrageiras lenhosas: Albizia lebbeck (Albízia), Cajanus cajan (Feijão-Guandu), Cratylia argentea (Cratília), Gliricidia sepium (Gliricídia) e Leucaena leucocephala (Leucena), a serem utilizadas na suplementação de bovinos como banco de proteína, conduziu-se um experimento em Neossolo Quartzarênico. O experimento foi realizado entre março de 2006 e outubro de 2007. As avaliações foram realizadas em dois períodos (chuvoso e seco), com dois cortes para cada período. Não houve diferença no acúmulo de matéria seca nos cortes do período chuvoso para as espécies estudadas. Já no período seco de avaliação, a A. lebbeck e a C. argentea foram superiores às demais leguminosas. O C. cajan não se recuperou após os corte do período chuvoso, o que resultou em um baixo acúmulo de matéria seca nos cortes do período seco. As folhas da A. lebbeck apresentaram os maiores conteúdos de proteína bruta nos dois cortes dos períodos de avaliação (210 a 212 g/kg). A digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca nas folhas da A. lebbeck foi superior, com valores médios de 568 g/kg. A. lebbeck, Cratylia argentea e Gliricidia sepium apresentaram os maiores conteúdos para digestibilidade das hastes finas. A. lebbeck e C. argentea apresentaram acúmulo de massa seca superior às demais espécies testadas (19,3 e 24,3 t/ha, respectivamente) e ainda, os melhores valores para as características qualitativas. Essas duas últimas são as espécies mais promissoras e adaptadas para a formação de bancos de proteínas nesses tipos de solos

Balanço de energia em amendoim irrigado.

O presente estudo utilizou o método do balanço de energia através da razão de Bowen para estimar os fluxos de calor latente (LE) e sensível (H) a partir de medidas do saldo de radiação (Rn), fluxo do calor do solo (G) e gradientes psicométricos (com termopares) em dois cultivares amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) irrigado. Os resultados indicam que a partição de Rn em fluxos de LE, H e G varia durante o ciclo, principalmente em função do desenvolvimento vegetativo da cultura. O método da razão de Bowen propiciou medidas de consumo hídrico coerentes com a cultura do amendoim (valores médios de 6 mm.dia-1 para ambos os cultivares).CBA 2009

Correlations between structure and dynamics in complex networks

Previous efforts in complex networks research focused mainly on the topological features of such networks, but now also encompass the dynamics. In this Letter we discuss the relationship between structure and dynamics, with an emphasis on identifying whether a topological hub, i.e. a node with high degree or strength, is also a dynamical hub, i.e. a node with high activity. We employ random walk dynamics and establish the necessary conditions for a network to be topologically and dynamically fully correlated, with topological hubs that are also highly active. Zipf's law is then shown to be a reflection of the match between structure and dynamics in a fully correlated network, as well as a consequence of the rich-get-richer evolution inherent in scale-free networks. We also examine a number of real networks for correlations between topology and dynamics and find that many of them are not fully correlated.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, 1 tabl

Medication preparation and administration : analysis of inquiries and information by the nursing team

Este estudo analisou os questionamentos apresentados por técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem aos enfermeiros durante o preparo e administração de medicamentos. Para coleta dos dados utilizou-se um formulário entregue aos enfermeiros de unidades de internação de um hospital geral do interior paulista, solicitando que anotassem as dúvidas dos profissionais da equipe que lhe fossem endereçadas. Foram registrados pelos enfermeiros 255 questionamentos sendo que a maioria destes estava relacionada à diluição do medicamento (103). Com relação às respostas dos enfermeiros às dúvidas, somente 7,5% destas foram obtidas através dos profissionais da farmácia. Ressalta-se que 35,5% das respostas emitidas pelos enfermeiros estavam incorretas ou parcialmente corretas podendo constituir fator para erros na administração de medicamentos. Somado a isto, inexistem farmacêuticos nas unidades de internação nos hospitais brasileiros, os quais poderiam, juntamente com o enfermeiro, facilitar a orientação dos profissionais de enfermagem quanto aos medicamentos, no momento do preparo e administração dos mesmos, bem como ao próprio paciente. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis study analyzed questions presented by nursing technicians and auxiliaries during medication preparation and administration. Data were collected through a form in which nurses who worked in the hospitalization unit of ageneral hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, were asked to take notes of any questions asked to them. Most of the 255 questions were related to medication dilution (103). Regarding the answers source, only 7.5% of answers were obtained from pharmaceutical professionals, 35.5% of the answers given by nurses was incorrect or partially correct, which can constitute a factor for medication administration errors. In addition, there are no pharmacists present in hospitalization units of Brazilian hospitals. These professionals could, jointly with nurses, facilitate medication orientation to nursing professionals during preparation and administration, as well as to patients themselves. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ RESUMENEste estudio analizó las preguntas presentadas por técnicos y auxiliares de enfermería a los enfermeros durante la preparación y administración de medicamentos. Para recopilar los datos, se utilizó un formulario entregue a los enfermeros de unidades de internación de un hospital general del interior del Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, solicitando que anotaran las dudas que recibieran. La mayoría de las 255 preguntas estaba relacionada a la disolución del medicamento (103). Respecto a las respuestas, solamente el 7,5% de estas fue obtenido a través de los profesionales de la farmacia. Se destaca que el 35,5% de las respuestas emitidas por los enfermeros estaban incorrectas o parcialmente correctas, lo que puede constituir un factor para errores en la administración de medicamentos. Además, no existen farmacéuticos en las unidades de internación en los hospitales brasileños. Estos podrían, en conjunto con los enfermeros, facilitar la orientación de los profesionales de enfermería en cuanto a los medicamentos, en el momento de su preparación y administración, y también de los propios pacientes

Non-neural phenotype of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy: Results from a large cohort of Italian patients

Objective: To carry out a deep characterisation of the main androgen-responsive tissues involved in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). Methods: 73 consecutive Italian patients underwent a full clinical protocol including biochemical and hormonal analyses, genitourinary examination, bone metabolism and densitometry, cardiological evaluation and muscle pathology. Results: Creatine kinase levels were slightly to markedly elevated in almost all cases (68 of the 73; 94%). 30 (41%) patients had fasting glucose above the reference limit, and many patients had total cholesterol (40; 54.7%), low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (29; 39.7%) and triglyceride (35; 48%) levels above the recommended values. Although testosterone, luteinising hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone values were generally normal, in one-third of cases we calculated an increased Androgen Sensitivity Index reflecting the presence of androgen resistance in these patients. According to the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), 7/70 (10%) patients reported severe lower urinal tract symptoms (IPSS score >19), and 21/73 (30%) patients were moderately symptomatic (IPSS score from 8 to 19). In addition, 3 patients were carriers of an indwelling bladder catheter. Videourodynamic evaluation indicated that 4 of the 7 patients reporting severe urinary symptoms had an overt prostate-unrelated bladder outlet obstruction. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan data were consistent with low bone mass in 25/61 (41%) patients. Low bone mass was more frequent at the femoral than at the lumbar level. Skeletal muscle biopsy was carried out in 20 patients and myogenic changes in addition to the neurogenic atrophy were mostly observed. Conclusions: Our study provides evidence of a wide non-neural clinical phenotype in SBMA, suggesting the need for comprehensive multidisciplinary protocols for these patients. \ua9 2016 Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited

Measurement of the inclusive and dijet cross-sections of b-jets in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The inclusive and dijet production cross-sections have been measured for jets containing b-hadrons (b-jets) in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements use data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb^-1. The b-jets are identified using either a lifetime-based method, where secondary decay vertices of b-hadrons in jets are reconstructed using information from the tracking detectors, or a muon-based method where the presence of a muon is used to identify semileptonic decays of b-hadrons inside jets. The inclusive b-jet cross-section is measured as a function of transverse momentum in the range 20 < pT < 400 GeV and rapidity in the range |y| < 2.1. The bbbar-dijet cross-section is measured as a function of the dijet invariant mass in the range 110 < m_jj < 760 GeV, the azimuthal angle difference between the two jets and the angular variable chi in two dijet mass regions. The results are compared with next-to-leading-order QCD predictions. Good agreement is observed between the measured cross-sections and the predictions obtained using POWHEG + Pythia. MC@NLO + Herwig shows good agreement with the measured bbbar-dijet cross-section. However, it does not reproduce the measured inclusive cross-section well, particularly for central b-jets with large transverse momenta.Comment: 10 pages plus author list (21 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version published in European Physical Journal

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results