Determination of L-Type Calcium Current in the Primary Hypertrophied Left Ventricular Cardiomyocytes of Hypertrophy Heart Rats/HHR

Background: The molecular mechanisms responsible for electromechanical derangements found in primary left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy have not been clearly elucidated. Of particular interest is the voltage gated L-type Ca current (ICa L) which plays crucial role in the EC-coupling. This study aimed to investigate cardiomyocyte ICa(L) in newly developed line of rats namely HHR (hypertrophy heart rat) and NHR (normal heart rat). Methods: A pure experimental study has been conducted using male HHR (n=7 rats) and NHR (n=9 rats), aged 19-25 week. Cardiomyocytes were isolated enzymatically. By using whole cell patch clamp techniques, ICa were measured and normalized (pA/pF) for cell size determined by capacitance (Cm). In Na-free superfusate, the ICa(L) of HHR (n=18 cells) and NHR (n=12 cells) obtained at holding potential (HP) -50 mV were analyzed using Student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA (repeated measures). p<0.05 values were considered significance. Results: Myocyte mean Cm of HHR slightly increased but not significantly greater than that of NHR (364.3±22.33 pF vs 300.2±27.78 pF, p=0.08). In HHR, peak Ca current density was significantly increase, i.e, at HP -50 mV, the ICa(L) evoked at test potential (TP) -10 mV were -7.74±0.86 (HHR) vs -4.68±1.09 (NHR) pA/pF, p<0.02. Conclusions: Peak Ca current density of HHR increases approximately 1.6 times that of the NHR (-7.74±0.86 vs -4.68±1.09 pA/pF). This increase is attributed primarily to L-type Ca current, best known to peak at around TP -10 mV. The dramatic increase in sarcolemmal calcium influx in the HHR provides evidence of altered EC coupling processes in primary LV hypertrophy

Parallel Lives: Birth, Childhood and Adolescent Influences on Career Paths

This paper uses sequence methods and cluster analysis to create a typology of career paths for a cohort of British 29 year olds born in 1970. There are clear ‘types’ identified by these techniques including several paths dominated by various forms of non-employment. These types are strongly correlated with individual characteristics and parental background factors observed at birth, age ten and age sixteen. By estimating a multinomial logit model of career types we show how policy makers might identify early those young people likely to experience long term non-employment as adults, enabling better targeted preventative policy intervention.careers, cluster analysis, optimal matching

Measuring business growth : high growth firms and their contribution to employment in the UK

The Measuring Business Growth report is a comprehensive look at UK business growth over the past decade. It makes a powerful case that a small number of high-growth businesses are responsible for the lion's share of job creation and prosperity

Tampilan Lemak Dan Solid Non Fat Pada Susu Sapi Perah Akibat Asupan Neutral Detergent Fiber Yang Berbeda (the Display of Fats and Solid Non Fat of Dairy Cows Aaffected by Neutral Detergent Fiber Intake of Different Rations)

This study was aimed to assess the optimal ration of Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) content to improve the performance of milk fat and Solid Non Fat (SNF) milk of dairy cows. This research was conducted at the Regional Operational Unit Mulyorejo, Livestock Breeding Barukan village, Tengaran Sub District of Semarang Regency and Banyu Aji Cooperative, Sub District of Getasan, Semarang Regency from June 29 to July 31, 2014. Animal used as experimental materials were 12 Friesien Holstein dairy cows in second and third months of lactation with estimated body weight averaged at 408.5 ± 30.86 kg (Coefisien Variance (CV) = 10.68%) and milk production averaged of 9.3 ± 1.01 liters (CV = 14.33%). The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized design for three treatments, i.e. T0 (NDF content of 61%), T1 (NDF content of 63%), and T2 (NDF content of 64%). The results showed that milk fat T1 (3.28%) affected with T0 (3.51%), but not affected (P&gt;0.05) with T2 (3.45%). SNF content of T0 (7.31%) affected (P&lt;0.05) less than T1 (7.83%) and T2 (7.75%). This study concluded that increasing NDF content to 63% in feed can improve SNF and milk fat content

Hubungan Antara Kebisingan Dan Fungsi Pendengaran Pada Petugas PT. Gapura Angkasa Di Bandar Udara Sam Ratulangi Manado

: The noise resulted from the advancement of transportation is an issue that cannot be avoided. The Noise Induced Hearing Loss is a decreases of auditory type sensorineural, which is initially not be aware, because there has not disturbed of daily conversation yet. Risk factors that affect the degree of severity of deafness are the intensity of the noise, frequency, long exposure per day, long working period, individual sensitivity, age and other factors that could influence. The aim of this research is to find out whether there is a relationship between noises by function of hearing at the officers of PT. Gapura Angkasa at Sam Ratulangi Airport, Manado. The Method of this research namely the analytic method is a design cross sectional study, and the samples were 20. The Measurement of noise levels is based on a unit of work the Operation which was obtained at the level of 75 dB and 85 dB Loading. From the results obtained from 20 staffs there are only 8 people who work exceed the Threshold Value (NAB) of noise which has been set. Conclusion: The result showed that there is hearing loss about 20 % in all the officers. The result Analysis Bivariat indicates that there is the absence of meaningful relations between noise-induced hearing disorder with the level of intensity noisy (p = 0.591). From the results of this research it can be concluded that the officers who work in on high intensity noise are more at risk of experiencing hearing loss compared to the officers who work on a low intensity noise level. In addition, the factors such as long hours of work, long exposure noise, the use of Ear Protectors Tools (EPT) was also very influential of the onset hearing loss in workers

Perbandingan Kapasitas Vital Paru Pada Pelajar Di Dataran Tinggi Tomohon Dengan Pelajar Di Dataran Rendah Manado

: At an altitude above sea level, the barometric pressure decreases followed by a decrease in air pressure of O2. If someone stays in a highland for several days, weeks, or years, he/she will become acclimatized. One of the main principles of acclimatization is to increase lung ventilation large enough. This study aimed to determinate the vital lung capacity value of students who lived in highlands and of students who lived in lowlands. This study was conducted in two places: SMA 1 Negeri Tomohon and SMA Negeri 1 Manado in December 2015-February 2016. Samples were 40 students: 20 students of SMA Negeri 1 Tomohon and 20 students of SMA Negeri 1 Manado. This was an analytical study with a cross sectional design. The independent T test showed that there was no significant difference between Lung Vital Capacity of students in the highland and students in the lowland with a p value 0.2105. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between Lung Vital Capacity of the students in the highland with students in the lowland

Penggunaan Radioisotop Pada Deteksi Dini Penyakit Kanker

: Application of nuclear techniques, both the applications of radiation and radio-isotopes, are very useful since the use of atomic energy program for peaceful purposes was launched in 1953. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a new method for imaging the physiological functions of human tissues. Radiant energy emitted by a source of radiation can cause changes in terms of physical, chemical, and biological material in its path. Changes that occur can be controlled by choosing the type of radiation (or neutron) and regulate the dose absorbed, according to the effect needed to be achieved. Based on these properties, the radiation can be used directly such as in radiotherapy, and sterilization. In addition, the radiation emitted by a radioisotope, location and distribution can be detected from outside the body proper, and its activity can be measured accurately; therefore, the use of radioisotopes as tracer is very useful in metabolic studies, as well as tracking techniques and management or treatment of various organs, without having to perform surgery, particularly its use for early detection of cancer cells, or better known methods of cancer with PET

Hubungan Bising Dan Fungsi Pendengaran Pada Teknisi Mesin Kapal Yang Bersandar Di Pelabuhan Bitung

: Noise is one of the unavoidable problems as a result of technological development. Hearing loss due to noise is called sensorineural hearing loss, which is oftenly not realized because it does not disturb daily conversation. Risk factors of hearing loss are inter alia noise intensity, length of employment, length of noise exposure in a day, and the USAge of Ear Protective Equipment (EPE). This study aimed to determine the relationship between noise and hearing function among ship engine technicians in Bitung Port. This was an analytical study using a cross-sectional design. Samples consisted of 20 respondents. Noise measurement obtained noise intensities of 87 dB and 93 dB. Of 20 respondents, there were 7 exposed to over a predetermined noise. The audiometric examination showed 3 of 20 respondents (15%) with hearing loss. The bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between hearing loss and noise intensity (p = 0.008). Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between noise and hearing function among ship engine technicians in Bitung port